(4600,'2026-03-20','The First Doctor, Part 5',926,'A continuing look at the first Doctor Who.','\n<p>This is a further look at the stories of the First Doctor, portrayed by William Hartnell, during the 1960s.</p>\n<h2 id=\"the-first-doctor-part-5\">The First Doctor, Part 5</h2>\n<h3 id=\"-the-celestial-toymaker-https-en-wikipedia-org-wiki-the_celestial_toymaker-\"><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Celestial_Toymaker\">The Celestial Toymaker</a></h3>\n<p>This is a wonderful story, and the Toymaker is another foe many Doctor Who fans wanted to see return, and in 2023 it happened. In the story <em>The Giggle</em> he returned, played this time by Neil Patrick Harris, and it is a very good story. But in this introduction of the character he is played by Michael Gough in a Fu Manchu-like costume, and he has great powers, but is bound by certain rules, which makes this interesting. When the Tardis lands in his world, he sets them games they have to survive to escape. They are games based on children’s games you might be familiar with, but they have a twist. The Doctor is told he must solve the Trilogic puzzle in exactly 1023 moves, and Steven and Dodo must win their games before the Doctor wins his. This story is pure entertainment but very well done.</p>\n<p>But Hartnell’s decline continued. In this story there are scenes of The Trilogic Puzzle where a hand moves a piece, but it is not Hartnell’s hand, it is another actor. And Hartnell does not appear at all in episodes 2 &amp; 3. Producer John Wiles had a plan to replace Hartnell whose contract was up at the end of the season, but he was over-ruled by BBC Head of Serials, Gerald Savory, who extended Hartnell’s contract, leading to John Wiles quitting the production. Hartnell would continue for now, but something would have to happen eventually.</p>\n<h3 id=\"-the-gunfighters-https-en-wikipedia-org-wiki-the_gunfighters_-doctor_who-\"><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gunfighters_(Doctor_Who\">The Gunfighters</a>)</h3>\n<p>This is another historical story, but is embarrassingly bad. It takes the Tardis to Tombstone, Arizona at the time of the famous Gunfight at the OK Corral. Steven Taylor is mostly silly trying to act out childish fantasies of cowboys. The set up comes from the end of the previous story when the Doctor bites into a candy and yells in pain. He needs to see a dentist, and Doc Holliday, aside from being a gunfighter, is a dentist. Mistaken identities happen all over. This is light fluff, but is enjoyable if you give in to the silliness.</p>\n<h3 id=\"-the-savages-https-en-wikipedia-org-wiki-the_savages_-doctor_who-\"><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Savages_(Doctor_Who\">The Savages</a>)</h3>\n<p>This is another story about who are the bad guys really, similar to <em>Galaxy Four</em>. In this case, Dodo and Steven are captured by what appear to be Stone Age savages. The Doctor, meanwhile, is taken to the city of the Elders, is greeted warmly. It seems they have been following his travels for some time and are great admirers of him. Steven and Dodo are rescued by soldiers from the City, and reunited with the Doctor. Then Dodo slips away and stumbles on experiments being conducted on human beings. So the Elders turn out to be the real Savages here. The lab is destroyed, the two groups decide to live together in peace, but they realize they need a leader who is from neither group and choose Steven to be their leader. So another companion goes. Only Dodo is left.</p>\n<h3 id=\"-the-war-machines-https-en-wikipedia-org-wiki-the_war_machines-\"><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_War_Machines\">The War Machines</a></h3>\n<p>This is an “AI gone bad” story. A professor has built a computer to help manage the communications in the new Post Office Tower, which in fact was a new building in London. But the computer turns out to be more than anyone realized. But Doctor gets it right away when the computer correctly gives the meaning of TARDIS. Then it turns out that the computer can hypnotize people and make them its slaves. It does this to several of the professors involved, and has them build the War Machines that will enable it to take over the world. Dodo is hypnotized and tries to trap the Doctor, but he figures it out and restores her, then she is sent away to recuperate. We won’t ever see her again. Meanwhile the secretary to one of the professors, by the name of Polly, and young sailor named Ben, join up with the Doctor, and they defeat the computer. At the end, they realize they have Dodo’s TARDIS key and enter just before it takes off. So now we have two new companions.</p>\n<p>This is a fun episode. The props are the usual for this time in Doctor Who, cheap. But the writing is good, and story has enough twists and turns to carry you right along. Hartnell was really good in this story despite the problems he was having.</p>\n<h3 id=\"-the-smugglers-https-en-wikipedia-org-wiki-the_smugglers-\"><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Smugglers\">The Smugglers</a></h3>\n<p>This is another historical story, but instead of being based on any particular incident it tells of a general occurrence in English history. The English government chose to support itself primarily through customs duties on imports, which of course created an incentive to avoid those duties by smuggling, and that definitely happened a lot in the Cornwall area. It was also one the issues that started the American Revolution, but that is not our story here. The TARDIS crew encounters a former pirate, now turned church warden, who tells them a secret before being killed by another pirate. Ben and Polly capture a man who they think is the murderer, but he is in fact an undercover Revenue agent, and in the end helps to defeat the pirates. It is a good story, and the most memorable character has to be Cherub, the pirate who murdered the church warden and who kills other people and is very sinister.</p>\n<p>This is a story where all episodes have been lost, so I had to get it through reconstructions.</p>\n<h3 id=\"-the-tenth-planet-https-en-wikipedia-org-wiki-the_tenth_planet-\"><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tenth_Planet\">The Tenth Planet</a></h3>\n<p>This is Hartnell’s final story, and it takes the TARDIS to Antarctica, where the travelers are taken to the Snowcap base of the International Space Command. They are managing the return of the manned space mission Zeus IV, and everything goes wrong when a new planet appears, dooming the mission. Then we meet the second most memorable enemies of the Doctor, the Cybermen. They explain that they are from the planet Mondas, which is Earth’s twin (hence the Tenth Planet), and need the energy from the Earth to keep their planet going. The General running the base is of course pig-headed and does everything possible to make things worse than they have to be. This adventure turns out to be too much for the Doctor, who explains that his old body is just wearing out, and when they get back to the TARDIS he collapses and starts to change. In the end his replaced by the of Patrick Troughton.</p>\n<p>Hartnell was becoming increasingly difficult to work with as far back as The Time Meddler, where you could really see him losing his lines, and there are lots of stories about him hiding notes to remind himself of what he was supposed to say. But the BBC didn’t want the show to end, so they did something unprecedented and replaced the lead actor in a popular series. To explain it away, they invented regeneration, something the Doctor’s race could do. We now call them the Time Lords of Gallifrey, but that part did not appear until the end of Troughton’s run as the Doctor. For now, the Doctor was just a member of an unspecified alien race, and the only other member we had met was the Meddling Monk. At least we assume he is of the same race since he has a TARDIS.</p>\n<h3 id=\"the-first-doctor-era\">The First Doctor Era</h3>\n<p>Whatever else you might want to say about Hartnell he created a franchise that has lasted for over 60 years at the time I write this. And after a slow start, he really developed the character and became identified with it. In the beginning he was a very stubborn and unlikable old man, but as the series progressed he mellowed and his humor started to come through even more. Hartnell himself returned to the role one more time in the Third Doctor story <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Three_Doctors_(Doctor_Who\"><em>The Three Doctors</em></a>) (1973), which was the first time Doctor Who had a story featuring multiple incarnations of the character, in the case the First Doctor (William Hartnell), the Second Doctor (Patrick Troughton), and the Third Doctor (Jon Pertwee). But due to his declining health he has a limited role appearing only on a TV Screen. He passed away in 1975.</p>\n<p>He was portrayed by Richard Hurndall in another multiple Doctor story, _<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Five_Doctors\">The Five Doctors</a>_ (1983), which was broadcast for the 20th anniversary of the program during Peter Davison’s run as the Fifth Doctor. In recent times David Bradley has portrayed the First Doctor, particularly in the docudrama <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Adventure_in_Space_and_Time\">An Adventure in Space and Time</a> (2013) which was produced in honor of the 50th anniversary of the program. This show tells the story of the First Doctor and the how the program came together in a dramatic form, and I recommend it highly. Bradley would reprise the role in 2017 in _<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Doctor_Falls\">The Doctor Falls</a><em> and </em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twice_Upon_a_Time_(Doctor_Who\">Twice Upon A Time</a>)<em> where he played opposite Peter Capaldi’s 12th Doctor, and then again in </em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Power_of_the_Doctor\">The Power of the Doctor</a>_ (2022), where he appears alongside other previous Doctors. It is perhaps notable that the first three Doctors, William Hartnell, Patrick Troughton, and Jon Pertwee, have all passed away, but only Hartnell’s First doctor has been revived so often.</p>\n<h3 id=\"links-\">Links:</h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Celestial_Toymaker\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Celestial_Toymaker</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gunfighters_(Doctor_Who\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gunfighters_(Doctor_Who</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Savages_(Doctor_Who\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Savages_(Doctor_Who</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_War_Machines\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_War_Machines</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Smugglers\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Smugglers</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tenth_Planet\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tenth_Planet</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Three_Doctors_(Doctor_Who\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Three_Doctors_(Doctor_Who</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Five_Doctors\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Five_Doctors</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Adventure_in_Space_and_Time\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Adventure_in_Space_and_Time</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Doctor_Falls\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Doctor_Falls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twice_Upon_a_Time_(Doctor_Who\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twice_Upon_a_Time_(Doctor_Who</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Power_of_the_Doctor\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Power_of_the_Doctor</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.palain.com/science-fiction/intro-to-doctor-who/the-first-doctor-part-5/\">https://www.palain.com/science-fiction/intro-to-doctor-who/the-first-doctor-part-5/</a></li>\n</ul>\n\n\n',198,124,0,'CC-BY-SA','Science fiction, Doctor Who, William Hartnell',0,0,1),
(4610,'2026-04-03','Playing Civilization V, Part 10',1096,'We continue our look at the game mechanics of Civilization V.','\n\n<p>In our next look at the game mechanics for Civilization V we three key ideas: Great People, Trade, and Empires/Civilizations.</p>\n<h2 id=\"playing-civilization-v-part-10-great-people\">Playing Civilization V, Part 10 - Great People</h2>\n<h3 id=\"gaining-great-people\">Gaining Great People</h3>\n<p>You earn Great People by accumulating Great Person Points (GPP). Each type of Great Person has its own type of GPP, and they are earned independently, so you can easily accumulate points for several different types of Great People at the same time. You can earn these points through specialists, through Wonders, and through Social Policies. While you can accumulate points towards any and all Great People, you should focus on ones that fit your game strategy. If you are going for a Domination victory, you should focus on Great Generals and Great Admirals in preference to Great Artists and Great Musicians. But if you are going for a Culture victory you might want to reverse that. That is not to say you won’t gain a few random other Great People along the way, just that you should know what you are trying to achieve. And Great Generals and Great Admirals are a little different in that you earn them by winning battles.</p>\n<h3 id=\"types-of-great-people\">Types of Great People</h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Great Artist – Can start Golden Age, or create Great works</li>\n<li>Great Musician – Can do Concert Tour (+Tourism), or create Great Works</li>\n<li>Great Writer- Can write a Political Treatise (+Culture), or create Great Works</li>\n<li>Great Engineer – Can hurry production (including Wonders). Can create Manufactory</li>\n<li>Great General – combat bonus to units within 2 tiles, or steal land when creating a Citadel</li>\n<li>Khan – Unique to Mongolia, replaces Great General, moves faster and heals adjacent units, and can create Citadel</li>\n<li>Great Merchant – Trade Mission (+Gold and +Influence with a city state). Create Customs House</li>\n<li>Merchant of Venice – Unique to Venice, replaces Great Merchant. +100% Gold and +100% Influence from Trade Mission, or can puppet a City-State. Can create Customs House</li>\n<li>Great Scientist – Can Hurry Research, or create Academy</li>\n<li>Great Admiral – Combat bonus to naval units within 2 tiles. Can repair adjacent naval and embarked units</li>\n<li>Great Prophet – Can Found or enhance Religion, can spread Religion, or can create Holy Site</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Every type except Great Admiral can create something, but that uses up the Great Person. And the main action for each also uses up the Great Person (e.g. do a Concert Tour, Hurry Production, etc.). So you need to consider which one works best for you. As a general rule, compare which option pays off the best. For example, if it is early in the game and you get a Great Scientist, creating an Academy will give you science points per turn that will pay off over the whole game. But once you hit the mid-to-late stages the one time hit of science points from Hurry Research makes more sense because you don’t have the time left for the per-turn bonus from an Academy to add up. And if there is a key Wonder you need to make your strategy works, keeping a Great Engineer on hand to hurry it up can pay off very nicely. This is the only way to Hurry Production on a Wonder.</p>\n<h3 id=\"trade\">Trade</h3>\n<p>In Civilization V, the amount of Gold you earn from terrain is much lower, so the path to a full treasury requires that you set up Trade Routes. You have limited number of Trade Slots available, but that limit grows over time. You can earn slots two ways. The first is through discovering techs:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ancient Era: Animal Husbandry, Sailing</li>\n<li>Classical Era: Engineering</li>\n<li>Medieval Era: Compass</li>\n<li>Renaissance Era: Banking</li>\n<li>Industrial Era: Biology</li>\n<li>Modern Era: Railroad</li>\n<li>Atomic Era: Penicillin</li>\n</ul>\n<p>So just from keeping up your research you can get up to 8 Trade Routes. In addition, the Wonders Colossus and Petra each provide an additional Trade Route.</p>\n<p>You can establish trade route with your own cities, with City-States, and with other Empires. Trade routes are always city-to-city, and are limited by distance, so it can make sense sometimes to move your trade unit to a different city. The city that produced the unit will always be where it shows up first, but you can make a move on its first turn to transfer the unit to another city, though note that Cargo Ships can only be placed in coastal cities. This can bring a desired destination city within range. Note that for land units (Caravans) you can increase the range by building roads.</p>\n<h3 id=\"effects-of-trade\">Effects of Trade</h3>\n<p>Trade is generally pursued for the gold, but there can also be Science, Culture, and Religious effects, so it is worth paying attention here. Even if Gold is the main object, you may have several options that provide equivalent amounts of Gold, and a potential gain of Science or Culture might be the tie-breaker, depending on your strategy for victory. If you establish a trade route with a City-State, you can receive Gold, provide religious pressure to convert them to your religion, and gain influence with them, This can be very helpful if you are going for a Diplomatic Victory, But I would not accept a large difference in Gold just for that minor Influence gain. You can gain far more influence with Gold in long run. Setting up trade between your own cities can be helpful in giving a boost to a city because you can send Food and Production. In the earlier phases of the game that might be a good idea to get a city up to full development. The city where the route originates does not lose Food or Production, but some added amount shows up in the destination city. However, for Food trade to happen you need to have a Granary in each city, and for Production you need to have a Workshop in each city.</p>\n<h3 id=\"plundering\">Plundering</h3>\n<p>Trade routes can be plundered by Empires you are at war with, or more often, by Barbarians. When that happens, the route disappears, and you need to build another trade unit and set up another route.</p>\n<h3 id=\"empires-civs\">Empires/Civs</h3>\n<p>There are 43 possible Civilizations in Civ 5, so I don’t propose to discuss all of them in depth here, but if you want to dive into this more you can go to the <a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Civilizations_(Civ5\">Civ Wiki</a>) for a chart that shows them all. Instead, I want to discuss why they are different and how you should make choices depending on the Victory type you are choosing. Of course, if you let the game make the choice for you randomly, knowing what each Civ is good for can help you to determine what type of strategy to pursue for your best chance of a victory.</p>\n<p>The first thing to know about each Civ is that they have a starting bias for where they will spawn at the beginning of the game. This can be either positive or negative, i.e. you are either more likely to spawn in certain terrain, or less likely to spawn in certain terrain. England, which is a naval power, will be biases to spawn on the Coast. Whereas Egypt, a famously desert country, will have a negative bias to avoid Jungle or Forest locations.</p>\n<p>Second, all Civs have one or more Unique Abilities. For example, the Carthaginians have two abilities that come from history. The first is Phoenician Heritage, which means that all Coastal cities get a free Harbor. And once they have earned a Great General, their military units can cross Mountain tiles, and they are the only ones that can do this. And the French have the City of Light ability, which grants doubled theming bonuses for Museums and wonders that are in the Capital.</p>\n<p>Third, each Civ has a Unique Unit. These units replace one of the regular units in the game, but are enhanced in some way. Spain has two of these. The first, the Tercio, replaces the Musketman, but it has a +50% bonus against mounted units and an increased Melee strength, making it a combination of Musketman and Pikeman. The other unit, the Conquistador replaces the Knight, but it has some interesting abilities. It can move after attacking if it still has movement points, embarked units have double defense, it can see two tiles further, and has no penalty when attacking cities. Finally, the Conquistador unit can be use to establish a city, though that uses up the unit.</p>\n<p>Finally, most (but not all) Civs have Unique Building or Improvement. As with units, these tend to replace ordinary buildings/improvements but offer something better. Arabia, for instance, has the Bazaar, which replaces the Marketplace. But it provides an additional 2 Gold per turn more than the Marketplace, it adds one additional copy of each improved luxury resource near the city, and provides +2 Gold for each Oasis and each source of Oil.</p>\n<p>What you need to consider is how each of these unique attributes of a Civ will fit in to your strategy. And timing matters. The American Unique Unit of the B-17 Bomber is nice, to be sure, but comes very late in the game. It probably won’t help you conquer the world. But the Roman units of the Ballista and the Legion are excellent for an early campaign of conquest. For a Trade-oriented strategy, Portugal is excellent, as all of its Unique attributes help with generating Trade and Gold. And Gold is the key to many possible paths to victory. So keep these points in mind as you plan your strategy. And to illustrate all of the things we have been discussing in the Civilization V series, I will play a game where I aim for a Diplomatic Victory.</p>\n<h3 id=\"links-\">Links:</h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Great_People_(Civ5\">https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Great_People_(Civ5</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/International_trade_route_(Civ5\">https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/International_trade_route_(Civ5</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Civilizations_(Civ5\">https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Civilizations_(Civ5</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.palain.com/gaming/civilization-v/playing-civilization-v-part-10/\">https://www.palain.com/gaming/civilization-v/playing-civilization-v-part-10/</a></li>\n</ul>\n\n\n\n',198,122,0,'CC-BY-SA','Computer games, strategy games, Civilization V, Great People, Trade, Empires',0,0,1),
(4528,'2025-12-10','Photography software',471,'My software related to photography on my computer.','\n<p>\nToday I will list and talk briefly about software related to photography that I have installed on my computer.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\nDigiKam</p>\n<p>\n<a href=\"https://www.digikam.org/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nhttps://www.digikam.org/</a>\n</p>\n<p>\nRawTherapee</p>\n<p>\n<a href=\"https://rawtherapee.com/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nhttps://rawtherapee.com/</a>\n</p>\n<p>\nGIMP</p>\n<p>\n<a href=\"https://www.gimp.org/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nhttps://www.gimp.org/</a>\n</p>\n<p>\nRapid Photo Downloader</p>\n<p>\n<a href=\"https://damonlynch.net/rapid/index.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nhttps://damonlynch.net/rapid/index.html</a>\n</p>\n<p>\nPIX</p>\n<p>\n<a href=\"https://github.com/linuxmint/pix\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nhttps://github.com/linuxmint/pix</a>\n</p>\n<p>\nVueScan</p>\n<p>\n<a href=\"https://www.hamrick.com/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nhttps://www.hamrick.com/</a>\n</p>\n<p>\nEntangle</p>\n<p>\n<a href=\"https://entangle-photo.org/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nhttps://entangle-photo.org/</a>\n</p>\n<p>\nDisplayCAL</p>\n<p>\n<a href=\"https://displaycal.net/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nhttps://displaycal.net/</a>\n</p>\n<p>\nDarkTable</p>\n<p>\n<a href=\"https://www.darktable.org/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nhttps://www.darktable.org/</a>\n</p>\n\n\n',429,0,0,'CC-BY-SA','photography, digikam, rawtherapee, gimp, pix, rapidphotodownloader, vuescan, entangle, darktable',0,0,1),
(4522,'2025-12-02','Lee interviews Elsbeth about SL Shop and Hop event',2744,'In this episode, Lee asks me questions about a shopping event I was accepted into to sell my product','\n<p>\nIn this episode, Lee sits down with Elsbeth Starling — fae-coded creator, mesh-maker, scripter, and accidental caffeine-fueled entrepreneur — to talk about what it <em>\nreally</em>\n takes to get accepted into Second Life’s legendary <strong>\nShop &amp; Hop</strong>\n as a relatively new business owner.</p>\n<p>\nAt just about a year and a half into her SL journey, Elsbeth breaks down the whole process:</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<ul>\n<li>\nhow she applied,</li>\n<li>\nwhat the organizers look for,</li>\n<li>\nand why imposter syndrome is basically the unofficial application form.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>\nLink to the last <a href=\"https://www.seraphimsl.com/2025/10/03/2025-halloween-shop-hop-is-spooktacular/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nShop and Hop</a>\n information</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\nShe shares her behind-the-scenes workflow using <a href=\"https://www.gimp.org/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\n<strong>\nGIMP</strong>\n</a>\n<strong>\n, </strong>\n<a href=\"https://www.blender.org/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\n<strong>\nBlender</strong>\n</a>\n<strong>\n, and </strong>\n<a href=\"https://wiki.secondlife.com/wiki/LSL_Tutorial\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\n<strong>\nLSL scripting</strong>\n</a>\n to turn simple mesh ideas into fully interactive creations. (Spoiler: it involves equal parts stubbornness and fairy dust.)</p>\n<p>\nWe dive into <strong>\nSLRead</strong>\n, the virtual HUD-based e-reader system she and Lee created — a tool that brings the joy of real-life reading into the digital world, complete with pages, collections, and a whole lot of cozy vibes.</p>\n<p>\nElsbeth also reveals her newest item premiering at Shop &amp; Hop: an <strong>\ninteractive story-time décor piece</strong>\n that lets ANY avatar sit down, pick one of six sweet stories, and be read to in local chat. Think “campfire storytelling,” but with lag and better fashion.</p>\n<p>\nWe wrap up by talking through the practicals:</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<ul>\n<li>\nthe cost of participating,</li>\n<li>\nhow sales work at large SL events,</li>\n<li>\nthe realities of being a smaller creator in a massive marketplace,</li>\n<li>\nand why Shop &amp; Hop can be one of the best visibility boosts for emerging designers.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>\nIf you’re an SL creator dreaming of Shop &amp; Hop — or just curious how creators bring magic into the <a href=\"https://secondlife.com/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nmetaverse</a>\n — this episode is a must-listen.</p>\n\n\n',446,0,0,'CC-BY-SA','secondlife, metaverse, inworld shopping, inworld, shopping, vendor, virtual currency, currency',0,0,1),
(4519,'2025-11-27','YouTube Subscriptions 2025 #10',1000,'Ahuka shares part ten of his list of subscribed channels','\n<p>\nI am subscribed to a number of YouTube channels, and I am sharing them with you.</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<h3>\nLinks:</h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/@Parlogram\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nhttps://www.youtube.com/@Parlogram</a>\n</li>\n<li>\n<a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/@pwhitewick\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nhttps://www.youtube.com/@pwhitewick</a>\n</li>\n<li>\n<a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/@eons\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nhttps://www.youtube.com/@eons</a>\n</li>\n<li>\n<a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/@pbsorigins\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nhttps://www.youtube.com/@pbsorigins</a>\n</li>\n<li>\n<a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/@pbsspacetime\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nhttps://www.youtube.com/@pbsspacetime</a>\n</li>\n<li>\n<a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/@PCJLaw\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nhttps://www.youtube.com/@PCJLaw</a>\n</li>\n<li>\n<a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/@periodicvideos\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nhttps://www.youtube.com/@periodicvideos</a>\n</li>\n<li>\n<a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/@CulturePhilter\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nhttps://www.youtube.com/@CulturePhilter</a>\n</li>\n<li>\n<a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/@PhotoAdvanced\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nhttps://www.youtube.com/@PhotoAdvanced</a>\n</li>\n<li>\n<a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/@physicsgirl\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nhttps://www.youtube.com/@physicsgirl</a>\n</li>\n<li>\n<a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/@PoliticsGirl\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nhttps://www.youtube.com/@PoliticsGirl</a>\n</li>\n<li>\n<a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/@PopularCruising\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nhttps://www.youtube.com/@PopularCruising</a>\n</li>\n<li>\n<a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/@postmodernjukebox\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nhttps://www.youtube.com/@postmodernjukebox</a>\n</li>\n<li>\n<a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/@PotatoMcWhiskey\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nhttps://www.youtube.com/@PotatoMcWhiskey</a>\n</li>\n<li>\n<a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/@PravusGaming\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nhttps://www.youtube.com/@PravusGaming</a>\n</li>\n<li>\n<a href=\"https://www.palain.com/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nhttps://www.palain.com/</a>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n\n\n',198,106,0,'CC-BY-SA','YouTube, Channels, Subscriptions',0,0,1),
(4523,'2025-12-03','Nuclear Reactor Technology - Ep 1 - Nuclear Basics',684,'This episode is the first in an 8 part series on nuclear reactor technology.  - Nuclear Basics','\n<p>\nThis episode is the first in an 8 part series on nuclear reactor technology.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\nThis is a politics free series and the focus is on the technology of the reactors.</p>\n<p>\nThis series will focus on the civil nuclear industry, with a particular focus on electric power generation reactors.</p>\n<p>\nI will discuss the technology, what it is, how it works, and some of the pros and cons of different technologies, but I will try to avoid offering too many opinions on what is the best or worst of anything.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\nEpisode 1 will cover nuclear basics, including basic terminology and civil versus military nuclear material.</p>\n<p>\nEpisode 2 will cover nuclear fuel, including the different types, recycling of spent fuel, uranium and thorium resources, and medical isotopes.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>\nEpisode 3 will cover reactor basics, including slow versus fast reactors, moderators, coolants, steam generation, refuelling methods, and the three main commercial reactor types.</p>\n<p>\nEpisode 4 will cover the less common reactor types, including types which are no longer used, some historical developmental dead ends, and some types which may possibly be making a come back.</p>\n<p>\nEpisode 5 will cover fast reactors, including the different types, some of their history, why they were developed, and why they have so far only seen limited use.</p>\n<p>\nEpisode 6 will cover thorium reactors, including what is thorium and how it differs from uranium, why there is interest in thorium, what sorts of reactors can use thorium, and why thorium has not yet seen widespread use.</p>\n<p>\nEpisode 7 will cover small modular reactors or SMRs, what the reason is for developing them, what are the different ways they may be used, and where they are currently being built.</p>\n<p>\nEpisode 8 will cover \"Generator IV\" reactors which is a collection of future technologies.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n08 Isotopes</p>\n<p>\n09 Isotopes of Uranium</p>\n<p>\n10 Nuclear Fission</p>\n<p>\n11 Half Life</p>\n<p>\n12 Fissile versus Fertile</p>\n<p>\n13 Enrichment of Isotopes</p>\n<p>\n14 Civil Versus Military Nuclear Material</p>\n<p>\n15 Uranium</p>\n<p>\n16 Plutonium</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n18 Conclusion</p>\n<p>\nIn the first episode of this series we have discussed what the series will cover,</p>\n<p>\nsome of the basic nuclear physics terminology,</p>\n<p>\nand the differences between civil and military nuclear material.</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\nIn the upcoming episodes we will discuss some of the basic engineering aspects of reactors,</p>\n<p>\nThe various types of commercial reactors, including common and uncommon ones,</p>\n<p>\nnuclear fuel, including uranium, plutonium, and thorium,</p>\n<p>\nmedical isotopes,</p>\n<p>\nsmall modular reactors,</p>\n<p>\nand the areas of research being conducted into new reactor technologies.</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\nIn the next episode however we will cover types of nuclear fuel, recycling of nuclear fuel, uranium and thorium resources, and medical isotopes.</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\nThis concludes the first episode of an 8 part series on nuclear reactor technology.&nbsp;</p>\n\n\n',455,0,0,'CC-BY-SA','energy, nuclear, engineering',0,0,1),
(4533,'2025-12-17','Nuclear Reactor Technology - Ep 2 Nuclear Fuel',1145,'Types of nuclear fuel, recycling of fuel, uranium and thorium resources, and medical isotopes.','\n<p>\n01 Introduction</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\nThis episode is the second in an 8 part series on nuclear reactor technology.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\nThis episode will cover types of nuclear fuel, recycling of nuclear fuel, uranium and thorium resources, and medical isotopes.</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n03 Types of Nuclear Fuel</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n03 Natural Uranium</p>\n<p>\n04 Enriched Uranium</p>\n<p>\n05 Mixed Oxide Fuel, or MOX</p>\n<p>\n06 Thorium Fuel</p>\n<p>\n08 Plutonium in Uranium Cycle Reactors</p>\n<p>\n09 Depleted Uranium</p>\n<p>\n10 Oxide or Ceramic versus Metallic Fuel</p>\n<p>\n12 Recycling Spent Fuel</p>\n<p>\n13 Once Through Fuel Cycles</p>\n<p>\n14 Reprocessing Spent Uranium Fuel into Mixed Oxide or MOX Fuel</p>\n<p>\n16 Reprocessing and Thorium Fuel</p>\n<p>\n17 Direct Reuse of Spent Light Water Fuel in Heavy Water Moderated Reactors</p>\n<p>\n18 DUPIC - Direct Use of Used PWR Fuel in CANDU</p>\n<p>\n20 RepU - Reprocessed Uranium Fuel in CANDU</p>\n<p>\n21 Uranium and Thorium Resources</p>\n<p>\n21 Uranium Mining</p>\n<p>\n22 Uranium in Sea Water</p>\n<p>\n23 Thorium</p>\n<p>\n24 Medical Isotopes</p>\n<p>\n25 Examples of Common Medical Isotopes</p>\n<p>\n26 How Medical Isotopes are Made</p>\n<p>\n27 Producing Isotopes in Research Reactors</p>\n<p>\n29 Producing Isotopes in Power Reactors</p>\n<p>\n31 Summary</p>\n<p>\nThe basis of nuclear fission is nuclear fuel.</p>\n<p>\nThere are three main types of nuclear fuel in commercial use today.</p>\n<p>\nThese are natural uranium, enriched uranium, and mixed oxide or MOX uranium-plutonium mixtures.</p>\n<p>\nIt is possible to use thorium in a sort of thorium-plutonium or thorium-uranium MOX fuel, but this not currently economically viable at this time when uranium is so cheap and abundant.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>\nSpent fuel can be recycled and used in a reactor again.</p>\n<p>\nMedical isotopes are an important byproduct of the nuclear industry, and a large share of the world\'s population has benefited from this at one time or another.</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n32 Conclusion</p>\n<p>\nIn the next episode I will describe the basic features and characteristics of reactors together with descriptions of the most widely used commercial reactor types.</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\nThis concludes the second episode of an 8 part series on nuclear reactor technology.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n\n\n',455,0,0,'CC-BY-SA','energy, nuclear, engineering',0,0,1),
(4543,'2025-12-31','Nuclear Reactor Technology - Ep 3 Reactor Basics',682,'Basic features of reactors and descriptions of the most widely used commercial reactor types.','\n<p>\n03-Reactor-Basics</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n01 Introduction</p>\n<p>\nIn this episode we will describe the basic features and characteristics of reactors together with descriptions of the most widely used commercial reactor types.</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n03 Fast Versus Slow Reactors</p>\n<p>\n04 Slow Neutron Reactors</p>\n<p>\n06 Fast Neutron Reactors</p>\n<p>\n08 Reactor Moderators</p>\n<p>\n10 Light Water</p>\n<p>\n11 Heavy Water</p>\n<p>\n13 Graphite</p>\n<p>\n14 Unmoderated</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n15 Coolants</p>\n<p>\n16 Common Coolants</p>\n<p>\n17 Alternative Coolants</p>\n<p>\n18 Primary and Secondary Coolant Loops</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n20 Steam Generation</p>\n<p>\n23 Brayton Cycle Gas Turbines</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n24 Refuelling Method</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n25 Main Commercial Reactor Types</p>\n<p>\n26 PWR - Pressurized Water Reactor</p>\n<p>\n28 BWR - Boiling Water Reactor</p>\n<p>\n29 PHWR - Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n33 Conclusion</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\nWe have covered the main reactor characteristics.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>\nThese characteristics can be mixed in various ways to give different reactor types.</p>\n<p>\nThe characteristics also affect the types of fuel that can be used.</p>\n<p>\nWe also covered the three main commercial power generation reactor types.</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\nIn the next episode we will describe some of the less common historical reactor types.</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n\n\n',455,0,0,'CC-BY-SA','energy, nuclear, engineering',0,0,1),
(4553,'2026-01-14','Nuclear Reactor Technology - Ep 4 Less Common Reactor Types',1054,'Some of the less common historical reactor types.','\n<p>\n02 Less Common Reactor Types</p>\n<p>\nIn this episode we discuss some of the less common historical reactor types.</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\nThese are a mixture of less common commercial types and some experimental or research reactors.</p>\n<p>\nI will cover advanced or future designs in another episode.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n03 Minor Successes</p>\n<p>\n04 Magnox</p>\n<p>\n07 AGR - Advanced Gas Cooled Reactor</p>\n<p>\n10 LWGR - Light Water Graphite Moderated Reactor (RBMK)</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n14 Historical Oddities or Dead Ends</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n15 Organically Cooled Reactors</p>\n<p>\n16 Organically Cooled and Moderated</p>\n<p>\n18 Organically Cooled and Heavy Water Moderated</p>\n<p>\n24 HTGCR High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor</p>\n<p>\n28 HWLWR - Heavy Water Light Water Reactor or SGHWR - Steam Generating Heavy Water Reactor</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n31 Reactors Making a Comeback</p>\n<p>\n32 Pebble Bed Reactors</p>\n<p>\n33 AVR</p>\n<p>\n35 THTR-300</p>\n<p>\n36 South Africa, China, and the US</p>\n<p>\n39 Making a Come Back?</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n40 MSR - Molten Salt Reactors</p>\n<p>\n41 Slow or Fast Neutron Reactors</p>\n<p>\n42 Fuel</p>\n<p>\n43 Salts</p>\n<p>\n44 Why Some Variants Use Dissolved Fuel</p>\n<p>\n46 History</p>\n<p>\n47 Types of Molten Salt Reactor</p>\n<p>\n48 Pros and Cons</p>\n<p>\n52 Overall</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n53 Conclusion</p>\n<p>\nIn this episode we discussed some of the less common historical reactor types.</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\nAs we have seen, there have been a number of different reactor designs which were less commercially successful for one reason or another.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>\nSome of them may make a come back however, particularly as the basis for a small reactor.</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\nIn the next episode we will describe&nbsp;fast neutron reactors.</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n\n\n',455,0,0,'CC-BY-SA','energy, nuclear, engineering',0,0,1),
(4563,'2026-01-28','Nuclear Reactor Technology - Ep 5 Fast Reactors',727,'Fast neutron reactors','\n<p>\nFast Reactors</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n03 Fast versus Slow Neutrons</p>\n<p>\n\"Fast neutron\" reactors are ones which use the \"fast neutron\" reaction.</p>\n<p>\nThis is as opposed to \"slow\" or \"thermal\" neutron reactors which use a slow neutron reaction.</p>\n<p>\nNearly all reactors in use today use a slow neutron reaction.</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n04 Moderators</p>\n<p>\n06 No Moderator in Fast Neutron Reactors</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n07 Burners versus Breeders</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n08 Fast Fission Fuel Cycle</p>\n<p>\n08 \"Typical\" Fuel</p>\n<p>\n09 Other Methods</p>\n<p>\n10 Reprocessing</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n11 Fuel Types</p>\n<p>\n11 Oxide</p>\n<p>\n12 Metal</p>\n<p>\n13 Nitride</p>\n<p>\n14 Carbide</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n15 Coolant</p>\n<p>\n16 Liquid Sodium</p>\n<p>\n18 Liquid Lead or Lead-Bismuth</p>\n<p>\n19 Helium Gas</p>\n<p>\n20 Molten Salt</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n21 History of Fast Neutron Reactors</p>\n<p>\n21 Origins</p>\n<p>\n22 Reasons for Developing Them</p>\n<p>\n23 Reasons They are Still Being Developed</p>\n<p>\n24 This is a Proven Technology</p>\n<p>\n25 Plutonium Stockpiles</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n26 Pros and Cons of Fast Reactors</p>\n<p>\nIf fast reactors are more expensive and difficult to operate than slow reactors, why is there any interest in them?</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n27 Pros</p>\n<p>\nFast neutron reactors can use all of the uranium supply by converting the U-238 to plutonium as well as using the U-235.</p>\n<p>\nSlow neutron reactors can only use the U-235 plus converting a very small proportion of the U-238 to plutonium.</p>\n<p>\nThis means that a given amount of fuel will go much further when used with a fast neutron reactor than a slow one.</p>\n<p>\n28</p>\n<p>\nSome (but not all) fast neutron reactors can produce more plutonium than they use.</p>\n<p>\nThis extra plutonium can be used to make uranium-plutonium mixed oxide (or MOX) fuel to be used in slow reactors, or it can be used to power a thorium fuel cycle.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>\nSo the higher cost of the fast neutron reactors can be offset by having it produce fuel for several slow neutron or thorium reactors.</p>\n<p>\n29</p>\n<p>\nThey can also use up or \"burn\" radioactive waste. That is, highly radioactive elements which are a&nbsp;byproduct of fuel use but not usable as fuel by themselves can be separated from the spent fuel and fed back into the reactor where the additional radiation will convert them into elements or isotopes which are either not radioactive or which are otherwise easier to dispose of.</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n30 Cons</p>\n<p>\nThere are a number of cons however, as otherwise there would be a lot more fast neutron reactors in the world.</p>\n<p>\nSince water, even \"light\" water, is a moderator, fast neutron reactors cannot use water as a coolant.</p>\n<p>\nOther alternative coolants must be used, and these complicate the design of the reactor and make it more difficult to operate.</p>\n<p>\n31</p>\n<p>\nAlternative compatible coolants may be corrosive, and so new materials may need to be developed for both the reactor vessel and the fuel cladding.</p>\n<p>\nAlternative coolants are often opaque, making it difficult to inspect the reactor.</p>\n<p>\nThe fuel cycle requires reprocessing spent fuel, which means that reprocessing facilities have to be set up, which is an additional expense.</p>\n<p>\n32</p>\n<p>\nFast neutron reactors were primarily developed on the premise that uranium supplies were limited and would soon become very expensive. However new very large and very high grade uranium deposits were discovered in Canada, Australia, and Kazakhstan, causing uranium prices to fall rather than rise. As a result it is much cheaper to operate a once-through fuel cycle than to build fast neutron reactors.</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n33 Future Prospects</p>\n<p>\nCurrently fast neutron reactors are not economically competitive with slow neutron reactors for electric power generation so there isn\'t a lot of interest from prospective customers.</p>\n<p>\nOriginally interest in them was driven by a belief that the world would run short of uranium.</p>\n<p>\nHowever, higher uranium prices sparked increased mineral exploration which resulted in finding large high grade reserves of low cost uranium, undercutting the need for economizing on its use.</p>\n<p>\n34</p>\n<p>\nThere is still ongoing R&amp;D though as they offer several other use cases.</p>\n<p>\nOne is to get rid of radioactive waste elements by turning them into non-radioactive or less radioactive isotopes or elements.</p>\n<p>\nThe other is to provide a supply of plutonium for fuelling thorium reactors.</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n35 Conclusion</p>\n<p>\nThis has been a short overview of fast neutron reactors, including their history, uses, and underlying design features.</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\nIn the next episode we will describe the use of thorium in nuclear power, including what thorium is, how it differs from uranium, and what sort of reactors can use it.</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n\n\n',455,0,0,'CC-BY-SA','energy, nuclear, engineering',0,0,1),
(4573,'2026-02-11','Nuclear Reactor Technology - Ep 6 Thorium Reactors',1017,'The use of thorium in nuclear power, what thorium is, what sort of reactors can use it.','\n<p>\nThorium Reactors</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n01 Introduction</p>\n<p>\nIn this episode we will describe the use of thorium in nuclear power, including what thorium is, how it differs from uranium, and what sort of reactors can use it.</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n03 What is thorium</p>\n<p>\n05 How thorium differs from uranium</p>\n<p>\n07 Sources of Thorium</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n09 Why there is interest in using thorium as a fuel</p>\n<p>\n10 Abundance of Thorium</p>\n<p>\n11 Some Countries Have a Lot of It</p>\n<p>\n12 Thorium Breeder Reactors are Simpler than Uranium Breeder Reactors</p>\n<p>\n14 Supposed Lower Nuclear Weapons Potential</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n16 What is Thorium Breeding</p>\n<p>\n20 Breeding Ratio</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n21 What sorts of reactors can use thorium</p>\n<p>\n22 PHWRs - Heavy Water Reactors (Including CANDU)</p>\n<p>\n24 HTR - High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactors</p>\n<p>\n26 MSR - Molten Salt Reactors</p>\n<p>\n29 Light Water Reactors (PWR, BWR)</p>\n<p>\n31 Fast Neutron Reactors</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n32 The Challenges Facing Thorium Fuelled Reactors</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n37 Thorium in India - An Example Use Case</p>\n<p>\n39 Why is India Pursuing Using Thorium?</p>\n<p>\n40 How a Thorium Fuel Cycle Would Work in India</p>\n<p>\n43 Current Status</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n46 Conclusion</p>\n<p>\nThorium is an abundant material that is seen as an alternative to uranium in nuclear power.</p>\n<p>\nExperimental thorium power reactors date back to at least the 1960s.</p>\n<p>\nNo new reactor technology is required to use thorium.</p>\n<p>\nExisting well proven reactor designs which have been in use for decades can use thorium as fuel.</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\nThe common light water reactor designs that popular in some countries however are not well suited to using thorium.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>\nInitial interest in thorium was mainly driven by a perception that uranium would be in short supply in future, and slow neutron thorium reactors were cheaper and simpler than fast neutron uranium reactors.</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\nHowever, huge new high grade supplies of uranium were found in a number of countries, causing uranium prices to fall and reducing interest in finding alternatives.</p>\n<p>\nWhile some R&amp;D continues on thorium fuel in a number of countries, the mainstream of development continues to be on uranium based fuel.</p>\n<p>\nSome countries with abundant thorium reserves though maintain a major interest in thorium, with India being the prime example.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\nIn the next episode we will describe small modular reactors.</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n\n\n',455,0,0,'CC-BY-SA','energy, nuclear, engineering',0,0,1),
(4620,'2026-04-17','The Second Doctor, Part 1',796,'We start a look at the Second Doctor Who, Patrick Troughton.','<p>This starts our look at the stories of the Second Doctor, portrayed by Patrick Troughton, during the 1960s.</p>\n\n<h1 class=\"entry-title\">The Second Doctor, Part 1</h1>\n										\n<p><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Troughton\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Troughton\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Patrick Troughton</a> is the reason we are still talking about Doctor Who all these years later. He took over the lead role in a popular and successful show and continued the success. It might have been a disaster, but it wasn’t. And Troughton did not attempt to be another Hartnell, he had his own distinct way of playing the part. He established the principle that the personality of the Doctor changes when he (or she) regenerates. This made it much easier on all the actors who followed him in the role, and each one has been very distinctive in how they embodied the Doctor. Sadly, many of his episodes, and some complete stories, are missing now due to the short-sighted policy of the BBC the discard older shows, in many cases wiping video tapes for reuse. Of course, you can’t blame them <em>too</em> much since I doubt anyone in the 1960s would have believed that the show would still be going over 60 years later. But there is always hope that some more episodes will be recovered. There are people who collect old TV shows in various formats such as film and video tape, and it is virtually certain that some missing Doctor Who episodes still exist in private collectors’ hands, though how many is not known.</p>\n\n\n\n<p>To take the place of the missing episodes we have reconstructions using <em>telesnaps</em> (photos taken of the monitor screen), animations, and for a few Troughton stories fans have re-staged the stories as stage plays. So there are ways to experience at least a little of these missing episodes. And even as I write this there are indications that more episodes may be found and returned to the BBC .</p>\n\n\n\n<p>Troughton took over in the third story of Season 4, which aired in late 1966.</p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"power-daleks\"><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Power_of_the_Daleks\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Power_of_the_Daleks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Power of the Daleks</a></h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This is the first story for Patrick Troughton as the Doctor, and starting with the Daleks was a smart move. They were so popular that they guaranteed a good audience and would get Troughton off to a good start. The TARDIS lands on a planet called Vulcan, where a scientist has found a derelict ship containing a few Daleks. He thinks he can bring them back to life, and won’t listen to the Doctor who tries to warn him. Meanwhile, rebels on Vulcan are trying to overthrow the government there. In the end, the scientist sacrifices himself to help stop the Daleks, the rebels succeed in overthrowing the fascist dictator, and all is well. For now. Ben and Polly are along as the companions continuing their stay on the TARDIS after starting with the First Doctor in the War Machines</p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is one of the completely missing stories, but there is an animated version which is available on DVD, or you can watch it on <a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gX1DN7yHneA\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gX1DN7yHneA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">YouTube</a>. </p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"highlanders\"><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Highlanders_(Doctor_Who)\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Highlanders_(Doctor_Who)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Highlanders</a></h2>\n\n\n\n<p>And another historical story, taking us to the Battle of Culloden in 1746, where the last gasp of the Jacobite rebellion was snuffed out by the English army. The TARDIS crew are first captured by the Scots, who are not kindly disposed to people who are obviously English. Then they are captured by the English, who have decided they are traitors and want to hang them. After various adventures, they get away, and bring with them a young Scottish lad named Jamie, who becomes the third member of the TARDIS team when he promises to teach the Doctor to play the bagpipes. An average historical story made memorable by the introduction of the next truly beloved companion, Jamie. He would stay with the Doctor all the way through the end of Troughton’s run, and is still in high demand as a guest at Doctor Who conventions around the world. He was not actually intended to be a companion at first. They had shot two endings, one where he joins the Doctor, and another where he is left in Scotland. They did decide to keep him, but in the  next few stories, for which the scripts had already been written, he is less central to the plot and sometimes get lines originally written for another character.</p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is another story where all of the episodes are missing, though there are reconstructions available.</p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"underwater\"><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Underwater_Menace\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Underwater_Menace\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Underwater Menace</a></h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The TARDIS team arrives on an island formed by an extinct volcano, where they are brought underground to a sunken city. They are told that their arrival was foretold by the goddess of the city, and that they would be sacrificed. They are rescued by a scientist known to the doctor, but it turns out he has gone quite mad. The city is Atlantis, and he says he will raise it, but his plan involves blowing up everything with nuclear bombs. The underwater scenes of swimming ladies are quite hilarious, but it is an inventive little story. The scene of the mad scientist raging as he disappears under the water is pretty good too, in a campy way.</p>\n\n\n\n<p>Early in Patrick Troughton’s run as The Doctor the show dropped much of the history and focused more on monsters and SF to compete with shows like&nbsp;<em>Lost in Space</em>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<em>Land of the Giant</em>s.</p>\n\n\n\n<p>This story is missing two of the 4 episodes, but reconstructions exist for the two missing episodes.</p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"moonbase\"><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Moonbase\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Moonbase\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Moonbase</a></h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Cybermen are back, and this time they are attacking a base on the Moon. They have been infiltrating the base through a hole in a basement wall, which is where you scratch your head and wonder why the air doesn’t all leak out through this hole. And since the Cybermen are still significantly organic, how are they breathing in vacuum? Still, the Doctor puts the emphasis on science as the way to defeat them. The return of the Cybermen was sufficiently popular for them to become the acknowledged second best enemy of the Doctor, after the Daleks, of course. And as such they would come back again in several of the Troughton’s stories, and continued up to the present to be featured in Doctor Who.</p>\n\n\n\n<p>This story is also missing two of its episodes, but they have been animated so you can get a decent experience of the story now. And there is at least one decent jump scare here.</p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"macra\"><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Macra_Terror\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Macra_Terror\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Macra Terror</a></h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Macra made an appearance in the David Tennant story Gridlock, but this is where they began. The TARDIS materializes on a planet where a colony seems very happy, except for one malcontent who claims he has seen huge crab-like beings at night. Then the Doctor sees them as well, but no one else seems to notice them. It turns out these creatures are good at conditioning people to not see them, and to believe what they are told to believe. Ben ends up brainwashed by them, though the others escape this. And the colony is busily engaged in producing some kind of gas, and this turns out to be essential to the Macra. Oxygen is poisonous to them, they need the gas. Finally Ben breaks his conditioning and rescues the others, and the Macra are defeated. Why they reappeared in Gridlock was never clear to me, it looked like an Easter Egg for long-time fans that was never explained or justified.</p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is another story that is missing all of its episodes in original form, but an animated version has been released, and is available on DVD and on <a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=unipaGm8Pbo\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=unipaGm8Pbo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">YouTube</a>.</p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"faceless\"><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Faceless_Ones\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Faceless_Ones\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Faceless Ones</a></h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This is a very good, inventive story that purports to take place at Gatwick Airport, though it is of course not really shot there, but at a smaller place nearby. The TARDIS materializes there, and the first problem is that none of them have passports! This is the only thing matters to the immigration people at the airport. Meanwhile, something puzzling is going on with a company called Chameleon Tours. One young lady, played by Pauline Collins, is trying to find out what happened to her brother, who went on a tour with them, sent a postcard, and then vanished. It turns out that the folks running Chameleon Tours are an alien race of Shape-shifters, hence the “Faceless Ones”, who are kidnapping people to help repopulate their planet. The obvious plot hole is that this would involve repopulating with people, not Chamelelons, but never let that get in the way of what is otherwise a nice romp full of action and suspense. The production team was hoping to get Collins as a companion, but she turned them down. At the end, Ben and Polly take advantage of the fact they are on Earth at the proper time, and decide to leave the TARDIS and get on with their lives. So now only Jamie is left. I bet that won’t be true for long.</p>\n\n\n\n<p>For this story 4 of the 6 episodes are missing, but again this is a story that got the complete animation treatment. You can purchase the DVD, or watch it on <a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ovSHAcu7g4A\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ovSHAcu7g4A\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">YouTube</a>.</p>\n\n\n<h3 id=\"links-\">Links:</h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Troughton\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Troughton</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Power_of_the_Daleks\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Power_of_the_Daleks</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gX1DN7yHneA\">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gX1DN7yHneA</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Highlanders_(Doctor_Who)\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Highlanders_(Doctor_Who)</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Underwater_Menace\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Underwater_Menace</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Moonbase\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Moonbase</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Macra_Terror\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Macra_Terror</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=unipaGm8Pbo\">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=unipaGm8Pbo</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Faceless_Ones\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Faceless_Ones</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ovSHAcu7g4A\">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ovSHAcu7g4A</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.palain.com/science-fiction/intro-to-doctor-who/the-second-doctor-part-1/\">https://www.palain.com/science-fiction/intro-to-doctor-who/the-second-doctor-part-1/</a></li>\n</ul>\n\n\n\n\n',198,124,0,'CC-BY-SA','Science fiction, Doctor Who, Patrick Troughton',0,0,1),
(4630,'2026-05-01','Playing Civilization V, Part 11',787,'We finish our look at the game mechanics of Civilization V.','<p>In our final look at the game mechanics for Civilization V we look at all of the players and their unique attributes. This helps you to see that certain Empires can be better suited for particular victory strategies.</p>\n<h1 >Playing Civilization V, Part 11</h1>\n<h2 >The Players</h2>\n<p>By the time you got to the last expansion and all of the DLC, there are 43 possible Empires you can play as. But they are not all alike. Each Empire has a particular Leader, a Unique Ability, and a Unique Unit. In addition most of them have some kind of Starting Bias, and many have a Unique Building or a Unique Improvement. Understanding how to make use of these is important to your strategy. If you let random chance assign you to an Empire, you need to know what kind of strategy will work with that Empire. And if you want to pursue a particular strategy you will want to know how to pick an appropriate Empire to fit strategy. There is a chart that lists all 43 Empires with all of their parameters at the <a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Civilizations_(Civ5)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Civilization Fandom Wiki</a> and you might want to bookmark that page for future reference. Also, you want to know what to expect concerning your opponents in a game.</p>\n<h3 >Leader</h3>\n<p>You don’t have a choice of leaders. When you choose a particular Empire you get the Leader that comes with it. But these leaders are distinct in various ways. To see what I mean, go to the Leader page for one by clicking on the link under the Leader picture. You will see a long list of AI Traits. These describe in numerical terms how competitive the Leader is various ways, how prone to war, which kinds of units it will build, and so on. It is a long list, so your eyes may glaze over, but the significance is that it may give you some insight if this Leader is one of your opponents in a game. This list is how the AI is programmed. There is also more approachable summary under Personality and Behavior, and here is what it says about Pedro II of Brazil:</p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>“Pedro will most commonly try for a cultural victory. If he pursues a different victory condition, he is likely to choose a diplomatic one over a scientific or domination victory.</p>\n<p>Pedro is exceptionally friendly and loyal, and will readily befriend anyone but the most warlike leaders. He is more willing to denounce than to wage war himself, but will maintain a defensive militia comprised of a variety of units. He also has a habit of building a fairly large navy.</p>\n<p>Fittingly, Pedro’s highest priority is the <a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Happiness_(Civ5)\"></a> Happiness of his people, followed by the development of his lands and <a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Culture_(Civ5)\"></a> Cultur<a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Culture_(Civ5)\">e</a>. He will not claim a large territory, but his cities will be highly populated and the land and water around them will be full of improvements. He will sometimes try to build wonders that enhance his <a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Culture_(Civ5)\"></a> Culture and <a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Tourism_(Civ5)\"></a> Tourism output.</p>\n<p>Pedro is friendly toward city-states in his sphere of influence and will often pledge to protect them. He will hardly ever attack or bully them.”</p>\n</blockquote>\n<p>Now, the point is that this describes your AI opponent. If you choose to play as Pedro II of Brazil, you can make entirely different decisions from what the AI would do</p>\n<h3 >Starting Bias</h3>\n<p>Each Empire will spawn on the map in ways that reflect their Starting Bias, if any.  Some Empires (e.g. China, France, etc.) have no Starting Bias at all, which means they can spawn anywhere on the map, though there is programming to ensure that the location is not a disaster, like all Tundra and Ice, or the middle of the ocean. So it will certainly be playable. Still some players like to try 2,3, or 4 times to spawn to see if they can get a good place to start.. For the Empires with a Starting Bias, it can be either positive or negative. For example, the Mongolian Empire has a bias towards starting on plains, which makes sense historically since they came from the plains of Central Asia. The Russian Empire has a bias to start in Tundra, which again seems to fit. The Songhai Empire has a negative Starting Bias, which is to avoid Tundra. The Songhai Empire historically was an empire in sub-Saharan Africa, so this makes sense. And the Siamese Empire avoids Forests. The Roman and Shoshone Empires have no Starting Bias at all, so they could spawn anywhere. This Starting Bias will apply to whichever Empire you choose to play, so if you would prefer to not play with a lot of Tundra, you would de well to not choose Russia. But Russia can do more with Tundra than some other Empire might, so it all balances out.</p>\n<h3 >Unique Ability</h3>\n<p>Generally speaking each Empire will have a Unique Ability. For example, the Austrian Empire has the Unique Ability called Diplomatic Marriage, which allows them to spend Gold to annex or puppet any City-State that they have been allied to for at least 5 turns. If the City-State is annexed, it becomes part of the Austrian Empire, but if it is puppeted the City-State technically remains separate but is under the control in some ways of the Austrian Empire. India has a Unique Ability called Population Growth. This doubles the unhappiness caused by more cities, but reduces by 50% the unhappiness caused by increased population. So if you were playing India it is even more important to build Tall rather than Wide.</p>\n<h3 >Unique Units</h3>\n<p>Every Empire has at least one, and sometimes two Unique Units. These units replace a normal unit, but are a little better in some respect. They are worth having, but some are more useful than others. And a key factor is when they are available to you. For example, the Celtic Empire gets the Pictish Warrior, which replaces the Spearman. Since the Spearman is generally the first unit you learn to build, it comes very early in the game. So if you were interested in a strategy of early warfare, this might matter to you. The Pictish Warrior is actually weaker than the Spearman in one respect, though, in that it gets no bonus against mounted units. So if you are the Celts, and you are facing the Mongols, you will have a problem. But the Pictish Warrior can pillage without any movement cost. Normally when you use a unit to pillage it ends your turn, but the Pictish Warrior could pillage and then move if it still had movement left. And the Pictish Warrior also has the Foreign Lands Bonus, which gives it a 20% bonus when fighting outside of Celtic territory. And finally the Pictish Warrior gets a Faith bonus when it kills an enemy unit, equal to 50% of the killed unit’s strength.</p>\n<p>The American Empire is one that has 2 Unique Units. One is the B-17 bomber, which replaces the regular Bomber. It comes with 2 promotions (Siege I, and Evasion), and is slightly stronger (70 vs. 65). The problem with this is that it comes so late in the game that it is hard to see what good it will do you. If you are pursuing a Domination strategy you should have already gone most of the way to conquering the world before you actually get the B17. The other Unique Unit the Americans get is the Minuteman, which replaces the Musketman. It comes with a Drill I Promotion, ignores Terrain restrictions, and earns points towards a Golden Age. This is more useful than the B17, but not useful enough to push you towards a Domination victory. But since you need good units for any strategy, if only for defense, it is worth having. Personally, if I was playing as the Americans I would rather go for a Science victory.</p>\n<h3 >Unique Buildings/Improvements</h3>\n<p>The last parameter for these Empires is the possible Unique Building or Unique Improvement. Some Empires, such as the Byzantines or the Japanese, do not have one, but they can be useful. For example, the Portuguese Empire has a unique building called the Feitoria which has the interesting property of being built outside of Portugal’s territory. The Feitoria, which becomes available once you discover Navigation, can be built  in the territory of a Coastal City-State on a Coastal Land tile that has no resources on it. It has three properties:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Portugal gets one copy of each Luxury Resource the City-State has. This is great for either increasing Happiness or as something that can be traded with other Empires.</li>\n<li>+50% defensive strength for any combat units on the tile.</li>\n<li>Pillaging the Freitoria constitutes an Act of War against Portugal, which means Portugal gets no penalties for going to war.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Another example is the Dutch Polder, which can be built on any Marsh or Flood Plain tile. It gives +3 Food, and once you discover Economics it will also yield +1 Production and +1 Gold.</p>\n<h3 >Summary</h3>\n<p>Studying the chart of the Empires can help you in picking strategies for the Empire you are playing, or help you to pick an Empire that is well suited to the strategy you want to try. And knowing how the AI is programmed for other Empires helps you to know what to expect in your game. But here are some suggestions. Note that you can win with any Civ, but these are ones that lend themselves to a particular strategy. That said, I usually let the game give me a random choice and then formulate my strategy when I see what I get.</p>\n<h4 >Domination</h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Germany</li>\n<li>Japan</li>\n<li>Rome</li>\n<li>Songhai</li>\n<li>Mongols</li>\n</ul>\n<h4 >Science</h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Babylon</li>\n<li>Korea</li>\n<li>Poland</li>\n<li>America</li>\n</ul>\n<h4 >Culture</h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Brazil</li>\n<li>Polynesia</li>\n<li>Poland</li>\n<li>France</li>\n</ul>\n<h4 >Diplomatic</h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Greece</li>\n<li>Arabia</li>\n<li>Portugal</li>\n</ul>\n\n\n<h3 id=\"links-\">Links:</h3>\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Civilizations_(Civ5\">https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Civilizations_(Civ5</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.palain.com/gaming/civilization-v/playing-civilization-v-part-11/\">https://www.palain.com/gaming/civilization-v/playing-civilization-v-part-11/</a></li>\n</ul>\n\n',198,122,0,'CC-BY-SA','Computer games, strategy games, Civilization V, Empires, Unique attributes',0,0,1),
(4640,'2026-05-15','Robert A. Heinlein',648,'An introduction to Robert A. Heinlein','<h1>Robert A. Heinlein</h1>						\n<p>Robert A. Heinlein was the author who many people claim kicked off the Golden Age, though that can be the subject of many a barroom argument. E.E. “Doc” Smith was already an established writer by this time, and A.E. van Vogt was contemporaneous with Heinlein. But Heinlein managed to outshine everyone in very short order. He was widely known as “The Dean of Science Fiction Writers,” which testifies to his stature in the community, and along with Arthur C. Clarke and Isaac Asimov he was one of the Big Three of the Golden Age. He was the first person to be named a Science Fiction Grand Master in 1974. Four of his novels won Hugo Awards (<em>Double Star</em>, <em>Starship Troopers</em>, <em>Stranger in a Strange Land</em>, and <em>The Moon is a Harsh Mistress</em>), and 7 more works were given Retro-Hugo awards, which are awarded for works that were written before the Hugos were established. He also had many more works nominated for both awards, as well as many other awards like Nebula Awards. In short, he was a big deal to the science fiction community at large, and to me personally. I was, for a short time, managing the web site for The Heinlein Society, and I have read every work of his that I am aware of.</p>\n<h2>Heinlein Background</h2>\n<p>Robert Anson Heinlein was born in 1907 in Butler, Missouri, and grew up in Kansas City, Missouri, which he described as the middle of the Bible Belt, and this background is reflected in some of his stories, particularly the later ones. His family tradition had it that the Heinlein’s had fought in every American war beginning with the War of Independence, and Robert and his brothers all joined the armed forces. Robert lied about his age when he was 16 in order to enlist in the Missouri National Guard, and a few years later obtained an appointment to the Naval Academy, graduating in 1929 with the equivalent of a bachelors degree in engineering (the Naval Academy did not award degrees at the time). His engineering background is very apparent in his writings. He served on several ships, rising to the rank of Lieutenant, before being discharged in 1934 due to pulmonary tuberculosis. It seems likely that if he did not contract this illness he would have continued his career in the Navy, and with World War II coming, well, who knows what might have happened. But he did get ill, and had to find things to do. He notably got involved with Upton Sinclair’s socialist organization EPIC (End Poverty in California). He ran for office unsuccessfully, running as a left-Democrat in a conservative district. And while he had a disability pension from the Navy, he turned to writing to pay off his mortgage.</p>\n<h2>Heinlein’s Writing</h2>\n<p>Heinlein was originally known as a “hard” science fiction writer, meaning one who puts plausible and accurate science at the heart of the story. But looking at his entire career, he was equally comfortable writing fantasy, though not the faux medieval kind that many writers. In fact, he coined the term “speculative fiction” to describe the kind of stories he wrote. And if he wanted to he was quite capable of mixing the hard science and the fantasy, particularly in his later novels. And his output was very substantial. Asimov wrote more than Heinlein, but Heinlein stuck to fiction, while Asimov wrote in a variety of fields, so Heinlein’s output in the general area of science fiction/fantasy is the greater. And he is known for works of all lengths from short stories to novels. A useful guide to his works is the book <a href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Robert-Heinlein-Readers-Companion/dp/0967987407\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://www.amazon.com/Robert-Heinlein-Readers-Companion/dp/0967987407\"><em>Robert A. Heinlein: A Reader’s Companion</em>, by James Gifford</a>. This book covers all of his science fiction/fantasy works known as of 2000, and gives additional information about the writing and circumstances of the stories. But in 2003 an early work was discovered and published. It was a novel called <em><a href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Us-Living-Comedy-Customs/dp/074325998X/ref=tmm_hrd_swatch_0\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://www.amazon.com/Us-Living-Comedy-Customs/dp/074325998X/ref=tmm_hrd_swatch_0\">For Us The Living</a></em>, and while you can see the germ of Heinlein’s style in this novel, it is also a very early work written in 1938 and is not one of his best. He would get a lot better than this. In any case, it was not published at the time, and is mostly of interest to Heinlein superfans or scholars.</p>\n<p>Heinlein got his real start in 1939 with a short story called <em>Life-line</em>, which was published in John W. Campbell’s <em>Astounding</em> magazine. Isaac Asimov had published a few stories by this time, and his first for John W. Campbell’s <em>Astounding</em> was in the previous month, July 1939, so as you can see this was a very fertile time in the development of the genre. Heinlein’s story was about a scientist who developed a technology to predict a person’s time of death. This totally threatens the insurance industry, and one of the CEO’s put out hit on the scientist, which he of course already knows about having tested himself. This is not the best short story, but it was quite competent, and John W. Campbell immediately asked for more.</p>\n<p>More short stories followed. In the November 1939 issue of Astounding the story<em> Misfit</em> appeared. It introduces the character of Andrew Jackson “Slipstick” Libby, a young man with little education but a great ability to do mathematics in his head. And his ability turns out to be just what is needed during a construction project in space when things go wrong. And in 1940 he had 9 more stories published. And at this point he faced a problem. He was becoming so prolific that for a number of reasons he had to employ pseudonyms for some of his stories. One reason was that he couldn’t have too many stories in one magazine in his name, it made the editor look bad. In any case all of the stories are now published under Heinlein’s name. And of the 9 stories, 6 were either nominated for or won Retro Hugo awards, and several also won Prometheus Hall of Fame Awards, for the best libertarian or anti-authoritarian works. So you can see that his was a talent that exploded on the scene, so that you could legitimately divide the science fiction history into pre-Heinlein and post-Heinlein periods.</p>\n<p>11 more stories of various lengths followed in 1941, and 5 in 1942. There were mostly short stories, but a few novellas and novelettes appeared. But he was really a short fiction writer at this time, and there are some extraordinary stories in this group. He was the most successful writer of speculative fiction of the time, and passed along some advice to anyone who wanted to be a successful writer.</p>\n<h2>Heinlein’s Rules of Writing</h2>\n<p>Because he was so successful, it should come as no surprise that aspiring writers frequently wrote to him for advice, and in response he formulated his Rules of Writing. This is taken from his <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Writing_of_Speculative_Fiction\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Writing_of_Speculative_Fiction\">On The Writing of Speculative Fiction</a> :</p>\n<ol>\n<li>You must write.</li>\n<li>Finish what you start.</li>\n<li>You must refrain from rewriting, except to editorial order.</li>\n<li>You must put your story on the market.</li>\n<li>You must keep it on the market until it has sold.</li>\n</ol>\n<p>He goes on to say in this article : “The above five rules really have more to do with how to write speculative fiction than anything said above them. But they are amazingly hard to follow—which is why there are so few professional writers and so many aspirants, and which is why I am not afraid to give away the racket!”</p>\n<p>This is very good advice, but as Heinlein points out his rules are indeed hard to follow. For example, Rule #1: You must write. Many people want to be a writer, but not as many really want to write, and there is a very distinct difference. Just as many people want to be a rock star, but don’t want to spend years dead broke playing in dive bars to get there.</p>\n<p>But it is also fair to point out that Heinlein was a rare talent, and I doubt if simply following his rules would make anyone else a similar success. They are good rules, no doubt, but Heinlein was already very familiar with and well-read in the field before he started writing. </p>\n<p>That finishes this particular exploration of where Heinlein came from and how be began his career. And since it all started with short fiction, I next want to focus on that. beginning with his Future History.</p>\n<p>This starts our look at the works of Robert A. Heinlein, the third of the Big Three authors of the Golden Age.</p>\n<h3 id=\"links\">Links:</h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Robert-Heinlein-Readers-Companion/dp/0967987407\">https://www.amazon.com/Robert-Heinlein-Readers-Companion/dp/0967987407</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Us-Living-Comedy-Customs/dp/074325998X/ref=tmm_hrd_swatch_0\">https://www.amazon.com/Us-Living-Comedy-Customs/dp/074325998X/ref=tmm_hrd_swatch_0</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Writing_of_Speculative_Fiction\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Writing_of_Speculative_Fiction</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.palain.com/science-fiction/the-golden-age/robert-a-heinlein/\">https://www.palain.com/science-fiction/the-golden-age/robert-a-heinlein/</a></li>\n</ul>',198,124,0,'CC-BY-SA','Science fiction, Heinlein',0,0,1),
(4650,'2026-05-29','Playing Civilization V, Part 12',870,'We begin a sample game of Civilization V.','<p>In our sample game we look at playing as Austria and aiming for a Diplomatic Victory. And our focus is on puppeting Citty-States, but be I misunderstood and instead of making a Diplomatic Victory easier, it makes it harder. I still managed to get my Diplomatic Victory, but a Science or Domination Victory would definitely have been easier in this scenario.</p>\n<h1 class=\"entry-title\">Playing Civilization V, Part 12</h1>\n<h2 >A Diplomatic Victory Strategy</h2>\n\n<p>Civilization V introduced a new Victory type and I thought it might be fun to try this strategy for a sample game to see broadly how this would work. I decided I would play as Austria on Prince level, which means that all players are equal and no one is favored. For my map I chose Fractal, Map Size = Standard, Game speed = Standard. My only Advanced Option was Quick Combat, because I didn’t need to see that drawn out, particularly since I plan to avoid combat as much as necessary. My leader is Maria Theresa, and her Austria has a unique ability called Diplomatic Marriage. This allows us to either Annex or Puppet any city-state that has been allied to us for 5 turns with the proper expenditure of Gold. My plan was to use this to Puppet the city-states to control their votes for the Diplomatic Victory, but that was a misunderstanding. I actually implemented one of the hardest ways to win a Diplomatic Victory. But that is what I did. Now to get them to ally with me the most effective way to do this is with cash and lots of it, and of course even more cash to actually effect to Puppeting of them. So my overriding objective in this game is to amass a large Treasury. But of course I cannot ignore my military either, since a weak military invites attacks form greedy neighbors. And I may need to “liberate” the occasional city-state if another player conquers them. Austria also has a Unique Unit, the Hussar, which replaces the Cavalry unit. It can move after attacking, has a flanking bonus, and has one extra movement. And the Unique Building is the Coffee House, which increases the generation of Great People in the city by 25%. So you can expect me to build these in every city as well.</p>\n\n<p>With that in mind, I started the game and settled in place, I had Mountains nearby, but also Sheep and Silver within my city, so some useful resources. I immediately started to produce a Scout as my first unit, and sent my Warrior out to explore. In the very early stage I focus on exploring the surrounding area and finding any Goody Huts, i.e. Ruins. My initial city site is not exactly ideal, as it is all hilly with Jungle nearby. After building my two Scouts, my next priority was to build a Worker unit to increase the productivity of my city. And for my first social policy I unlocked Tradition. When I got my second policy I picked Oligarchy, and plan to complete all of the Tradition tree. I cleared out a Barbarian encampment, and then discovered my first City-state, Vilnius. Then I needed to clear out another Barbarian encampment that was blocking me from finishing my exploration. Meanwhile I am focusing on getting techs for sailing the ocean blue, because that is how I plan to get trade routes, discover City-states I can puppet, and so on.</p>\n\n<p>Because money is key to my strategy I made a beeline for Currency in the my Science research. And while headed there I completed the Tradition tree. When I can get there I will work on the Commerce tree to maximize my cash, but until then the Patronage tree will let me improve my City-state relations, which is important for improving my relationships with City-states. After all, you need to be allies with them for 5 turns before you can puppet them. I now have three cities, and can probably squeeze out a few more, which should be sufficient to my needs. </p>\n\n<p>At Turn 141 I have 6 cities, which is all I will build in this game. I now have the technology to build Workshops, which are the first productivity boosters available, so I set all my cities to building them. For Research my immediate object was to get to Compass so I could build the Galleass, which would let me do more ocean exploration. But to go into deep Ocean I will need to go further to get Astronomy, which will let me build the Caravel which can enter deep ocean.  Once I got that I switched to Banking, not just for the money, but as a prerequisite to building the Forbidden Palace, which grants two additional delegates in the World Congress/United Nations. When I get Banking I’ll go back to Astronomy, and then Navigation, to advance my seagoing capabilities.</p>\n\n<p>By Turn 216 I had gotten Banking and started on the Forbidden Palace. And by luck, just as I got started I got a Great Engineer. I am holding him in reserve in case I need to hurry production, since Great Engineers are the only way to do that in Civ 5. I also picked up Astronomy, which will let me build Caravels to explore the whole ocean. My next research priority will be Gunpowder since it is time to beef up my defenses.</p>\n\n<p>At Turn 240 my Caravels started to come out, and I found several new City-States. And since my Treasury is healthy (I started with 6,000 gold, and I’m bringing in 100 each turn), I began the process of puppeting the City-states. </p>\n\n<h2 >Puppeting City-states as Austria</h2>\n\n<p>Let’s look at this in detail since it is important. The requirements are 2 things:</p>\n\n<ul >\n<li>Be allied with the City-state for 5 consecutive turns</li>\n\n<li>Have the cash needed. This amount is not too much early on, but it rises over time.</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>So, how do you become allies with a City-state? There are a number of things you can do to improve your relationship. You can take on a quest that a City-state has published, which can be things like “Find another Natural Wonder” or “Create a Great Admiral”. These quests pop up continuously throughout the game, and you are free to ignore them, but fulfilling one will improve your relationship. Trade will also improve your relationship, so in this game all of my Trade routes were made with City-states. If you are in a position to have a successful war, you can find a former City-state that was conquered by one of the other Empires, liberate it, and then it will be your ally for the rest of the game. Giving them presents is how I usually do it, though. You can give them units or money. If your purpose is to get allies, money works best. But I do gift units in 2 circumstances. First, if I have obsolete units, giving them away might be better then deleting them. Second, if a City-state is under attack by another Empire. Gifting them units might help them hold out and make life difficult for a rival.</p>\n\n<p>The place where all of this is done is the City-state screen which opens up when you click on the bar above the City-state, which is where you handle all of your relationships. At the top of this screen you see your current status, which more often than not will be Neutral, which is how all City-state relationships start out. But you can get them angry by, for instance, moving a unit of your into their territory. If you only do it once, and give them time to get over it, they will go back to Neutral. You can also improve the relationship by pledging to protect them, but be careful. If they get attacked and you do not try to protect them, they will get very angry. Giving a gift opens a pop-up to say what kind of gift: 250 gold, 500 gold, 1000 gold, or a Unit. Note that a Unit is only worth 5 influence points, while 250 Gold is worth 20, so as I said Money is more powerful if your aim is to improve your status with them.</p>\n\n<p>So at Turn 242 I found the City-state of Singapore, and it appears that I was the first Empire to find them. So I immediately pledged to protect them. My Influence with them was 20, which is Neutral. We just met, and that is where things stand on first meeting. The be Friends you need to get to 30, and to be allies you need to get to 60. When I clicked Next Turn, I got a Quest from Singapore. They were worried about a Barbarian Encampment nearby, and if I cleared it out I would get additional influence with them. In this case, though, I let that go by. I want to move more quickly, and Singapore is across the Ocean from me. My influence with them at this point was 21, so only a modest increase. But I have 6038 Gold in my Treasury, and I am bringing in 102 per turn. So let’s see what a gift of 500 Gold will do. It brings me to 65 influence, so we are now Allies. But when I mouse-over Singapore, the pop-up window reminds me that my Influence will decrease by 1.12 per turn. For an Empire other than Austria this would mean a regular infusion of cash to keep up your status. And I have won Diplomatic victories with other Empires by saving up a lot of cash and dumping it on City-states just before the United Nations vote. </p>\n\n<p>But for Austria you have special ability called Diplomatic Marriage that lets you turn the City-state into a Puppet, and that is permanent. But it also presents some obstacles as we will see. We are allies now, but my influence will drop by 1 each turn, and I might lose my allyship before I can puppet them. But I can gift a unit and get another 5, and I happen to have a very obsolete Warrior unit that will serve the purpose. However, it takes three turns for the Unit to arrive, so I lose few more points.  At Turn 247 I can now use the diplomatic Marriage option to make a puppet of Singapore. Prior to doing this I was fourth in score with 604, while the leader had 729. My Happiness Level was +25, and I now had 5833 Gold in my Treasury. Then I made Singapore a puppet, and now I am third in the game with a score of 664. My Treasury has fallen to 5258, which means it cost me 575 Gold. But most significant is that my Happiness fell from +25 to +9, which is a huge loss. I have enough gold to puppet 4-5 more City-states at this time but if I did I would have rebellions breaking out and my Empire would eventually collapse. </p>\n\n<p>This is the obstacle that Austria has to face. We need to promote Happiness before we go much further with making puppets. Civ is always a game of balances.</p>\n<h3 id=\"links\">Links</h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/City-state_(Civ5\">https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/City-state_(Civ5</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Austrian_(Civ5\">https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Austrian_(Civ5</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.palain.com/gaming/civilization-v/playing-civilization-v-part-12/\">https://www.palain.com/gaming/civilization-v/playing-civilization-v-part-12/</a></li>\n</ul>\n',198,122,0,'CC-BY-SA','Computer games, strategy games, Civilization V, sample game, Diplomatic Victory',0,0,1),
(4660,'2026-06-12','Robert A. Heinlein: The Future History, Part 1',837,'We start looking at the works of Robert A. Heinlein.','\n<p>In his early days as a writer, Heinlein wrote his stories in the context of a shared universe that he called the Future History. These were mostly short stories at first, with hte occasional novella. But they inclode some great stories.</p>\n\n<h1>The Future History, Part 1</h1>\n\n<p>One thing Heinlein became well known for was his Future History. This placed many of his stories in a common framework of a future environment, and allowed events from one story to influence events in other stories. Here is what he had to say about it, in a post I found on the Heinlein Society Facebook site:</p>\n\n<blockquote>\n<p>“I never “created” or “invented” a “Future History.” On April Fool’s Day 1939 I started to write commercially; by the middle of August I had written 8 shorts &amp; a serial. As 5 of these items were more or less to the same fictional background, I found that I was continually having to check back to keep from tripping over my own feet.</p>\n\n<p>So I took an old navigation chart, about 3×4 feet, turned it over, made the time scale vertical, then set up 5 columns: stories, characters, technical data, sociological, remarks. Then I checked those first 5 stories, filled data into proper columns at the proper height for the fictional date—and continued to do this with other stories later. The chart was on the righthand wall near my elbow and was unusually messy as I never took the chart down to add to it—just reached over and scrawled on it.”</p>\n\n<p>Source: <a href=\"https://www.facebook.com/HeinleinSociety/posts/i-never-created-or-invented-a-future-history-on-april-fools-day-1939-i-started-t/1092968002874634/\">https://www.facebook.com/HeinleinSociety/posts/i-never-created-or-invented-a-future-history-on-april-fools-day-1939-i-started-t/1092968002874634/</a></p>\n</blockquote>\n\n<p>One thing that became clear as his Future History developed is that he was not looking at <em>our</em> future exactly. He was very clear in his mind that he was writing fiction, and not issuing prophecies. If you are reading it today, it is best to think of this as a kind of alternate timeline, and this is something that holds true through a lot of his work. Even in his later novels, which were never formally part of his Future History, he would mention events from that past group of works, which may implicitly incorporate them. But this is an area where scholars are in disagreement as to which if the later novels, if any, should be incorporated. And there were unwritten stories that appeared on the chart that would have given further background to the stories that were written. They were stories Heinlein seems to have intended to write at some point, but never got around to writing. You can get more information about this in his book <em>Revolt in 2100</em>.</p>\n\n<p>The Future History stories were initially collected primarily in three books: <em><a href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Man-Who-Sold-Moon/dp/0671578634\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://www.amazon.com/Man-Who-Sold-Moon/dp/0671578634\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Man Who Sold the Moon (1950)</a></em>, <em><a href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Green-Hills-Earth-Robert-Heinlein/dp/0671578537\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://www.amazon.com/Green-Hills-Earth-Robert-Heinlein/dp/0671578537\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Green Hills of Earth (1951)</a></em>, and <em><a href=\"https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0011GBTKM/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0011GBTKM/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Revolt in 2100 (1953)</a></em>. Each of them fleshes out this hypothetical world in different ways. The first one, <em>The Man Who Sold The Moon</em>, introduces us to a businessman named D.D. Harriman, who is obsessed with going to the moon. But he thinks it should be done by private enterprise rather than by government. So he concocts a scheme to do this. He promotes a legal theory that the rights to the moon belong to the countries that it directly flies over, sort of like air rights taken to infinity. Then he uses the chaos of competing interests to throw this into the United Nations, and then gets the U.N. to give him the rights. He finally gets to launch a mission to set up a Moon base, but cannot join the expedition because the corporation considers him too valuable to risk. In a sequel story, <em>Requiem</em>, he does get to the moon just in time to die there. Heinlein was never above writing a tear-jerker.</p>\n\n<p>Of course, the book has other stories not linked to D.D. Harriman. Heinlein’s fist story, <em>Life-Line</em>, is also collected here. And his second story, <em>Let There Be Light</em>, anticipates the development of solar power panels, but similarly to Life-Line, this earns the enmity of corporate interest, in the form of the Power Syndicate. <em>The Roads Must Roll</em> postulates moving roadways in the future, but the story really is about the sociology of technology in the future. And <em>Blowups Happen</em>, originally from 1940, anticipates nuclear fission as a power source, but it proves to be dangerous. They claim that the craters on the moon were really caused by a series of explosions to reactors that wiped out an earlier civilization. So they move the reactor into space for safety. And this feeds back into The Man Who Sold The Moon when this reactor in space blows up. </p>\n\n<p>In these early stories we can already see that Heinlein has a complex view of society. In <em>Life-Line</em> and <em>Let There Be Light</em> corporate power is the villain of the story, and some of this also shows up in <em>Blowups Happen</em>. But in <em>The Man Who Sold The Moon</em> we see that private enterprise is preferred to government action. I think the way this can be reconciled is to see that Heinlein is always concerned with individual personal freedom and opposed to anything that might endanger that, whether from too much government or too powerful corporate interests.</p>\n\n<p><em>The Green Hills of Earth</em> contains the story of the same name, which concerns a former space engineer, Rhysling, now blinded by radiation and unemployable, who is also a poet. And one of his poems has that title. The crew of Apollo 15 named a crater on the moon “Rhysling”, and they planned to read a bit of it at the crater, but those trips could get very busy. Still, as they were getting ready to leave the moon there was this exchange. Note that Allen is the Capcom, and Scott and Jones are the astronauts :</p>\n\n<blockquote>\n<p>“Allen: As the space poet Rhysling (the blind poet in Robert Heinlein’s The Green Hills of Earth) would say, we’re ready for you to “come back again to the homes of men on the cool green hills of Earth.”</p>\n\n<p>[Scott – “That’s from the Green Hills of Earth. That’s one we talked about before the flight. Have you read that one?”] [Jones – “Oh, yeah! That was a favorite when I was a kid. Had you read it?”]</p>\n\n<p>[Scott – “Sure. (Quoting from memory):</p>\n\n<p><em>We pray for one last landing</em><br><em>on the globe that gave us birth</em><br><em>To rest our eyes on fleecy skies</em><br><em>and the cool green hills of Earth</em>.”</p>\n</blockquote>\n\n<p>Although two of the stories in this collection were older, from 1941, most of them are from 1948 and 1949. And there is a reason for that. On December 7, 1941, the United States found itself at war with Imperial Japan, and few days later Nazi Germany. Coming from a family that had fought in every American war you would expect Heinlein to get involved somehow. He could not enlist due to his medical retirement from the Navy, but since he had an engineering background so he became a civilian employee at the Philadelphia Navy Yard, where he was joined by fellow science fiction writers Isaac Asimov and L. Sprague de Camp. A nice retelling of this can be found at <em><a href=\"https://www.kirkusreviews.com/news-and-features/articles/asimov-de-camp-and-heinlein-naval-aviation-experim/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://www.kirkusreviews.com/news-and-features/articles/asimov-de-camp-and-heinlein-naval-aviation-experim/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Kirkus Reviews</a></em>, and Asimov also discusses this in his biography. The upshot is that there is a gap of about 5 years when Heinlein did not publish anything.</p>\n\n<p>It is also notable that Heinlein by this point had escaped from the pulp science fiction magazines and gotten published in what were called the “slicks’, so-called because the paper they were printed on was slick and higher quality than the pulps. His stories began to be published in places like <em>The Saturday Evening Post</em>, <em>Argosy Magazine</em>, and <em>Town &amp; Country</em>. And these outlets paid higher rates than the pulps, a significant matter for any writer. Heinlein always maintained that the only reason anyone would write was to make money.</p>\n\n<p>And the stories were getting to be quite good as well. <em>Delilah and the Space Rigger (1949)</em> tells the story of a woman who joins a construction crew on a space station and faces discrimination, but wins out in the end, which was pretty progressive for the time, but not atypical for Heinlein. <em>Space Jockey</em> is a fairly pedestrian story about a rocket pilot dealing with his every day life. But <em>The Long Watch</em> is an important story to Heinlein’s view of the important things in life. A young officer is assigned to duty on the lunar base, where there are nuclear weapons stored. His superiors want to stage a coup, using those weapons, which can threaten the Earth while being beyond the reach of retaliation. The young officer sacrifices himself to prevent their plot from succeeding, and becomes recognized in a death as a great hero. And this becomes part of the background to a later juvenile novel <em>Space Cadet</em>, as well as being referenced occasionally in other stories, so you can see that he regarded it as an important statement. <em>Gentlemen, Be Seated</em> is a cute little story about a man who saves people when a leak happens in a tunnel on the Moon by plugging the leak with his rear end. <em>The Black Pits of Luna</em> is little thing about a boy scout who is able to rescue his little brother, but it foreshadows the Juvenile novels he later wrote.</p>\n\n<p><em>It’s Great To Be Back!</em> is about a couple who have moved to the Moon, but continually find fault with the living arrangements. They finally decide to go back to Earth, but discover that it was not really the place they had remembered, and they then return to the Moon, which they now realize is home. <em>-We Also Walk Dogs</em> is a gem of a story concerning a company called General Services that basically does things for their clients. Their advertising slogan is “Want somebody murdered? Then DON’T call General Services. But for&nbsp;<em>anything else</em>, call…. It Pays!” They deal a few different problems in this story, but the main one is the development of anti-gravity, and it features a Chinese porcelain bowl. <em>Ordeal in Space</em> is about a spaceman who has an accident that gives him a fear of heights and washed him out of space. But he has to face his fear when he needs to rescue a kitten from the 35th floor. One thing about Heinlein is that he was a firm and devoted cat fancier, so it no accident that a kitten is the one that has to be rescued. And the final story, <em>Logic of Empire</em>, he discusses the development of slavery in the Venus colony as a natural consequence of machinery being expensive and humans being cheap. And in this story there is a background reference to Nehemiah Scudder, who will soon be important in the Future History.</p>\n\n<p>One of the things that is worthy of a brief discussion at this point is exemplified by the story <em>Logic of Empir</em>e, and that is the reference to the Venus colony. We now know that Venus can best be described as hellish, with crushing air pressure and temperatures high enough to melt metals. The best designed landers can last no more than minutes before being destroyed. But this was not known when Heinlein was writing these early stories. The prevailing view at that time was that Venus was shrouded in clouds because it was very wet and swampy, so that is what Heinlein went with. Similarly his Mars had canals and was inhabited. You just have to go with it in these stories, as you have to do with so much of Golden Age science Fiction, let alone pre-Golden Age.</p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"links-\">Links:</h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.facebook.com/HeinleinSociety/posts/i-never-created-or-invented-a-future-history-on-april-fools-day-1939-i-started-t/1092968002874634/\">https://www.facebook.com/HeinleinSociety/posts/i-never-created-or-invented-a-future-history-on-april-fools-day-1939-i-started-t/1092968002874634/</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Man-Who-Sold-Moon/dp/0671578634\">https://www.amazon.com/Man-Who-Sold-Moon/dp/0671578634</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Green-Hills-Earth-Robert-Heinlein/dp/0671578537\">https://www.amazon.com/Green-Hills-Earth-Robert-Heinlein/dp/0671578537</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0011GBTKM/\">https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0011GBTKM/</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.kirkusreviews.com/news-and-features/articles/asimov-de-camp-and-heinlein-naval-aviation-experim/\">https://www.kirkusreviews.com/news-and-features/articles/asimov-de-camp-and-heinlein-naval-aviation-experim/</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.palain.com/science-fiction/the-golden-age/robert-a-heinlein/the-future-history-part-1/\">https://www.palain.com/science-fiction/the-golden-age/robert-a-heinlein/the-future-history-part-1/</a></li>\n</ul>\n\n\n\n',198,124,0,'CC-BY-SA','Science fiction, Heinlein, Future History',0,0,1),
(4670,'2026-06-26','Playing Civilization V, Part 13',909,'We continue a sample game of Civilization V','<p>In our sample game we look at playing as Austria and aiming for a Diplomatic Victory. And our focus is on puppeting City-States, but I misunderstood and instead of making a Diplomatic Victory easier, it makes it harder. I still managed to get my Diplomatic Victory, but a Science or Domination Victory would definitely have been easier in this scenario.</p>\n\n<h1>Playing Civilization V, Part 13</h1>\n\n<h2>Playing for a Diplomatic Victory, Part 2</h2>\n\n<p>So, how do you solve a Happiness problem? For a full discussion, you can check out this section of the <a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Happiness_(Civ5)\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Happiness_(Civ5)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Civilization Wiki</a>. In Civilization V you have these options:</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li>Trade for luxuries – Luxury resources are the best way to get a quick hit of Happiness, and trade is the best way to do this quickly. But to trade you have to have met the other civ, so my drive to explore pays off here. Every luxury resource I can obtain adds +4 Global Happiness to my Empire. Note that only the first unit of the resources adds happiness. So if you have multiple copies of a luxury resource you should keep one and trade the others if you can.</li>\n\n<li>Buildings – Buildings like the Circus (+2), Colosseum (+2), Zoo (+2), and Stadium (+4) provide local happiness in the city that builds them. That still gets added to your total happiness number, but local happiness can never exceed the size of the population. So if you have a city with 5 population, building a Circus and a Colosseum might make sense, but building a Circus and a Stadium would not since 2 of the Happiness would not count. Buildings take longer than Trade deals, so if you need a quick hit start with trading for Luxuries.</li>\n\n<li>Wonders – Chichen Itza (+4), Notre Dame (+10), Taj Mahal (+4), Eiffel Tower (+5), Neuschwanstein (+1 for every Castle you have), Prora (+1, plus +1 for every 2 Social Policies you have adopted), and CN Tower (+1 per city). Wonders are even harder to build, and you may not get them since you are competing with other players. But there is a National Wonder worth getting, the Circus Maximus (+5)</li>\n\n<li>Social Policies – Every policy tree has policies that can add to Happiness or decrease Unhappiness, which is just as good.</li>\n\n<li>Natural Wonders – Each Natural Wonder grants +1 Global Happiness to each empire that has discovered it. So again exploration is key.</li>\n\n<li>Mercantile City States grant +3 Global Happiness to each Empire that is at least Friends with it.</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>So you have a lot of options here, and they are listed in order of how you should pursue them. Trading for Luxury Resources can be done quickly and provide an immediate boost, so you should be actively trading all along. Buildings and Wonders should definitely be pursued, but here you will probably be balancing demands for other investments as well. Natural Wonders are nice, but you need to explore the whole map to max that out. I was able to trade one of my Whales to Patchacuti for one of his Ivory, which helped push my happiness up. Then with Askia I traded one Spice for one Copper. I also made a small gift to the City-State of Manila to make them my ally. Once 5 turns have elapsed, I can take them over via Diplomatic Marriage. And I have started on Colosseums in several of my cities to push up my Happiness further.</p>\n\n<p>Meanwhile I continued my exporations, and became the first to discover all of the the other Empires in the game. This makes me the host for the World Council, which is good for one additional vote. I will keep exploring since there are probably some Natural Wonders out there worth finding yet. And indeed on the next turn I found Mount Fuji, pushing my Happiness to 24. Then I Puppeted Manilaa, and over a couple of turns it dropped to 18. But a Colosseum got built, and I found a Natural Wonder,so I am back to 21. I am not the leader in this game, and I think I can afford to Puppet another City-State. For now I am avoiding doing this to Mercantile City-States since they can add to my Happiness. But there’s lots of City-States in this game. I picked Kathmandu for my next target, but also dropped 250 on Ragusa to become Friends with them. You have to look to the future sometimes. I am currently pulling in 144 Gold per turn, so I can afford it.</p>\n\n<p>At turn 267 my Happiness was up to 30, but as soon as I puppeted Kathmandu it dropped to 22. This is why you need to manage your Happiness carefully. This pushed me another 100 points up on the Leader board, so I am in good shape. But with 22 Happiness, I can probably afford to start on puppeting Ragusa. At turn 272 I have 5766 Gold, and I am earninig 163 Gold per turn. My Happiness is at 27, so I am in good shape. I puppet Ragusa, and my Happiness falls to 18, but my status on the leader board goes up another 100 points, putting me 200 ahead of my nearest competitor. But a few turns later and my Happiness is back up to 24, so I am starting the process to puppet Bucharest. At turn 280 I have 6584 Gold, I am earning 179 per turn, and my Happiness is 26. Then I puppet Bucharest, and my Happiness drops to 16. But I am nearly 300 ahead of my nearest competitor on the leader board, so not bad.</p>\n\n<p>Also, we are getting near to the first World Council, where I am the host. I have put a proposal on the agenda to enact a World’s Fair. The number 2 player has put a proposal on the ban Whales as a luxury resource, and I have a lot of whale resources. I suspect the World’s Fair will pass without my votes since many other players supported it, so I will put my votes into denying the Whale ban. We’ll see how it goes. I have the most votes, but if everyone else gangs up on me they can get it passed.</p>\n\n<p>And as I expected, the World’s Fair passed without my votes, and the Whale ban was defeated. I tabled a proposal to enact Arts Funding for the next Council. It looks to be very popular. Right now I starting to snowball. On turn 287 I now have 6476 Gold, and I am earning 231 each turn. I have puppeted 6 City-States, and my Happiness is at 31. I can now start to puppet another. In the World Council I have 4 votes, and every other player has 1. My main strategy right now is to keep on friendly terms with the other players since everything is going well. But I am also starting to build factories to improve my Production capacity, which in turn wil let me update my Military. I picked up a Great Scientist, and used him to construct an Academy to boost my Science output. And every city next to a mountain has gotten an Observatory for added science . And then I constructed the Leaning Tower of Pisa and got one free Great Person of my choice, and I chose a Great Scientist and constructed another academy. And I hit a Golden Age good for 10 turns.</p>\n\n<p>My Golden Age ended, but on the next turn I finished the Taj Mahal which gave me another 10 turn Golden Age, in addition to =4 Global Happiness. And I used some of my big cash balance to upgrade my military units, because in this game the best way to keep the peace is to have a strong military. Then on the next turn I was able to choose an ideology, so I picked Freedom, and for my two policies I chose Universal Healthcare and Capitalism, each of which added Happiness. I have earned a couple of Great Artists, and I plan to use them to create more Golden Ages since accumulating Culture is not part of my strategy. On turn 309 I puppeted Bratislava and started on Wittenberg. And now that I have expxlored the entire map I don’t need my Caravels any longer, so I deleted them. then on turn 314 my closest competitor, Japan, denounced me, and was in turn denounced by Brazil. I have been building up my military, so I am not worried. Basically, Japan has realized I am opening up a bigger lead, and that is why they denounced me. I’d like to win without going to war, but if he attacks me I can handle it. Meanwhile, I am also building up my Science to open up a lead there.</p>\n\n<p>On the next turn I built the Red Fort, which improves my defensive strength. Brazil approached me to join in a war on Japan, but I declined. I am not seeking a military victory in this game, so I don’t want to be distracted. However I just puppeted two more cities, and looking at the map I now have 3 cities on the border of Japan. So maybe there will be a war in my future. I got another policy to choose, and picked Universal Suffrage, which increases the length of Golden Ages, since I plan a few. And I am starting to build more military units, starting with riflemen which are good for defending cities. If I am given time I will ship them to my puppeted cities near Japan. But if he attackes me before then, they are still worth having.</p>\n\n\n<h3 id=\"links\">Links</h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Happiness_(Civ5\">https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Happiness_(Civ5</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.palain.com/gaming/civilization-v/playing-civilization-v-part-13/\">https://www.palain.com/gaming/civilization-v/playing-civilization-v-part-13/</a></li>\n</ul>\n',198,122,0,'CC-BY-SA','Computer games, strategy games, Civilization V, sample game, Diplomatic Victory',0,0,1),
(4680,'2026-07-10','Robert A. Heinlein: The Future History, Part 2',783,'We continue our look at Heinlein\'s Future History.','<p>In his early days as a writer, Heinlein wrote his stories in the context of a shared universe that he called the Future History. These were mostly short stories at first, with the occasional novella. But they inclode some great stories.</p>\n<h1 class=\"entry-title\">The Future History, Part 2</h1>\n						\n<p>There were a few key themes running through Heinlein’s body of work. One we have already remarked upon, individual freedom, which had to be protected from any source of power, including both government and private corporations. This was essentially a libertarian perspective, but unlike many of today’s libertarians he was equally averse to the corporate type of power as a threat. But he had a complex view of the world which has resisted some attempts to pigeonhole him. He started out as a socialist, and while he didn’t remain one, he never became a knee-jerk reactionary either. In fact, he clearly despised them just as much. One way of looking at his body of work is that he explored the ramifications of different social policies through his stories, but in most cases the needs of a good story came first in the early years. In his later works he often surrendered to the temptation to pontificate, which reduced the enjoyment of them somewhat for anyone who was not already in agreement with his opinions</p>\n\n<p>The second major theme you see throughout all of his works is the idea of the competent individual. He admired anyone who could do a job well, and clearly did not care whether they were man or woman, nor black or white. Alexei Panshin writes, in <a href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Heinlein-Dimension-Critical-Alexei-Panshin/dp/0911682015\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://www.amazon.com/Heinlein-Dimension-Critical-Alexei-Panshin/dp/0911682015\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Heinlein in Dimension</a>: </p>\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>“There is one unique and vivid human Heinlein character, but he is a composite of Joe-Jim Gregory, Harriman, Waldo, Lazarus Long, Mr. Kiku, and many others, rather than any one individual.&nbsp; I call the composite the Heinlein Individual.&nbsp; . . .&nbsp; It is a single personality that appears in three different stages and is repeated in every Heinlein book in one form or another.</p>\n\n<p>“The earliest stage is that of the competent but naïve youngster. . . .&nbsp; The second stage is the competent man in full glory, the man who knows how things work. . . .&nbsp; The last stage is the wise old man who not only knows how things work, but why they work, too.”</p>\n</blockquote>\n\n<p>Harriman we have already encountered in <em>The Man Who Sold The Moon</em>, and the others appear later. The Heinlein Individual, as he is often referred to, appears in many of Heinlein’s stories.</p>\n\n<p>A third major theme has to do with morality and religion. Heinlein grew up in what he considered the heart of the Bible Belt, in Missouri, and saw first-hand how the evangelical Christians operated, and despised what he saw. As someone who believed in individual freedom, he could never surrender to someone else’s idea of how he should live his life. He saw them as a danger to his ideal libertarian society, and this shows up very early in his work. He personified the good, upright, church-going folk as “Mrs. Grundy”, and while you might want to draw the drapes to keep her from knowing what you were doing, you should never let her dictate how you would live your life. Revolt in 2100 begins the exploration of this in detail.</p>\n\n<p>There is a chart of the future history at <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20151105170345/http://www.baenebooks.com/chapters/1439133417/1439133417___1.htm\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20151105170345/http://www.baenebooks.com/chapters/1439133417/1439133417___1.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Baen Books</a>, and in it we see that the 1960s were what Heinlein called The Crazy Years. (Remember, he conceived this in the 1940s and 1950s.) But in 2012 the major thing occurred when Nehemiah Scudder, a backwoods preacher, managed to get elected as President. This would be the last election held under the U.S. Constitution as he established a religious dictatorship that lasted a couple of generations. IS this plausible? Heinlein wrote about this:</p>\n\n<p>“<em>As for … the idea that we could lose our freedom by succumbing to a wave of religious hysteria, I am sorry to say that I consider it possible. I hope that it is not probable. But there is a latent deep strain of religious fanaticism in this, our culture; it is rooted in our history and it has broken out many times in the past.</em></p>\n\n<p><em>“It is with us now; there has been a sharp rise in strongly evangelical sects in this country in recent years, some of which hold beliefs theocratic in the extreme, anti-intellectual, anti-scientific, and anti-libertarian.</em>“</p>\n\n<p>His background in the Bible Belt is what informs a lot of his thinking. He goes on to describe how this might happen:</p>\n\n<p><em>“Throw in a Depression for good measure, promise a material heaven here on earth, add a dash of anti-Semitism, anti-Catholicism, anti-Negroism, and a good large dose of anti-“furriners” in general and anti-intellectuals here at home, and the result might be something quite frightening — particularly when one recalls that our voting system is such that a minority distributed as pluralities in enough states can constitute a working majority in Washington.”</em></p>\n\n<p>As the science fiction author <a href=\"https://david-brin.medium.com/heinleins-future-history-coming-true-before-our-eyes-10356a95556a\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://david-brin.medium.com/heinleins-future-history-coming-true-before-our-eyes-10356a95556a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">David Brin</a> points out, Heinlein accurately predicted much of what we are going through in the United States right now. There is an emerging dictatorship in the United States, promoted by right-wing religious groups. The “material heaven here on earth” is represented by the Prosperity Gospel, prominent in the Trump movement, and so on. Where the Prophet used a restored Ku Klux Klan as his muscle, we have The Proud Boys, and so on. It really does track very closely. Read David Brin’s article for more on this.</p>\n\n<p>But nothing lasts forever. Empires rise and fall, governments change, and in this case a resistance movement arises. The revolt is depicted in the novella <em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%22If_This_Goes_On%E2%80%94%22\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%22If_This_Goes_On%E2%80%94%22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">If This Goes On— (1940)</a></em>, and it is set in the year 2100, giving the title to the book. The main character is John Lyle, who is a young army officer assigned to the group protecting The Prophet in his capital of New Jerusalem. In the beginning he is thoroughly indoctrinated, but then begins to question his beliefs when he falls for one of The Prophet’s virgins, Sister Judith. He has an older companion in the military who is not only unshocked when John confides in him about his doubts, but offers to help him. It turns out this companion, Zeb Jones, is a member of the underground group called The Cabal that is working to overthrow the theocracy. In the end they are successful, and in the course of this John Lyle does a lot of growing up. In this we see another common characteristic of Heinlein stories: a young, naive boy meets up with an older and wiser man who helps him to grow.</p>\n\n<p>In 2016 <em>If This Goes On—</em> won the Retro-Hugo Award for best novella of 1940. And in a personal note, I have T-shirt that says “Scudder for President 2012”. This baffles most people, but I enjoy the in-joke.</p>\n\n<p>What is interesting in this book is that Heinlein doesn’t stop with a successful revolution. He then goes on in a second novella to describe the government that arose following the revolution, and this story is called <em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry_(short_story)\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry_(short_story)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Coventry (1940)</a></em>. The new government that arises after the revolution is called The Covenant, and it is an attempt to make sure that what happened with Scudder in 2012 could never happen again. It is a strongly libertarian government based on an agreement to be non-violent. In this society, scientists can cured criminal or violent tendencies, but any citizen convicted of such must agree to the treatment. The alternative to treatment is that they can be exiled to a place called Coventry. Coventry is outside of the Covenant society, and the Covenant society has nothing to do with them. </p>\n\n<p>Our protagonist, David McKinnon, is convicted of assault, and chooses to go to Coventry instead of getting treatment. He imagines it is a peaceful anarchy, but is disabused of this notion when he is robbed of all of this possessions upon entry and thrown in jail. A fellow inmate, Fader Magee, helps him escape, and we learn he is an agent of the Covenant government. They learn that two of the factions in Coventry have joined forces, and found a way to break through the barrier that surrounds Coventry. They plan to attack and overthrow the Covenant government. David and Fader separately work to escape and get back to warn the Covenant government, which they do successfully. And by doing this, David has demonstrated that he is no longer a danger to the Covenant society and no longer subject to treatment.</p>\n\n<p>This story won a <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prometheus_Award#Hall_of_Fame_Award_inductees\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prometheus_Award#Hall_of_Fame_Award_inductees\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Prometheus Hall of Fame Award</a>, which is awarded by the Libertarian Futurist Society. And the Covenant society certainly has libertarian features. But this is not the Randian version of libertarianism, as exemplified by the fact that David is restored to the society because he demonstrated his concern for others. Heinlein always promoted individual freedom, but also the idea that people have a responsibility towards others.</p>\n\n<p>Finally, <em>Revolt in 2100</em> contains the short story <em>Misfit</em>, w2hich we have looked at previously.</p>\n\n<p><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Past_Through_Tomorrow\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Past_Through_Tomorrow\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Past Through Tomorrow (1967)</a></em> is a one volume collection of most of the Future history stories. I say most because just which stories belonged in this group could change from time to time. It also has the last version of the Chart of the Future History, and a few stories we have not yet mentioned (<em>Methusaleh’s Children</em>, and <em>The Menace From Earth</em>). And many of his other works contain back references to these events that imply that they might be set in the same alternate universe. Heinlein gets the last word on this:</p>\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><em>“I have never been sure whether or not publishing that chart was a good idea or a bad mistake. Possibly it helped to sell some stories later—but certainly it caused me and still causes me to receive a lot nuisance mail from nitpickers. I have never felt bound by that chart; it was to serve me, not the other way around. If I found myself with a good story notion which fitted fairly well into the chart but not perfectly, I shed no tears—I went ahead and let the inconsistencies stand.</em></p>\n\n<p><em>I want each story to be internally consistent . . . but I won’t let myself be painted into a corner through trying to fit that chart perfectly. I may start another “Future History” story tomorrow . . . and find that to make it a good yarn I must violate some item on that chart. I’ll give the nitpickers something to pick, for I will not hurt a good yarn for the sake of “logic”—logic is not involved, as that chart is fiction, not Holy Writ.”</em></p>\n</blockquote>\n\n<h3 id=\"links-\">Links:</h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Heinlein-Dimension-Critical-Alexei-Panshin/dp/0911682015\">https://www.amazon.com/Heinlein-Dimension-Critical-Alexei-Panshin/dp/0911682015</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20151105170345/http://www.baenebooks.com/chapters/1439133417/1439133417___1.htm\">https://web.archive.org/web/20151105170345/http://www.baenebooks.com/chapters/1439133417/1439133417___1.htm</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://david-brin.medium.com/heinleins-future-history-coming-true-before-our-eyes-10356a95556a\">https://david-brin.medium.com/heinleins-future-history-coming-true-before-our-eyes-10356a95556a</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%22If_This_Goes_On%E2%80%94%22\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%22If_This_Goes_On%E2%80%94%22</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry_(short_story\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry_(short_story</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prometheus_Award#Hall_of_Fame_Award_inductees\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prometheus_Award#Hall_of_Fame_Award_inductees</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Past_Through_Tomorrow\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Past_Through_Tomorrow</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.palain.com/science-fiction/the-golden-age/robert-a-heinlein/the-future-history-part-2/\">https://www.palain.com/science-fiction/the-golden-age/robert-a-heinlein/the-future-history-part-2/</a></li>\n</ul>\n',198,124,0,'CC-BY-SA','Science fiction, Heinlein, Future History',0,0,1),
(4690,'2026-07-24','Playing Civilization V, Part 14',348,'We conclude a sample game of Civilization V','\n<p>In our sample game we look at playing as Austria and aiming for a Diplomatic Victory. And our focus is on puppeting City-States, but I misunderstood and instead of making a Diplomatic Victory easier, it makes it harder. I still managed to get my Diplomatic Victory, but a Science or Domination Victory would definitely have been easier in this scenario.</p>\n\n<h1>Playing Civilization V, Part 14</h1>\n\n<p>Now I am at turn 340, I just puppeted another City-State, and I have one more on the way. I have sent a large number of military units, both land and sea, to the City-States that are on Japan’s border. If he tries anything now he will likely regret it. Now I am starting to build things I had not bothered with before, like Granaries and Amphitheaters. I got a couple of Great Engineers, and used them to rush build Wonders. I am nearly finished puppeting all of the City-States, and my Happiness and Income are both quite healthy. I am in such good shape I started to build the World’s Fair, which I initally proposed then ignored.</p>\n\n<p>At this point I only have one more City-State to puppet, then I will have puppeted every City-State in the game. So it is time to put my large income to use in other ways by giving gifts to the other players. I may want to get a few more votes on my side to get over the top in the World Leader vote when it happens. On turn 357 I completed the puppeting of all of the City-States in the game. Meanwhile, I am building up my Science and building Wonders as they become available. I didn’t build any in the early game because I had other priorities, but now I have a strong military, high income, and no other pressing needs. My score on the Leader Board is now double that of my nearest competitor which is still Japan. And their denunciation me of just expired with them taking no action.</p>\n\n<p>I used a Great Engineer to rush build the Porcelain Tower, earning me another Great Scientist, which I then used to build another Academy. At this point it is mostly a slog to the finish. Since I was so dominant and so wealthy I could afford to pursue a couple of other options just in case. One was a Science victory, which looked like a possibility, though it would be close. I had to be very focused in my Science Research. The other option was a Culture victory, and I had dominated two other empires culturally without half trying, and I was generating Great Artists, Great Musicians, and Great Writers pretty rapidly. So I built Museums, then Archeologists, and grabbed every artifact I find to stuff into the Museums. But the final Victory came when I researched Globalization. This tech allows you to get an extra vote in a World Council for every Spy you send to another empire’s capital and designate as an Ambassador. I immediately sent my spies out (they had previously been in my cities doing counter-espionage since I had a tech lead). And a few turns later a vote for World Leader came up and I won.</p>\n\n<p>This was my first time using Maria Theresa of Austria as my leader, and it was fun, but in the end puppeting all of the City-Staters actually made it harder to win a Diplomatic victory. In other games I have played, every City-State that was an ally was an extra vote in the World Council, and I assumed that making them puppets would mean I would get that many votes. But that didn’t happen. Of course, if I had read more carefully in the Civilization Wiki I would have realized this, because it says there very clearly that Austria is one of the worst Empires to pick if you are going for a Diplomatic victory. So the fact that I managed it anyway is nice. I think I actually could have done a Science victory as I had my Spaceship half-built when I won the Diplomatic Victory. But I hope this analysis of how I actually played this game will be helpful to someone else.</p>\n\n<h3 id=\"links\">Links</h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.palain.com/gaming/civilization-v/playing-civilization-v-part-14/\">https://www.palain.com/gaming/civilization-v/playing-civilization-v-part-14/</a></li>\n</ul>\n\n\n',198,122,0,'CC-BY-SA','Computer games, strategy games, Civilization V, sample game, Diplomatic Victory',0,0,1),
(4700,'2026-08-07','Robert A. Heinlein: The Juveniles',888,'Some of Heinlein\'s best works were the Juveniles.','<p>Heinlein wrote a series of books under contract to Scribners that were aumed at younger readers, pre-teen and teen. Today we would call them Young Adult, but back then they were called Juveniles. But even an adult reader can enjoy many of these books. Because they were aimed at younger readers, he could not always be as explicit as he might have liked, but if you pay attention you just might noticed he slipped in something subversive.</p>\n\n<h1>Heinlein: The Juveniles</h1>\n						\n<p>As a boy I read voraciously. I remember my mother organizing weekly trips to the town library, where I would load up on books, and I quickly became focused on Science Fiction, along with the usual stuff kids read, like the Hardy Boys, Tom Swift, and the Walter Farley horse books. But the idea of going into space grabbed me very early. And one of the first authors I read was Heinlein. He had taken a leave from publishing during World War II, when he was doing research at the Philadelphia Navy Yard. But when the war was over, he set out to move beyond the “pulps” and expand the market for his stories. And one big market for him was what were called “juveniles” at the time, and would today be called “Young Adult”. I was reading adult fiction by the time I was 11 or 12, but before that (and even after that, in fact) I read these Heinlein novels with great relish.</p>\n\n<p>Heinlein’s target audience for these novels was teenage boys. He did a few stories aimed at girls, but mostly he wrote for boys. And these were mostly “coming of age” stories where the teenage protagonist has adventures, and as a result grows and develops. They are very loosely related via some internal references, but should really be thought of as stand-alone stories. They also in some cases have references to his other stories, including the Future history stories. He wrote 13 of these novels, one per year, from 1947 to 1959. The series was published by Scribners until the last one was rejected by them. Heinlein then published it with a different publisher, and stopped writing these novels altogether in favor of more adult fiction. The novels roughly form a progression telling the story of space exploration. It starts with a trip to the Moon, then Venus, Mars, Jupiter’s moon, and so on until we reach the Lesser Magellanic Cloud.</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_Ship_Galileo\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_Ship_Galileo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Rocket Ship Galileo (1947)</a></em> – While readable, this initial effort was not up to Heinlein’s later standards. The plot concerns three teenagers who assist an uncle to build a rocket ship and go to the Moon. When they get there they discover Nazis have already arrived. The Nazis try to kill the group, but they succeed in turning the tables, stealing the Nazi ship, and returning to Earth as heroes. This novel became the basis (loosely) for the movie <em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destination_Moon_(film)\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destination_Moon_(film)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Destination Moon (1950)</a></em>, and I personally would consider the movie to be superior to the novel. It is also worth noting that the theory brought up in <em>Blowups Happen</em> reappears in this novel. They find evidence of an ancient Lunar civilization that was destroyed, and theorize that the craters on the moon were caused by the explosion of nuclear reactors that caused the extinction of the civilization.</li>\n\n<li><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Cadet\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Cadet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Space Cadet (1948)</a></em> – This was in part the inspiration for the <em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Corbett,_Space_Cadet_(TV_series)\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Corbett,_Space_Cadet_(TV_series)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Tom Corbett</a></em> franchise, which licensed the name Space Cadet from Heinlein. It is about a young man who is accepted to the Academy for the Space Patrol. It follows him through his education in the Academy, and then into his first mission after graduating. This holds up better than the previous novel. And it is tied back to the story <em>The Long Watch</em> from the Future History. Part of the story takes place on an inhabited Venus that is cloudy and swampy.</li>\n\n<li><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Planet_(novel)\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Planet_(novel)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Red Planet (1949)</a></em> – This is set on Mars, as it is also portrayed in <em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stranger_in_a_Strange_Land\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stranger_in_a_Strange_Land\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Stranger In A Strange Land (1961)</a></em>. Mars is inhabited by native Martians, but also by human colonists. It has the canals, and with seasonal changes the colonists migrate from north to south and back. A pair of teenage boys get caught up in a revolution when the evil corporation that controls the colony pushes the colonists too far. In the end you wish there really were canals and Martians.</li>\n\n<li><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farmer_in_the_Sky\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farmer_in_the_Sky\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Farmer In The Sky (1950)</a></em> – This is one of the best, as seen by the Retro Hugo this novel won in 2000. Jupiter’s moon Ganymede is being terraformed because Earth is overcrowded and food is rationed. A teenage boy and his family emigrate to Ganymede and try to make a life there, which they eventually succeed in doing. <em>The Green Hills of Earth</em> is mentioned here, tying this into the future History. There are frequent references to the Boy Scouts, due to the fact that the story ran as a serial in <em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scout_Life\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scout_Life\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Boy’s Life</a></em> magazine.</li>\n\n<li><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Between_Planets\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Between_Planets\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Between Planets (1951)</a></em> – A teenage boy is caught up in interplanetary intrigue. Venus and Mars have colonies, but Earth is trying to control them too much. So revolution is on the menu. This is clearly patterned in the colonial wars of the 18th and 19th centuries, such as the American Revolution against England. By this point the so-called “Juveniles” are really having more adult content, and reviewers re starting to rate them in comparison with adult science fiction. This novel was also first serialized in <em>Boy’s Life</em> magazine.</li>\n\n<li>T<em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones_(novel)\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones_(novel)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">he Rolling Stones (1952)</a></em> – Here we have teenage twin boys, Castor and Pollux, as the protagonists. They and their family live on the Moon, but decide to travel, so this novel is a kind of travelogue as they go to Mars, then to the Asteroid belt. The grandmother, Hazel Stone, appears in Heinlein’s later works as well. One interesting episode in this story involves “martian flat cats”, which are furry, lovable, and reproduce like mad with the right conditions. If this sound like Star Trek’s Tribbles, that is also what the Star Trek producers thought, so they got permission from Heinlein to use the idea.</li>\n\n<li><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starman_Jones\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starman_Jones\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Starman Jones (1953)</a></em> – We are now further into the future, and the human race is exploring the stars. Unfortunately, very restrictive guilds closely control who can participate in this. A teenage boy named Max, who happens to have an eidetic memory, has memorized the Astrogation tables from his uncle’s books, and wants to join the Guild, but is turned down. He lies his way onboard a ship, and through a series of events becomes the only one who can guide the ship home.</li>\n\n<li><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Star_Beast_(novel)\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Star_Beast_(novel)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Star Beast (1954)</a></em> – A teenage boy has an alien “pet” his great-grandfather had brought back that has grown very large, and is considered a nuisance. A court decides the beast must be killed, but that proves easier to say than to do. It appears that the beast isn’t even aware that people are trying to kill it. Meanwhile, a powerful and hitherto unknown alien species demand the return of one of  their own, or they will destroy the Earth. Of course, it is this beast, who is actually royalty to the alien species. One interesting point is that government officials in this story are portrayed sympathetically as intelligent and dedicated.</li>\n\n<li><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnel_in_the_Sky\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnel_in_the_Sky\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Tunnel In The Sky (1955)</a></em> – In the future humanity is colonizing other planets, and a group of teenagers are taking their final survival test. They are sent to a planet and told that they have to survive for 10 days, But more than 10 days go by with no pickup, and they know something went wrong. So they have to establish their own little society to keep surviving. An interesting note is that the protagonist, Rod Walker, is black. It was never explicitly stated in the text, but Heinlein was firm in stating this. The clue is when the others expect Rod to end up with Caroline, who is explicitly stated to be black. This was Heinlein being subtly subversive. To have a black protagonist for a boy’s story in 1955 in America would be impossible. but Heinlein was completely anti-racist, among other things.</li>\n\n<li><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_for_the_Stars\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_for_the_Stars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Time For The Stars (1956)</a></em> – This is a novel that takes Relativity seriously, which was not common in the 1950s. Researchers have discovered that some twins and triplets can communicate telepathically (and instantaneously), and so when a group of ships is sent out to explore other star systems, one twin is on the ship and the other remains on Earth to provide communication. The twin on Earth ages must faster than the one in space, of course, and eventually the Earth twin dies, But they discover that the connection sometimes passes down through the family, so the protagonist, Tom Bartlett, becomes connected first to his niece, then his grandniece, and finally his great-grandniece.</li>\n\n<li><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizen_of_the_Galaxy\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizen_of_the_Galaxy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Citizen of the Galaxy (1957)</a></em> – This book is about a future slave trade, which Heinlein strongly hated. The protagonist is a boy who is bought at a slave auction by an old beggar, but the beggar is more than he seems. He is actually spying and gathering data regarding the slave trade. When discovered, he commits suicide, but he had prepared the young boy, Thorby, who then contacts the Free Traders who spirit him away. He has to adapt to this new society, but then is delivered to the Hegemonic Guard. It turns out his “father” (i.e. the man who bought him) was an officer in this organization. And when they run the background checks, they discover that he is the heir to a large conglomerate, and that conglomerate may be implicated in the slave trade.</li>\n\n<li><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Have_Space_Suit%E2%80%94Will_Travel\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Have_Space_Suit%E2%80%94Will_Travel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Have Space Suit—Will Travel (1958)</a></em> – Clifford “Kip” Russell dreams of going to the Moon, and enters a contest with that as the top prize. Unfortunately, he wins the somewhat lesser prize of a used spacesuit. The first few chapters focus on him doing repairs and maintenance to make it functional again, and this displays Heinlein’s engineering background. It is more engaging than you might think. Then while wearing the spacesuit he receives a radio message, and he is kidnapped along with an alien called “The Mother Thing” and a young girl who is a genius. The kidnappers are a group of aliens who consider anyone not of their race to be animals. The trio first try to escape on the Moon, but are recaptured, then taken to Pluto, where they succeed in killing the alien kidnappers. Then they are taken to the Lesser Magellanic Cloud to be put on trial to determine if the human race should be allowed to live.</li>\n\n<li><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starship_Troopers\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starship_Troopers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Starship Troopers (1959)</a></em> – This is the novel that Scribners rejected, and which brought the Juvenile series to an end. And it bears absolutely no resemblance at all to the movie, to the point that for Heinlein fans the word Verhoeven is considered an obscenity. A young man, Juan “Johnny” Rico joins the military, where he has to grow up and then take part in a war against an insectoid race, but that is all background really. The book is primarily a glorification of military service, which is not surprising given Heinlein’s background. And it focuses on a series of discussions under the heading of “History and Moral Philosophy”, which lets Heinlein expound on his values and beliefs. The novel won a Hugo, but it is an add one given that the plot is secondary to the philosophizing. One of the most controversial ideas is that in this society the right to vote is limited to people who have been in Federal Service. Heinlein said this didn’t have to be military, but the only ones we see are in fact military veterans.</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>So, these are the Heinlein Juveniles. In my opinion, many of them are quite good reading for adults. The thing that separates them from adult novels in Heinlein’s body of work is the lack of any sex element. That would become prominent in Heinlein’s later adult novels, but it was not something you could put in a book aimed at teenagers, certainly not in the 1950s, and arguably the case today as well.</p>\n\n<h3 id=\"links\">Links</h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_Ship_Galileo\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_Ship_Galileo</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destination_Moon_(film\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destination_Moon_(film</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Cadet\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Cadet</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Corbett,_Space_Cadet_(TV_series\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Corbett,_Space_Cadet_(TV_series</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Planet_(novel\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Planet_(novel</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stranger_in_a_Strange_Land\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stranger_in_a_Strange_Land</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farmer_in_the_Sky\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farmer_in_the_Sky</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scout_Life\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scout_Life</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Between_Planets\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Between_Planets</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones_(novel\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones_(novel</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starman_Jones\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starman_Jones</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Star_Beast_(novel\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Star_Beast_(novel</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnel_in_the_Sky\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnel_in_the_Sky</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_for_the_Stars\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_for_the_Stars</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizen_of_the_Galaxy\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizen_of_the_Galaxy</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Have_Space_Suit%E2%80%94Will_Travel\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Have_Space_Suit%E2%80%94Will_Travel</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starship_Troopers\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starship_Troopers</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.palain.com/science-fiction/the-golden-age/robert-a-heinlein/heinlein-the-juveniles/\">https://www.palain.com/science-fiction/the-golden-age/robert-a-heinlein/heinlein-the-juveniles/</a></li>\n</ul>\n',198,124,0,'CC-BY-SA','Science fiction, Heinlein, Juvenile, Young Adult',0,0,1),
(4710,'2026-08-21','Civilization VI',808,'A first look at the next version of Civilization from 2016, Civilization VI.','<p>Civilization VI, released in 2016, was a further evolution of the franchise that added interesting new features. We introduce it in this episode.</p>\n\n<h1>Civilization VI</h1>\n\n<p>Released in 2016, Civ VI is probably still the most played version of the game. Although there has been a general gap of 5-6 years between versions, the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic slowed down many things. Since early 2025 we have had Civilization VII come out, but in my opinion it is still being tweaked and refined. In the meantime, Civilization VI is the game I play now when I play Civ. I’ve played all of them from the first, and put in many hours here. Since I now play Civ on Steam mostly, I have statistics! I played Civ V for a total of 769 hours, and so far I have played Civ VI for 689 hours, but since this is what I play for now I will probably exceed my Civ V hours pretty soon. BTW, I probably have well over 1000 hours on Civ II, which I think I have played the most, and certainly more than 3000 hours total over all all versions.</p>\n\n<p>I’m going to cover this without worrying too much about whether it is the base game or an expansion. Fact is, Firaxis have started moving to something more akin to a subscription model when they introduced the New Frontier Pass, which works very well when you are on Steam. The idea was that you bought this pass, and very few months got new content, and on Steam it would automatically be downloaded to your account. That is not to say that there weren’t actual expansions, but since the last thing they released was this “pass”, i’m kind of wondering what they will do with Civ VII. In any case, let’s take a look at this.</p>\n\n<h2>Gameplay</h2>\n\n<p>Again, you start with a tribe in 4000BC which founds your first city, and you immediately begin building units, exploring, researching, and developing your city. this is a time-tested mechanic that never changes. but there are some interesting changes that make this game fascinating.</p>\n\n<p>First, in the earlier versions of Civ you thought of yourself as playing a particular civ, which came with a particular leader. In different versions of Civ the name of the leader might change, like for France you might have Napoleon on some versions, or Joan of Arc in another, but in each case one civ gets one leader, so you tended to think of yourself as playing the nation. Rome might be Caesar in one version, Augustus in another, or Trajan in yet another. (Fun fact: Sid Meier says he always plays as Rome because it just feels right to him). In Civ VI this linkage is broken. One leader, Eleanor of Aquitaine, can be played as the Queen of England, or she can be played as the Queen of France. And each version has different abilities and strengths. If you want a fairly easy Culture victory, play her as Queen of France, and watch as other players’ cities rebel and join your Empire because they admire you so much. Teddy Roosevelt also has two different manifestations, Rough Rider Teddy, and Big Stick Teddy, when you have all the expansions. China has two possible leaders, with different strengths: <a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang_(Civ6)\">Qin Shi Huang</a>, and <a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang_(Civ6)\"></a><a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Kublai_Khan_(Chinese)_(Civ6)\">Kublai Khan</a>. And Kublai Khan can be either Chinese or Mongolian, with different strengths. So in Civ VI you don’t think of what Civ you want to play, you think of which <em>leader</em> you want to play. </p>\n\n<p>Every leader comes with a Civilization Ability, a Unique Unit, and a Unique Infrastructure. These matter a lot. For example, take John Curtin, the leader of the Australian civilization. His Civilization Ability is called Land Down Under, and it gives him +3&nbsp;<a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Housing_(Civ6)\">Housing</a>&nbsp;in&nbsp;<a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Coastal_(Civ6)\">coastal</a><a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/City_(Civ6)\">cities</a>. Building a&nbsp;<a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Pasture_(Civ6)\">Pasture</a>&nbsp;triggers a Culture Bomb, claiming surrounding&nbsp;<a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Tile_(Civ6)\">tiles</a>.&nbsp;<a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Campus_(Civ6)\">Campus</a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Commercial_Hub_(Civ6)\">Commercial Hub</a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Holy_Site_(Civ6)\">Holy Site</a>, and&nbsp;<a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Theater_Square_(Civ6)\">Theater Square</a><a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/District_(Civ6)\">districts</a>&nbsp;gain +1 to their yields in&nbsp;<a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Tile_(Civ6)\">tiles</a>&nbsp;with Charming&nbsp;<a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Appeal_(Civ6)\">Appeal</a>, and +3 in tiles with Breathtaking Appeal. Then his Unique Unit is the Digger, a melee military unit that replaces the Infantry unit. And his Unique Infrastructure is tile improvement called the Outback Station. This gives you increased food, production, and housing, some of which varies according to what is on surrounding tiles. The point is that each leader gives you very specific advantages that you should play to. In Civ VI it is even more important to tailor your strategy to the particular leader. Leaders like Frederic Barbarossa or Simon Bolivar are very good for Domination, while Peter the Great and Saladin are very good for Religious victories. If you take a random leader be ready to adapt your play style and strategy to fit, or alternatively decide what kind of victory you want to achieve and pick a leader who is good at it. Or if you want a real challenge, pick a leader who is not suited to the victory condition you are aiming at. But keep in mind that the game may take you in places you didn’t expect. One game I picked Wilfrid Laurier of Canada, who is ideal for Diplomatic and Cultural victories, and I thought I would be going for a Cultural victory. But Wilfrid’s strengths come from his advantages on Tundra land tiles, and I somehow managed to spawn in the middle of the map with no Tundra tiles at all in my empire. I had work hard to manage a Science victory in that case.</p>\n\n<h2>Districts</h2>\n\n<p>This is a major change in Civ. In earlier versions you built buildings inside of cities, and you tended to build the same buildings in most or all cities. You were only limited by your ability to generate Production to get them done. Civ VI is different. You have to place Districts on specific tiles, and and you can then develop the district with added buildings. If you want to develop your industry, you can place an Industrial Zone, and then add a Workshop, then a Factory, then a Power plant, and so on, each one increasing your Production. For Science you place down a Campus District, then a Library, then a University, then a Research Lab. And the game mechanic means you cannot built everything in every city. You can place one district at the start, then one more when your city reaches a population of 4, then a third one when you reach 7, and so on with each added population of three allowing one more district. The point is to force you to make choices. Districts get adjacency bonuses which increase their output. The Campus (generates Science) and the Holy Site (generates Faith) both benefit from adjacent Mountains, and the effect is additive. So if you find a tile with three mountains around it, you will want to place one of these districts there. Districts also get adjacency bonuses from other districts, so the planning the layout of your cities is really important to maximize these bonuses. And they can get bonuses even with adjacent Districts that belong to a different city! </p>\n\n<p>Another key district is the Encampment, which let you build better, more veteran military units. Since building units requires Production, you should build build an Encampment in a city which has a lot of Production, and that probably means one with an Industrial Zone. A Harbor District would go in a city with coastal tiles, of course. All of this requires planning. Expert players will usually start out by exploring to see what the map looks like around them, what terrain features they have to work with, what resources are available, and so on. Then, around turn ten they will plan out their next cities, and figure out where they want to place districts and so on. There is a built-in “map pin” system for this, and it can be improved by installing the right mod. While you don’t <em>have</em> to do this, it does help you to be successful.</p>\n\n<h2>Maps and Terrain</h2>\n\n<p>Terrain features matter a lot in this game. We already mentioned adjacency bonuses of Mountains for Holy Sites and Campuses, but there is much more. The map is divided into <em><a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Continent_(Civ6)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Continents</a></em>, and it is quite normal for a contiguous land mass to contain two or more continents if it is large enough. Think of how Europe and Asia are really just one large land mass to see what I mean. This matters because certain units may defend differently depending on which continent they are on, or some civilizations may be affected from having cities on a different continent. Terrain features like <em>Rivers</em> are extremely important for the placement of cities because they provide fresh water. You can sometimes get around that by building an Aqueduct to bring water from a Lake or a Mountain, but that means using up one of your city tiles, and spending production to build it. If you can place your city on a river you can avoid that problem and get off to a fast start. But the downside is that rivers can flood, and that can wreck your improvements. A big idea for terrain is <em>Appeal</em>. Each tile has an Appeal level ranging from Disgusting to Breathtaking, and it is determined by a combination of the tile’s features themselves and by adjacencies. The modifiers are added together to determine the Appeal level of the tile, and there is a lens you use to view your Appeal levels on all tiles, which are color coded. This matters particularly if you are trying for a Culture victory. Culture victories are own by generating Tourism, and while some that can come from things like Museums and Wonders, you will really want to maximize your Tourism to win this game, and two good ways to do that are building National Parks and Seaside Resorts. You can only do that if the appeal is at least Charming (or even better, Breathtaking). If you find you cannot build them in what seems like a good spot, chances are Appeal is the problem. So check that out. You can, for instance, remove marshes (which give negative appeal), and plant forests (which add appeal), and that might be all it takes to get these going.</p>\n\n<p>The underlying issue in managing your cities is that you only have so many tiles, and a tile that might be great for a farm might also be great for a District. You need food to grow, and you need to grow to put down Districts, so you are always making choices about this, and that is what makes this a great strategy game.</p>\n\n<h2>Other Resources</h2>\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lkas_uiq_fk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Civilization 6 Tutorial: In Game Settings</a></li>\n</ul>\n\n<h3 id=\"links\">Links</h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.pcgamesn.com/civilization-vii/narrative-lead-job-posting\">https://www.pcgamesn.com/civilization-vii/narrative-lead-job-posting</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang_(Civ6\">https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Qin_Shi_Huang_(Civ6</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Kublai_Khan_(Chinese)_(Civ6\">https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Kublai_Khan_(Chinese)_(Civ6</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Housing_(Civ6\">https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Housing_(Civ6</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Coastal_(Civ6\">https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Coastal_(Civ6</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Pasture_(Civ6\">https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Pasture_(Civ6</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Tile_(Civ6\">https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Tile_(Civ6</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Campus_(Civ6\">https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Campus_(Civ6</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Commercial_Hub_(Civ6\">https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Commercial_Hub_(Civ6</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Holy_Site_(Civ6\">https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Holy_Site_(Civ6</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Theater_Square_(Civ6\">https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Theater_Square_(Civ6</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/District_(Civ6\">https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/District_(Civ6</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Appeal_(Civ6\">https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Appeal_(Civ6</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Continent_(Civ6\">https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Continent_(Civ6</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lkas_uiq_fk\">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lkas_uiq_fk</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.palain.com/gaming/civilization-vi/\">https://www.palain.com/gaming/civilization-vi/</a></li>\n</ul>\n',198,122,0,'CC-BY-SA','Computer games, strategy games, Civilization VI',0,0,1),
(4720,'2026-09-04','Robert A. Heinlein: Earlier Novels',757,'We look at some of the earliest novels written by Robert A. Heinlein.','<p>Heinlein published his first novel in 1948, and within a decade had published some major works. What distinguishes these early novels from his later ones is that he has not pushed the boundary of what he can write about to the degree he does in the 1960s and later. But there are fine novels in this period.</p>\n\n<h1 class=\"entry-title\">Heinlein’s Earlier Novels</h1>\n\n<p>During the 1950s Heinlein was busy with his Juvenile series, but also found time to write some adult novels, and some of them are very good. A few of them were expansions of earlier, shorter works that he turned into full novels.</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyond_This_Horizon\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyond_This_Horizon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Beyond This Horizon (1948)</a></em> – This is Heinlein’s first novel after the lackluster <em>For Us The Living</em> (which never was published during his lifetime; Heinlein knew it was sub-par). It is set in a future society that is practicing a form of eugenics, with a breeding program designed to produce the perfect human by selecting for health, longevity, and intelligence. The protagonist, Hamilton Felix, is not the one, but he is near to the end. And this society has also made it a point to keep a certain number of people who are not part of the breeding program, as a form control for the experiment. Hamilton Felix is in fact the penultimate step in this program, but has so far shown no interest in marriage or procreation. But in the course of the novel he is persuaded. His children are shown to be the end point of the program at the end of the novel. A sub-plot involves his friend Mordan Claude (in this book everyone puts their family name first) who falls for a woman he meets. When she sneezes, he begins to suspect she is one of the “control naturals”. They are protected, but clearly this is a class society, which is to be expected in any society that practices eugenics, and should be off-limits for Claude. But love conquers all, and then he discovers that she is not a control natural after all, which to my mind is a somewhat weaker outcome.<br><br>Another aspect of this society is that most people are armed, and dueling is common. This is explained as “An armed society is a polite society,” since if you offended someone you could find yourself in a duel very quickly. A lot of gun enthusiasts have picked up on this and repeated it as if it was revealed truth, but even a cursory examination of societies with a lot of guns shows it to be false.</li>\n\n<li><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixth_Column\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixth_Column\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sixth Column (1949)</a></em> – This novel was originally a serial written in 1941, when the Sino-Japanese war was in full swing, and this motivates some of the ideas in this book. The setting is a United States that has been conquered by the Pan-Asian Federation. This Federation had previously absorbed the Soviet Union and India, and is portrayed in very much Yellow Peril manner. John W. Campbell had a lot to do with this, and it makes the novel something that you can skip without losing much. The Pan-Asians regard the Americans as slaves. And their policy towards their slaves is “Three things only do slaves require: work, food, and their religion.” In an American military outpost hidden in the mountains of Colorado a miracle weapon is found that can kill, and it can somehow be tuned to only affect the Asians and not the Americans. Since the Pan-Asians have allowed religion (better to pacify the slaves), the Americans create a religion and use that to infiltrate the Pan-Asian facilities. Heinlein himself had a low opinion of this novel, and deservedly so.</li>\n\n<li><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Puppet_Masters\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Puppet_Masters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Puppet Masters (1951)</a></em> – This novel is a product of the paranoia of the times regarding Communists. But this novel is more of an allegory than a direct anti-Communist screed. It is fundamentally about “the enemy within”, in the form of alien parasites called slugs that can take over a human by controlling the nervous system, making the human a powerless slave to the alien. And they are attempting to conquer the world, though all of the action we see takes place in the United States. This is essentially <em>The Body Snatchers</em> plot, and has been done many times. But both this novel and the previous <em>Sixth Column</em> reflect the feeling of paranoia prevalent in society when people thought there were communists under every bed looking to corrupt the youth and subvert The American Way of Life. And it is notable that the organization that leads the fight against the slugs is a top secret outfit established without the knowledge of Congress and responsible only to the President.</li>\n\n<li><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_Star\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_Star\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Double Star (1956)</a></em> – This is when Heinlein as a novelist starts to really click, and it was shown by his winning his first Hugo for best novel. The plot is somewhat reminiscent of Prisoner of Zenda. In a future solar system, Earth, Venus, Mars, and the Jovian satellites are united under a parliamentary democracy, which is in turn under a constitutional monarchy. Think of it as similar to the UK, only in this case it is the House of Orange that are the monarchs. A politician named John Joseph Bonforte is the leader of the Expansionist coalition, and one of the most prominent politicians in the solar system. And he has been kidnapped sat a crucial time. His staff find an actor, stage name The Great Lorenzo, who is similar enough physically to impersonate Bonforte, while they try to get the real Bonforte back. They do succeed, but he has been very badly treated by the kidnappers, so the actor  has to continue for the election campaign. And he wins the election, but the real Bonforte dies. The actor then continues to impersonate him to the point of really becoming him. <br><br>The two things that make this novel so interesting are first, the focus on acting as seen through the eyes of Lorenzo; and second, the focus on the machinery of politics. And this draws upon Heinlein’s own experience in electoral politics. Though he was not successful in getting elected, he clearly had absorbed a lot about the how-to of the process. And he did write a non-fiction book called <em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take_Back_Your_Government\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take_Back_Your_Government\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Take Back Your Government (1992)</a></em>, which was published posthumously. It was subtitled <em>A Practical Handbook for the Private Citizen Who Wants Democracy to Work</em>, and was originally written in 1946. It was based on his experience with EPIC and in trying to get Upton Sinclair elected Governor of California in 1934.</li>\n\n<li><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Door_into_Summer\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Door_into_Summer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Door Into Summer (1957)</a></em> – This is another good novel, which features several themes that would reappear through Heinlein’s work. The first is that Heinlein was a very confirmed cat lover. The title comes from a cat who went from door to door in the middle of winter, trying to find the door into summer. Second, the protagonist is an engineer, which is of course Heinlein’s background. The third is the time travel element. People can travel into the future through a type of suspended animation called Cold Sleep. But for the purposes of the plot a scientist has invented a time travel device that sort of works. It sent a grad student named Leonard Vincent a few centuries back in to Italy where he became Leonardo da Vinci. But it sends our hero, Daniel Boone Davis, back exactly where he wanted to go. We see a few things in this novel that are of interest. First, the cat, Pete, has the full name of “Petronius the Arbiter”, who was the author of the Satyricon, so Heinlein’s interest in sex is starting to make an oblique appearance. Second, when Dan goes back in time, he lands in the middle of a nudist camp, and that is also something Heinlein was very interested in.<br><br>The plot can be summarized as Dan gets robbed of his inventions by his business partner and his secretary/fianceé, gets put into Cold Sleep, then goes back in time to just before he got robbed and fixes things to his satisfaction, then takes the Cold Sleep again to finish his plans. It is a pretty good yarn.</li>\n\n<li><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methuselah%27s_Children\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methuselah%27s_Children\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Methusaleh’s Children (1958)</a></em> – This was originally a novella written in 1941, then expanded into a novel. It is part of the Future history. It introduces Lazarus Long, who would go on to be Heinlein’s alter ego through many of his future books, and thus implicitly makes those books part of the Future History, though most scholars will dispute this. What cannot be disputed is that this novel is a cornerstone for where Heinlein would go in many of his future stories.<br><br>The story begins with a successful businessman named Ira Howard who dies of old age at around the age of 49 in the 19th century. In his will he leaves his estate to trustees with the mandate to find a way to extend human life span. The best they can come up with is to encourage (financially) people who had long-lived grandparents to marry each other and have children. They carry this on and by the 22nd century the Howard Families, as they call themselves, have an average life span of 150 years. But they have to hide this form the rest of society, and arrange from time to time to “die” and then become someone else. This masquerade helped them survive the years of Nehemiah Scudder and his successors, but a few of them reveal themselves during the Covenant government. This has a bad result because people want the secret that they assume the Howard families are hiding, and they might be willing to kill to get the secret. So the Howard families steal a starship and make their escape. One of the people onboard is Andrew Jackson “Slipstick” Libby, who we first met in the short story <em>Misfit</em>, and he manages to come up with a Faster-Than-Light drive. They finally decide to go back to Earth, where they discover that scientists have found ways to prolong human life and they are no longer enemies, in fact they are welcomed for bringing the FTL drive.<br><br>This is definitely a must-read novel for anyone who wants to get into the Heinlein universe. So many other works are based on it.</li>\n\n</ul>\n\n<h3 id=\"links\">Links</h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyond_This_Horizon\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyond_This_Horizon</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixth_Column\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixth_Column</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Puppet_Masters\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Puppet_Masters</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_Star\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_Star</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take_Back_Your_Government\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take_Back_Your_Government</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Door_into_Summer\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Door_into_Summer</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methuselah%27s_Children\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methuselah%27s_Children</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.palain.com/science-fiction/the-golden-age/robert-a-heinlein/heinleins-earlier-novels/\">https://www.palain.com/science-fiction/the-golden-age/robert-a-heinlein/heinleins-earlier-novels/</a></li>\n</ul>\n',198,124,0,'CC-BY-SA','Science fiction, Heinlein',0,0,1),
(4730,'2026-09-18','Playing Civilization VI Part 1',1007,'We begin our look at the mechanics of this next version of Civilization.','<p>Civilization VI, made a number of changes, and one of the biggest was the introduction of Districts. Buildings that perviously would have just been part of the city now had to be built in special districts, and the game limited how many of them you could build in any one city. This forced you to make choices, and making choices is the heart of the Civilization series.</p>\n\n<h1 class=\"entry-title\">Playing Civilization VI, Part 1</h1>\n						\n<h2>Districts</h2>\n\n<p>As we have said before, the rule for each new version of Civilization is that 1/3 stays the same, 1/3 is tweaked, and 1/3 is new. So among things staying the same is the Hexagonal grid first introduced in Civ V, along with the usual roaming tribe in 4000BC.  But the handling of terrain that a city can use has changed. The old Big Fat Cross was dropped in Civ V, and replaced with a large Hexagon. And how you use the terrain has changed. In older versions of Civilization, the terrain was mostly used for either farming or mining. It was all about resource extraction, in other words. All of the Buildings you constructed you could think of as abstract, or as all living in the City Center. The only reason you had for making different choices in the Build queue was if you didn’t have enough time or resources to build everything. As a result, many cities looked very similar in what got built. You would put a Granary in each city to help it grow, a Barracks in each to build your troops, a Temple in each city to gather Faith, and so on. There wasn’t much a decision here, or at least not enough to satisfy Ed Beach, the Chief Designer of Civ VI. So he came up with a new land use system involving Districts.</p>\n\n<p>With this system, you had to allocate land in your city for most things you would build. If you wanted to focus on Science, for instance, you would have to allocate a tile to a Campus district. Then, inside this district you could build a Library, a University, an Obervatory, and a Research Lab. But that is the only place they could be built. Furthermore, to prevent you from building every district, they limited the number of districts each city could have based on its population. You can always build one district with a new city, but to build another you need to get to a population of 4, and you get the ability to add a District with each additional increment of 3, so at Population 7, 10, 13 you get the ability to add a District. And these Districts have to be constructed as part of the normal city Build process. So in the above example, you would first have to build the Campus district, and when that was complete you could then build the Library to put inside it. And for both the Districts and the buildings inside of them you need to research certain technologies before they become available to you.</p>\n\n<p>Where to locate your districts becomes an issue as well. First of all, the tiles available to you are also your stock of tiles for building Farms and Mines, so you need to make choices here. Of course, making choices is the basis them of all Civilization games. Then there are the adjacency effects of terrain tiles.  Both Campus (Science) and Holy Site (Faith) districts benefit from being adjacent to Mountains, and the adjacency effects are cumulative, so a tile with mountains on 3 sides can have major bonuses. But since this affects both kinds of Districts, again you have to make a choice. If you are aiming at a Science Victory, or a Religious victory, the choice will be easier, but in case you need to choose. As to placing a District, when you decide to build one you will get a highlight on the map of locations that are permissable. But if you have several such sites, you need to  choose which one fits your strategy best.</p>\n\n<h2>District Types</h2>\n\n<p>There are a lot of Districts you can build and listing every one of them here would be tedious. Some are only relevant to late-game situations, others address issues like Housing and Amenities, which we will discuss separately. But there is group of core Districts that every player will need to deal with from the beginning:</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li>City Center – This is one you get automatically when you build a city, and can hold a Granary, a Monument, a Water Mill, and various levels of Walls, ranging from Ancient to Renaissance. </li>\n\n<li>Campus – This is the Science district, and is unlocked by discovering Writing. That comes pretty early so you will get this capability quite easily, but if you are going for a Science victory you might want to make a beeline for Writing. Remember that if you go into the Tech Tree you can click on a tech to select it, and the game will automatically research it and all of its prerequisites. This is very handy for simplifying Research choices. As mentioned, an adjacency bonus is +1 Science for every adjacent Mountain, but you can also get #1 Science for every 2 Rainforest or District tiles. Don’t worry about memorizing these bonuses, they will appear on the map when you are selecting a spot to place your District. Campuses contain Libraries, Universities, Observatories, and Research Labs. And the more built up your Campus Disctrict is, the more Great Scientist points you accumulate. If you want a Science victory you should make it a priority to get Camapus districts put down ASAP in at least a couple of cities, since the effects build like compound interest.</li>\n\n<li>Theater Square – This is the Culture District, and is unlocked by discovering Drama and Poetry. That is a somewhat later tech, use the technique of clicking on it in the Tech Tree to get there quickly if you want to pursue a Culture victory. It contains the Amphitheater, Art Museum, Archeaological Museum, and Broadcast Center. It gives +2 Culture from each adjacent Wonder, and +1 Culture from each 2 adjacent Discrticts. The buildings all have slots for holding Great Works, and generate points for Great Writers, Great Artists, and Great Musicians.</li>\n\n<li>Holy Site – This is the Religious district, and is unlocked when you discover Astrology, which is a fairly early tech. This district contains Shrines, Temples, and other Worship buildings. It generates Faith, which can be surprisingly useful. Civ VI introduced a new system of relgious warfare and new Religious victory type, but in some circumstances you can use Faith to purchase Units and Buildings, so even if you are not intending a Religious victory you should not overlook it. This district generates Great Profit points. It has adjacency bonuses of +1 Faith from every adjacent Mountain tile, and +2 Faith from every adjacent Natural Wonder, so if you are lucky enough to have a Natural Wonder in your city keep this in mind.</li>\n\n<li>Encampment – This is the Military district, and is unlocked by discovering Bronze Working, a very early tech. By building an encampment you can build units that start out with higher Veteran status. In Civ VI I like to build one or two of these in my Empire and use them to construct all of my units. Remember, in Civilization you always want to maintain a strong military to deter your rivals. Buildings include Barracks, Stable, Armory, and Military Academy. This District produces Great General points. It has no adjacency bonus, and cannot be built next to the City Center. But it has strong Defense and can function like the City Center in terms of defense and bombardment capabilities. All newly produced or purchased units will appear in this District, not in the City Center as would otherwise happen. I like to build this on land that is otherwise of low value, like a Desert tile.</li>\n\n<li>Commercial Hub – This is the Commerce district, and is unlocked by discovering Currency. The Buildings you can place in this include the Market, the Bank, and the Stock Exchange. Adjacency bonuses include +2 Gold from an adjacent Harbor, and +2 Gold for each Adjacent river. So if your city includes a river that runs into the ocean, place a Harbor in the right spot and then a Commercial Hub and watch the Gold pile up! The Commercial Hub generates Great Merchant points. In addition, a Commercial Hub gives you one additional Trade Route, another way to generate more cash. As we have seen in this series, in all Civilization games a healthy Treasury is a major part of a successful game no matter what Victory type you are pursuing.</li>\n\n<li>Harbor – This is the Seafaring District and is unlocked when you discover Celestial Navigation. Buildings in this district include Lighthouse, Shipyard, and Seaport. And if you don’t have a Commercial Hub in the city, adding a harbor can give you one additional Trade Route. Adjacency bonuses include +1 Gold from each adjacent Coastal resource, and +1 Gold from every 2 adjacent District tiles. There is also a bonus of +2 Gold if adjacent to the City Center. This district has to be built in Coastal waters adjacent to Land, but note that the City Center does not need to be on the Coast to build this. You just need to have Coastal Waters available within your city. This district generates Great Admiral points. While this district is important for projecting Maritime power, it is equally useful for generating Gold, reflecting the fact that historically Maritime powers have been the most successful traders and the wealthiest nations.</li>\n\n<li>Industrial Zone – This is the Production district, and is unlocked when you discover Apprenticeship. Its buildings include the Workshop, the Factory, and the Power Plant. Adjacency bonuses include +1 Production from each adjacent Quarry or Mine, and +1 from each two adjacent Districts. One interesting thing is that some of the prodction bonuses from this district can applly to any City whose City Center is within 6 tiles, so it is possible by careful placement to have one Industrial Zone that benefits 2-3 cities. This district generates Great Engineer points.</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>These are the major districts you will be dealing with, and note that each one generates Great Person points. But note also that there are 7 of them. You can certainly have a large Empire that contains at least one of each. But to have all of them in one city would require a population of 22, which can happen if you aim for it, but also would mean very little in the way of farming or mining. I have seen expert players do a “one city challenge” where they attempt to win a victory with only one very large city, but I have never been interested in that sort of thing. I play to relax and enjoy myself. And one more thing about adjacency bonuses: you get bonuses even from Districts in a different city. As an example if you place a Commercial Hub from City A next to a Theater Square from City B, both Districts can benefit from the adjacency. </p>\n\n\n<h3 id=\"links\">Links</h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/District_(Civ6\">https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/District_(Civ6</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.palain.com/gaming/civilization-vi/playing-civilization-vi-part-1/\">https://www.palain.com/gaming/civilization-vi/playing-civilization-vi-part-1/</a></li>\n</ul>\n',198,122,0,'CC-BY-SA','Computer games, strategy games, Civilization VI, Districts',0,0,1),
(4740,'2026-10-02','Robert A. Heinlein in the 1960s',710,'In the 1960s Heinlein reached his peak.','<p>The 1960s were when Heinlein produced some of his most famous works. And they started to bring him fame outside the Science Fiction community, which was most unusual.</p>\n\n<h1 class=\"entry-title\">Heinlein in the 1960s</h1>\n\n<p>Heinlein had interests that he tended to keep hidden in the early years while he was establishing himself as a writer, particularly as he was feeding the lucrative Juvenile market. These included things like sex, nudism, and unusual political and religious views. But when Scribners rejected <em>Starship Troopers</em> he not only abandoned writing Juveniles, but decided he could be a lot more open about his views. And this resulted in his most famous novel. This is the one novel that people who are not science fiction fans are likely to have read, particularly in the 1960s.</p>\n\n<h2><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stranger_in_a_Strange_Land\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Stranger In A Strange Land (1961)</a></em>  </h2>\n\n<p>This novel won just about every award possible: Hugo, Locus, Prometheus. It was the first science fiction novel to crack the New York Times Best Seller list. And the Library of Congress named it as one of 88 “books that shaped America”. And it even introduced a new word to the English language: grok.<br><br>The stranger in the title is Valentine Michael Smith, an infant born to one of the astronauts, and then raised by Martians. He is brought back to Earth by a later mission, and his adventures in this strange land are what the book is mostly about. But in so doing, Heinlein writes a satire on religion and also espouses very different approach to love and sexuality than was considered proper at the time. And this attracted the hippies of the 1960s, for whom it became a Bible, much to the annoyance of Heinlein who did not appreciate them knocking on his door. The book had the original title of “The Heretic”, and was intended to challenge social norms about religion and monogamy. Heinlein’s own take on the reaction to the novel was that he was surprised that some readers thought the book described how he believed society should be organized, explaining: “I was&nbsp;<em>not</em>&nbsp;giving answers. I was trying to shake the reader loose from some preconceptions and induce him to think for himself, along new and fresh lines. In consequence, each reader gets something different out of that book because he himself supplies the answers … It is an invitation to think – not to believe.”<br><br>The book also exemplifies the characters that Heinlein managed to put into most of his stories. Michael is the naive young man who needs to learn better, and Jubal Harshaw is the wise old man who becomes his mentor.</p>\n\n<h2><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podkayne_of_Mars\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podkayne_of_Mars\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Podkayne of Mars (1963)</a></em></h2>\n\n<p>The heroine of this book, Podkayne, is a teenage girl who is invited along with her younger brother on a luxury cruise with their uncle Tom from their home on Mars to go to Earth. We learn along the way that Mars was once a prison colony (echoing Australia), and that Podkayne’s family are of Maori ancestry. In the United States, at least, this would count as “colored”, and reflects Heinlein’s subversion of racist ideas in his works. Much of the travelogue on the luxury liner reflects Heinlein’s own experiences as depicted in his non-fiction book <em>Tramp Royale</em> which covers his own world cruise. But old uncle Tom is actually a diplomat using the kids as cover, and they get kidnapped by people who want him to take a certain position at talks to held at Luna. Podkayne’s brother Clarke is portrayed as a genius but lacking certain qualities of empathy, and in the end he manages to get her killed. The publisher rejected this ending an insisted on one where she lived. Later Heinlein published a version with both endings and invited people to vote on which one they preferred, and the one where she died won. Heinlein’s own objection was that it was like changing the ending to Romeo and Juliet into one where they both lived happily ever after. Since then the book has been published with Heinlein’s preferred ending.</p>\n\n<h2><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orphans_of_the_Sky\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orphans_of_the_Sky\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Orphans of the Sky (1963)</a></em></h2>\n\n<p>This is basically a couple of novellas from 1941put together as a complete novel. The first novella, <em>Universe</em>, was recognized by the Science Fiction Writers of America by including it in their volume <em>The Science Fiction Hall of Fame, Volume Two</em>. This is a story about a generation ship, i.e. a ship that will take generations to arrive due the speed of light limit. In this case, the people who understood what this was all about are long dead, and we learn that at one point there was a mutiny and the the ship’s officers were killed. In Universe, the descendants of the remaining people think the ship is all there is, it is the Universe to them. In the second novella, <em>Common Sense</em>, a few people find some of the old records and work out what the situation is. Then, seeing a star growing larger ahead of them, they take a life boat and land on a habitable moon of a giant planet.<br><br>This is part of the Future History, as Rhysling and his “Green Hills of Earth” are brought up, and it is also referred to in <em>Time Enough For Love</em>, where it is revealed that this ship is the sister ship to the one the Howard Families stole in <em>Methusaleh’s Children</em>. But being that this is from 1941 it does not show the polish and mastery of Heinlein’s other work of the 1960s.</p>\n\n<h2><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glory_Road\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glory_Road\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Glory Road (1963)</em></a></h2>\n\n<p>Some stories make you wonder if they are Fantasy or if they are Science Fiction, and this is one of them. Of course, Heinlein would just call it Speculative Fiction and not worry about it. A former soldier has just been discharged from a war in Southeast Asia. The country is not mentioned, but this is 1963 and Vietnam was just bubbling up into people’s consciousness. With nothing to do, he meets up with a gorgeous woman who invites him on a quest. This takes them to other worlds and involves a certain amount of swordplay, culminating in a sword fight against Cyrano de Bergerac. The woman turns out to be the Empress of many worlds, and the quest was to retrieve the Egg of the Phoenix, a cybernetic device containing the memories and personalities of most of her predecessors, and now she has to absorb all of this, which is fine for her but leaves or hero pretty useless. Finally he goes looking for another quest.<br><br>This is a really good novel, and was nominated for the Hugo, but it lost out to Clifford Simak’s <em>Way Station</em>. We should probably discuss Simak at some point, he was an important writer with a distinct style.</p>\n\n<h2><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farnham%27s_Freehold\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farnham%27s_Freehold\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Farnhams’ Freehold (1964)</a></em></h2>\n\n<p>This novel attempts to be satire on race relations, but is in my view a failure. A nuclear war happens, and a group of people in a fallout shelter find that they have been transported into the future (or is it an alternative universe?). The war pretty much destroyed the societies of the northern hemisphere, leaving things open for the Africans and other southerners to become dominant. And of course the blacks enslave the whites and re-enact the worst excesses of the ante-bellum American South. When I am in the mood to go back and re-read some Heinlein, this is not one I pick.</p>\n\n<h2><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Moon_Is_a_Harsh_Mistress\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Moon_Is_a_Harsh_Mistress\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Moon Is A Harsh Mistress (1966)</a></em></h2>\n\n<p>This is one of Heinlein’s best novels, set on a lunar colony. The moon has been used as a penal colony, but of course most of the people there now are descendants of the people originally exiled there. The Warden runs things, but as long as the grain shipments are on schedule he doesn’t bother much with the affairs of the “Loonies”. The background here is fascinating, describing a nearly anarchic society. Men out number women two to one, leading to some interesting marriage customs, including something called “line marriage” which is a type of group marriage. The wise old man role is played by Professor Bernardo de la Paz (Prof), while the young man he mentors is Manuel O’Kelly-Davis (Mannie). Mannie is computer technician who discovers the big mainframe computer that runs everything has become sentient. And since the computer has the acronym HOLMES, he names it Mycroft Holmes (Mike), for Sherlock’s smarter brother. They all become involved in a revolution against the Earth government, which in theory is led by Prof, but in fact is led by Mike. Since he is a computer, and keeps his sentience a secret, he creates a persona of Adam Selene to be the figurehead<br><br>I said that the background of this lunar colony is fascinating in itself, but the book is also a discourse on the nature of government, libertarianism, and what it means to be free. That was something Heinlein was prone to do, and it did not always work well. In some of his last works he tended to pontificate in a way that left the story behind, but in this novel the story is interesting all the way through. This the novel that popularized the acronym TANSTAAFL, which means There Ain’t No Such Thing As A Free Lunch, and which is the motto of the Loonies. Hazel Stone, of The Rolling Stones, appears here as a 12-year-old girl involved in the revolution, and both she and Mike also appear in later works of Heinlein. I recommend this book highly.<br><br>This novel won the Hugo award (by the fans), was nominated for the Nebula Award (by the writers), was named one of the Top 10 novels in the Locus poll, and won the Prometheus Hall of Fame Award.</p>\n\n\n<h3 id=\"links\">Links</h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stranger_in_a_Strange_Land\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stranger_in_a_Strange_Land</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podkayne_of_Mars\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podkayne_of_Mars</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orphans_of_the_Sky\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orphans_of_the_Sky</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glory_Road\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glory_Road</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farnham%27s_Freehold\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farnham%27s_Freehold</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Moon_Is_a_Harsh_Mistress\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Moon_Is_a_Harsh_Mistress</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.palain.com/science-fiction/the-golden-age/robert-a-heinlein/heinlein-in-the-1960s/\">https://www.palain.com/science-fiction/the-golden-age/robert-a-heinlein/heinlein-in-the-1960s/</a></li>\n</ul>\n',198,124,0,'CC-BY-SA','Science fiction, Heinlein',0,0,1),
(4527,'2025-12-09','Overly Complicated Media Ripping setup',387,'Archer72 shares a somewhat complicated version of a DVD/Blu-ray ripping setup','<p>Hello, this is your host Archer72 for Hacker Public Radio. In this\nepisode, I share my overly complicated media ripping setup, and hope it\nhelps someone.</p>\n<p>First of all, I have revised my media ripping setup since <a\nhref=\"https://hackerpublicradio.org/eps/hpr3294/index.html\"\ntitle=\"HPR3294 - Update to MakeMKV to back up media\">HPR3294 - Update to\nMakeMKV to back up media</a></p>\n<p>I’ve changed my mind about only using a terminal for ripping media,\nand it was time to make a change. Now, I start both MakeMKV and\nHandbrake from a remote GUI, either on my laptop or phone.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>VNC server for remote GUI\n<ul>\n<li>virt-manager server</li>\n</ul></li>\n</ul>\n<pre><code>sudo apt install tigervnc-common</code></pre>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://remmina.org\" title=\"Remmina VNC viewer\">Remmina VNC\nviewer</a>, tabbed viewing\n<ul>\n<li>Debian desktop</li>\n</ul></li>\n<li>VNC Client for Android\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://f-droid.org/packages/com.gaurav.avnc\"\ntitle=\"AVNC client on F-Droid\">AVNC client on F-Droid</a></li>\n</ul></li>\n<li>NFS server on Raspberry Pi\n<ul>\n<li>Remote for Intel mini PC Server</li>\n</ul></li>\n</ul>\n<pre><code>mark-hpprodesk600g2dm\n    description: Space-saving Computer\n    product: HP ProDesk 600 G2 DM (Y0E36UP#ABA)\n    vendor: HP\n    serial: xxxxxxxx \n    width: 64 bits</code></pre>\n<pre><code>sudo apt install nfs-kernel-server</code></pre>\n<p>Added symbolic links to <code>/srv/</code> for ease of use</p>\n<pre><code>Oct 28 05:34 dvdrip -&gt; /mnt/USBdrive-12Tb/DVDrip/\nOct 28 05:30 movies -&gt; /mnt/USBdrive-12Tb/Movies/\nOct 30 05:20 tv -&gt; /mnt/USBdrive-12Tb/TV</code></pre>\n<pre><code>192.168.50.20:/mnt/USBdrive-12Tb/DVDrip /mnt/dvdrip nfs users,defaults,_netdev,nofail 0 0\n192.168.50.20:/mnt/USBdrive-12Tb/TV /mnt/tv nfs\nusers,defaults,_netdev,nofail </code></pre>\n<ul>\n<li>Blu Ray writer</li>\n</ul>\n<pre><code>*-cdrom\n     description: DVD-RAM writer\n     product: BDDVDRW CH20L\n     vendor: hp\n     physical id: 0.0.0\n     bus info: scsi@9:0.0.0\n     logical name: /dev/sr1\n     version: BC33\n     capabilities: removable audio cd-r cd-rw dvd dvd-r dvd-ram</code></pre>\n<ul>\n<li><p>MakeMKV</p>\n<ul>\n<li><p><a href=\"https://forum.makemkv.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=38872\"\ntitle=\"DVD and Blu-ray disks won&#39;t stop loading on updated MakeMKV\">Discs\nwon’t stop loading</a></p></li>\n<li><p><a href=\"https://forum.makemkv.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=178186\"\ntitle=\"MakeMKV above v1.17.7 still broken on Linux\">MakeMKV above\nv1.17.7 still broken on Linux</a></p></li>\n<li><p>Downgraded version</p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://makemkv.com/download/old/\"\ntitle=\"Old versions of MakeMKV\">Old versions of MakeMKV</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://makemkv.com/download/old/makemkv-bin-1.17.7.tar.gz\"\ntitle=\"makemkv-bin-1.17.7.tar.gz\">makemkv-bin-1.17.7.tar.gz</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://makemkv.com/download/old/makemkv-oss-1.17.7.tar.gz\"\ntitle=\"makemkv-oss-1.17.7.tar.gz\">makemkv-oss-1.17.7.tar.gz</a></li>\n</ul></li>\n</ul></li>\n<li><p>Tailscale</p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://tailscale.com/kb/1626/install-debian-trixie\"\ntitle=\"Tailscale on Debian trixie\">on Debian trixie</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://f-droid.org/packages/com.tailscale.ipn\"\ntitle=\"Tailscale on F-droid\">Tailscale on F-droid</a></li>\n</ul></li>\n</ul>\n<p><a href=\"hpr4527_image_1.png\" title=\"Screenshot of MakeMKV while using Remmina remote desktop viewer\">MakeMKV\nvia Remmina <br><img src=\"hpr4527_image_1_tn.png\"></a></p>\n<p><a href=\"hpr4527_image_2.png\" title=\"Screenshot of Handbrake video encoder, while using Remmina remote desktop viewer\">Handbrake\nvia Remmina <br><img src=\"hpr4527_image_2_tn.png\"></a></p>',318,0,0,'CC-BY-SA','MakeMKV, Handbrake, DVD, Blu-ray, Plex, Jellyfin, VNC, Remmina, Tailscale',0,0,1),
(4531,'2025-12-15','HPR Beer Garden 6 - Imperial Stouts',2706,'Kevie and Dave talk about Imperial Stouts','<p>\nKevie and Dave continue their look at winter beers with the a look at Imperial Stouts. In this episode Kevie tries Knight of Ren by Yorkshire based microbrewery <a href=\"https://www.tartarusbeers.co.uk/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nTartarus</a>\nand Dave samples <a href=\"https://untappd.com/b/vault-city-brewing-toffee-nut-latte/6426812\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nToffee Nut Latte Imperial Stout</a>\nby Edinburgh based <a href=\"https://vaultcity.co.uk/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nVault City</a>\n.</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n<a href=\"hpr4531_image_1.png\">\n<img src=\"hpr4531_image_1_tn.png\">\n</a>\n</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\nConnect with the guys on Untappd:</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<a href=\"https://untappd.com/user/thelovebug\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nDave</a>\n</li>\n<li>\n<a href=\"https://untappd.com/user/kevie49\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nKevie</a>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n',296,14,0,'CC-BY-SA','beer, beergarden',0,0,1),
(4524,'2025-12-04','Living the Tux Life Episode 3 - Automating the Install',376,'How i automate my mint os install ','\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n<a href=\"https://code.christman.uk/Linux/linux%20-mint-with-custom-lvm-on-luks\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nSetting up Linux Mint with Custom LVM and Luks</a>\n</p>\n\n<h1 id=\"linux-mint-with-custom-lvm-on-luks\">Linux Mint with Custom LVM on LUKS</h1>\n<h2 id=\"overview\">Overview</h2>\n<p>The current Linux Mint installer doesn&#39;t support custom partitions when setting up a new machine with LUKS encryption using LVM. I prefer having a separate partition for my home directory and a backup partition for Timeshift, so that reinstalling or fixing issues won&#39;t overwrite my home directory. </p>\n<p>I found several approaches to achieve this. One method involves setting up partitions first and then using the installer to select them, but this requires extensive post-installation configuration to get boot working with the encrypted drive. </p>\n<p>I discovered this <a href=\"https://www.dwarmstrong.org/rearrange-lvm-after-mint-install/\">blog</a> which explains how to repartition your drive after installation. Combined with my guide on setting up hibernation, I created this documentation to help remember how to install a fresh copy of Linux Mint with LVM and LUKS.</p>\n<p><strong>Tested on:</strong> Linux Mint 22 Cinnamon</p>\n<h2 id=\"partition-layout\">Partition Layout</h2>\n<p>For this guide, I&#39;m working with a 1TB drive that will be split into the following logical volumes:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Root</strong> - 100GB (system files and applications)</li>\n<li><strong>Swap</strong> - 32GB (for hibernation support)</li>\n<li><strong>Home</strong> - 700GB (user files and documents)</li>\n<li><strong>Backup</strong> - 100GB (Timeshift snapshots)</li>\n<li><strong>Unallocated</strong> - ~68GB (reserved for future expansion)</li>\n</ul>\n<p>This setup ensures that system snapshots and user data remain separate, making system recovery much easier.</p>\n<h2 id=\"installation-guide\">Installation Guide</h2>\n<h3 id=\"step-1-initial-linux-mint-installation\">Step 1: Initial Linux Mint Installation</h3>\n<p>Start the Linux Mint installation process as normal:</p>\n<ol>\n<li>Boot from your Linux Mint installation media</li>\n<li>Follow the installation wizard (language, keyboard layout, etc.)</li>\n<li>When you reach the <strong>Installation type</strong> screen:<ul>\n<li>Select <strong>&quot;Erase disk and install Linux Mint&quot;</strong></li>\n<li>Click <strong>&quot;Advanced features&quot;</strong></li>\n<li>Enable both options:<ul>\n<li>✓ <strong>Use LVM with the new Linux Mint installation</strong></li>\n<li>✓ <strong>Encrypt the new Linux Mint installation for security</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>Click <strong>Continue</strong></li>\n</ul>\n</li>\n<li>Enter a strong encryption password when prompted</li>\n<li>Complete the rest of the installation (timezone, user account, etc.)</li>\n<li>When installation finishes, <strong>do NOT click &quot;Restart Now&quot;</strong> - we&#39;ll repartition first</li>\n</ol>\n<p><strong>Important:</strong> Do NOT reboot after installation completes. We need to repartition before the first boot.</p>\n<h3 id=\"step-2-access-root-terminal\">Step 2: Access Root Terminal</h3>\n<p>After installation finishes, open a terminal and switch to root:</p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-bash\"><span class=\"hljs-attribute\">sudo -i</span>\n</code></pre>\n<p>This gives you administrative privileges needed for disk operations.</p>\n<h3 id=\"step-3-check-current-disk-layout\">Step 3: Check Current Disk Layout</h3>\n<p>View your current partition structure:</p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-bash\">lsblk <span class=\"hljs-_\">-f</span>\n</code></pre>\n<p>This displays your filesystem layout. You should see your encrypted volume group (typically <code>vgmint</code>) with a large root partition consuming most of the space.</p>\n<h3 id=\"step-4-resize-root-partition\">Step 4: Resize Root Partition</h3>\n<p>Shrink the root partition from its default size (nearly full disk) to 100GB:</p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-bash\">lvresize -L <span class=\"hljs-number\">100</span>G <span class=\"hljs-comment\">--resizefs vgmint/root</span>\n</code></pre>\n<p><strong>What this does:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>-L 100G</code> sets the logical volume size to exactly 100GB</li>\n<li><code>--resizefs</code> automatically resizes the filesystem to match</li>\n<li>This frees up ~900GB for our other partitions</li>\n</ul>\n<h3 id=\"step-5-resize-swap-partition\">Step 5: Resize Swap Partition</h3>\n<p>The default swap is usually small (a few GB). We need to increase it to 32GB for hibernation:</p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-bash\">lvresize <span class=\"hljs-comment\">--verbose -L +32G /dev/mapper/vgmint-swap_1</span>\n</code></pre>\n<p><strong>What this does:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>-L +32G</code> adds 32GB to the current swap size</li>\n<li><code>--verbose</code> shows detailed progress information</li>\n<li>This ensures enough swap space for RAM contents during hibernation</li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Note:</strong> For hibernation to work, swap should be at least equal to your RAM size. Adjust accordingly.</p>\n<h3 id=\"step-6-create-home-partition\">Step 6: Create Home Partition</h3>\n<p>Create a new logical volume for your home directory:</p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-bash\">lvcreate -L <span class=\"hljs-number\">700</span>G vgmint -n <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">home</span>\n</code></pre>\n<p><strong>What this does:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>-L 700G</code> creates a 700GB logical volume</li>\n<li><code>vgmint</code> is the volume group name</li>\n<li><code>-n home</code> names the new volume &quot;home&quot;</li>\n</ul>\n<h3 id=\"step-7-create-backup-partition\">Step 7: Create Backup Partition</h3>\n<p>Create a logical volume for Timeshift backups:</p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-bash\">lvcreate -L <span class=\"hljs-number\">100</span>G vgmint -<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">n</span> backup\n</code></pre>\n<p><strong>What this does:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Creates a dedicated 100GB space for system snapshots</li>\n<li>Keeps backups separate from user data</li>\n<li>Prevents backups from filling up your home partition</li>\n</ul>\n<h3 id=\"step-8-format-new-partitions\">Step 8: Format New Partitions</h3>\n<p>Format both new partitions with the ext4 filesystem:</p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-bash\">mkfs<span class=\"hljs-selector-class\">.ext4</span> /dev/vgmint/backup\nmkfs<span class=\"hljs-selector-class\">.ext4</span> /dev/vgmint/home\n</code></pre>\n<p><strong>What this does:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Creates ext4 filesystems on both logical volumes</li>\n<li>ext4 is the standard Linux filesystem with good performance and reliability</li>\n</ul>\n<h3 id=\"step-9-mount-partitions\">Step 9: Mount Partitions</h3>\n<p>Create mount points and mount your partitions:</p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-bash\">mkdir <span class=\"hljs-regexp\">/mnt/</span>{root,home}\nmount <span class=\"hljs-regexp\">/dev/</span>vgmint<span class=\"hljs-regexp\">/root /m</span>nt<span class=\"hljs-regexp\">/root/</span>\nmount <span class=\"hljs-regexp\">/dev/</span>vgmint<span class=\"hljs-regexp\">/home /m</span>nt<span class=\"hljs-regexp\">/home/</span>\n</code></pre>\n<p><strong>What this does:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Creates temporary directories to access the filesystems</li>\n<li>Mounts root and home so we can configure them</li>\n</ul>\n<h3 id=\"step-10-move-home-directory-contents\">Step 10: Move Home Directory Contents</h3>\n<p>Move the existing home directory contents from the root partition to the new home partition:</p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-bash\">mv <span class=\"hljs-regexp\">/mnt/</span>root<span class=\"hljs-regexp\">/home/</span>* <span class=\"hljs-regexp\">/mnt/</span>home<span class=\"hljs-regexp\">/</span>\n</code></pre>\n<p><strong>What this does:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Transfers all user files and directories from the old location to the new home partition</li>\n<li>Preserves your user account settings and any files created during installation</li>\n<li>Without this step, your home directory would be empty on first boot</li>\n</ul>\n<h3 id=\"step-11-update-fstab\">Step 11: Update fstab</h3>\n<p>Add the home partition to the system&#39;s fstab file so it mounts automatically at boot:</p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-bash\">echo <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"/dev/mapper/vgmint-home /home           ext4    defaults        0 2\"</span> &gt;&gt; <span class=\"hljs-regexp\">/mnt/</span>root<span class=\"hljs-regexp\">/etc/</span>fstab\n</code></pre>\n<p><strong>What this does:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Appends a mount entry to <code>/etc/fstab</code></li>\n<li>Ensures <code>/home</code> partition mounts automatically at startup</li>\n<li>The <code>0 2</code> values enable filesystem checks during boot</li>\n</ul>\n<h3 id=\"step-12-clean-up-and-prepare-for-reboot\">Step 12: Clean Up and Prepare for Reboot</h3>\n<p>Unmount the partitions and deactivate the volume group:</p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-bash\">umount <span class=\"hljs-regexp\">/mnt/</span>root\numount <span class=\"hljs-regexp\">/mnt/</span>home\nswapoff -a\nlvchange -an vgmint\n</code></pre>\n<p><strong>What this does:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Safely unmounts all mounted filesystems</li>\n<li>Turns off swap</li>\n<li>Deactivates the volume group to prevent conflicts</li>\n<li>Ensures everything is properly closed before reboot</li>\n</ul>\n<h3 id=\"step-13-reboot\">Step 13: Reboot</h3>\n<p>Now you can safely reboot into your new system:</p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-bash\"><span class=\"hljs-attribute\">reboot</span>\n</code></pre>\n<p>Enter your LUKS encryption password at boot, then log in normally.</p>\n<h2 id=\"verification\">Verification</h2>\n<p>After rebooting, verify your partition setup:</p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-bash\">lsblk -<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">f</span>\ndf -<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">h</span>\n</code></pre>\n<p>You should see:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Root (<code>/</code>) mounted with ~100GB</li>\n<li>Home (<code>/home</code>) mounted with ~700GB</li>\n<li>Swap available with 32GB</li>\n<li>Backup partition ready for Timeshift configuration</li>\n</ul>\n<h2 id=\"setting-up-timeshift\">Setting Up Timeshift</h2>\n<p>To complete your backup solution:</p>\n<ol>\n<li>Install Timeshift (if not already installed): <code>sudo apt install timeshift</code></li>\n<li>Launch Timeshift and select RSYNC mode</li>\n<li>Choose the backup partition as your snapshot location</li>\n<li>Configure your backup schedule (daily, weekly, monthly)</li>\n<li>Create your first snapshot</li>\n</ol>\n<h2 id=\"additional-resources\">Additional Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.dwarmstrong.org/rearrange-lvm-after-mint-install/\">Original blog post on LVM rearrangement</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"./setting-up-hibernation-linux-mint.md\">Setting up hibernation on Linux Mint</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2 id=\"conclusion\">Conclusion</h2>\n<p>This setup gives you the best of both worlds: the security of full-disk encryption with LUKS, and the flexibility of custom LVM partitions. Your home directory and system backups are now isolated, making system recovery and upgrades much safer and more manageable.</p>\n\n<hr>\n\n\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n<a href=\"https://code.christman.uk/Linux/auto-setup-linuxmint-after-fresh-install\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nAutomating Your Linux Mint Setup After a Fresh Install</a>\n</p>\n\n<h1 id=\"automating-your-linux-mint-setup-after-a-fresh-install\">Automating Your Linux Mint Setup After a Fresh Install</h1>\n<p>Setting up a fresh Linux Mint installation can be time-consuming, especially when you want to replicate your perfect development environment. This guide will show you how to automate the entire process using Ansible and configuration backups, so you can go from a fresh install to a fully configured system in minutes.</p>\n<h2 id=\"why-automate-your-setup-\">Why Automate Your Setup?</h2>\n<p>Whether you&#39;re setting up a new machine, recovering from a system failure, or just want to maintain consistency across multiple computers, automation offers several key benefits:</p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Time Savings:</strong> What normally takes hours can be done in minutes</li>\n<li><strong>Consistency:</strong> Identical setup across all your machines</li>\n<li><strong>Documentation:</strong> Your setup becomes self-documenting</li>\n<li><strong>Recovery:</strong> Quick recovery from system failures</li>\n<li><strong>Reproducibility:</strong> Never forget to install that one crucial tool again</li>\n</ul>\n<h2 id=\"discovering-your-installed-applications\">Discovering Your Installed Applications</h2>\n<p>Before creating your automation setup, you need to identify which applications you&#39;ve manually installed since the initial OS installation. This helps you build a complete picture of your custom environment.</p>\n<h3 id=\"finding-apt-and-deb-packages\">Finding APT and .deb Packages</h3>\n<p>To see all manually installed packages (excluding those that came with the OS):</p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-bash\">comm -<span class=\"hljs-number\">23</span> &lt;(apt-mark showmanual | <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">sort</span> -u) &lt;(gzip -dc <span class=\"hljs-regexp\">/var/</span>log<span class=\"hljs-regexp\">/installer/i</span>nitial-status.gz | sed -n <span class=\"hljs-string\">\'s/^Package: //p\'</span> | <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">sort</span> -u)\n</code></pre>\n<p><strong>What this does:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>apt-mark showmanual</code> lists all manually installed packages</li>\n<li><code>/var/log/installer/initial-status.gz</code> contains packages from the initial installation</li>\n<li><code>comm -23</code> compares the two lists and shows only packages you installed after setup</li>\n<li>This helps you identify exactly what to include in your Ansible playbook</li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Tip:</strong> Save this output to a file for reference:</p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-bash\">comm -<span class=\"hljs-number\">23</span> &lt;(apt-mark showmanual | <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">sort</span> -u) &lt;(gzip -dc <span class=\"hljs-regexp\">/var/</span>log<span class=\"hljs-regexp\">/installer/i</span>nitial-status.gz | sed -n <span class=\"hljs-string\">\'s/^Package: //p\'</span> | <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">sort</span> -u) &gt; manually-installed-packages.txt\n</code></pre>\n<h3 id=\"finding-flatpak-applications\">Finding Flatpak Applications</h3>\n<p>To list all installed Flatpak applications:</p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-bash\">flatpak <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">list</span> <span class=\"hljs-comment\">--app</span>\n</code></pre>\n<p><strong>What this does:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Lists all Flatpak applications installed on your system</li>\n<li>The <code>--app</code> flag filters out runtimes and shows only applications</li>\n<li>Use this list to populate the Flatpak section of your Ansible playbook</li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Getting more details:</strong></p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-bash\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Show application IDs (needed for Ansible)</span>\nflatpak <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">list</span> <span class=\"hljs-comment\">--app --columns=application</span>\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Show with origin (where it was installed from)</span>\nflatpak <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">list</span> <span class=\"hljs-comment\">--app --columns=application,origin</span>\n</code></pre>\n<h3 id=\"creating-your-package-inventory\">Creating Your Package Inventory</h3>\n<p>Use these commands to build a comprehensive inventory:</p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-bash\"># Create a directory <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for</span> your automation files\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">mkdir</span> -p ~/linux-mint-automation\n\n# <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">Save</span> APT packages\ncomm -23 &lt;(apt-<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">mark</span> showmanual | <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">sort</span> -<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">u</span>) &lt;(gzip -dc /<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">var</span>/<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">log</span>/installer/initial-status.gz | sed -<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">n</span> \'s/^Package: <span class=\"hljs-comment\">//p\' | sort -u) &gt; ~/linux-mint-automation/apt-packages.txt</span>\n\n# <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">Save</span> Flatpak apps\nflatpak <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">list</span> --<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">app</span> --columns=application &gt; ~/linux-mint-automation/flatpak-apps.txt\n</code></pre>\n<p>Now you have a clear reference of what needs to be included in your automation setup!</p>\n<h2 id=\"overview-of-the-automation-strategy\">Overview of the Automation Strategy</h2>\n<p>This guide uses a three-part approach:</p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Ansible Playbook</strong> - Automates software installation and system configuration</li>\n<li><strong>Configuration Files</strong> - Backs up and restores application settings from <code>.config</code></li>\n<li><strong>dconf Backup</strong> - Preserves desktop environment settings (Cinnamon/GNOME)</li>\n</ol>\n<p>I store all configurations in a private repository to protect any sensitive information while keeping everything version-controlled and easily accessible.</p>\n<h2 id=\"prerequisites\">Prerequisites</h2>\n<p>Before you begin, make sure you have:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>A fresh Linux Mint installation</li>\n<li>Terminal access</li>\n<li>An internet connection</li>\n<li>Basic familiarity with the command line</li>\n</ul>\n<h2 id=\"step-by-step-setup-process\">Step-by-Step Setup Process</h2>\n<h3 id=\"step-1-update-your-system\">Step 1: Update Your System</h3>\n<p>First things first—let&#39;s make sure your system is up to date:</p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-bash\">sudo apt <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">update</span>\nsudo apt <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">upgrade</span> -y\n</code></pre>\n<p><strong>What this does:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Updates the package index to get the latest package information</li>\n<li>Upgrades all installed packages to their latest versions</li>\n<li>The <code>-y</code> flag automatically confirms all prompts</li>\n</ul>\n<h3 id=\"step-2-install-ansible\">Step 2: Install Ansible</h3>\n<p>Ansible is a powerful automation tool that will handle the bulk of our software installation. Add the official Ansible PPA and install it:</p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-bash\">sudo apt-<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">add</span>-repository <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">pp</span><span class=\"hljs-variable\">a:ansible</span>/ansible\nsudo apt <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">update</span>\nsudo apt install ansible\n</code></pre>\n<p><strong>What this does:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Adds the official Ansible Personal Package Archive (PPA)</li>\n<li>Refreshes package information to include Ansible packages</li>\n<li>Installs the latest version of Ansible</li>\n</ul>\n<h3 id=\"step-3-create-your-ansible-playbook\">Step 3: Create Your Ansible Playbook</h3>\n<p>Create an Ansible playbook that defines your entire system configuration. This YAML file will automate software installation from multiple sources.</p>\n<p>Create a file named <code>localsetup.yml</code>:</p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-yaml\">-<span class=\"ruby\"> <span class=\"hljs-symbol\">hosts:</span> localhost\n</span>  become: true\n\n  vars:\n    # Add any variables here (URLs, versions, etc.)\n\n  tasks:\n    # Install prerequisites\n    -<span class=\"ruby\"> <span class=\"hljs-symbol\">name:</span> Install prerequisites <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for</span> Ansible to install .deb via apt <span class=\"hljs-class\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">module</span></span>\n</span>      apt:\n        name:\n          -<span class=\"ruby\"> xz-utils\n</span>        state: present\n\n    -<span class=\"ruby\"> <span class=\"hljs-symbol\">name:</span> Ensure wget <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">and</span> gpg are installed\n</span>      apt:\n        name:\n          -<span class=\"ruby\"> wget\n</span>          -<span class=\"ruby\"> gpg\n</span>        state: present\n\n    # Install applications from .deb packages\n    -<span class=\"ruby\"> <span class=\"hljs-symbol\">name:</span> Install Google Chrome\n</span>      apt:\n        deb: https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb\n\n    # Add third-party repositories\n    -<span class=\"ruby\"> <span class=\"hljs-symbol\">name:</span> Add signing key <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">for</span> Tailscale\n</span>      get_url:\n        url: https://pkgs.tailscale.com/stable/ubuntu/jammy.noarmor.gpg\n        dest: /usr/share/keyrings/tailscale.gpg\n        mode: \'0644\'\n\n    -<span class=\"ruby\"> <span class=\"hljs-symbol\">name:</span> Add Tailscale repository\n</span>      apt_repository:\n        repo: \"deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/tailscale.gpg] https://pkgs.tailscale.com/stable/ubuntu jammy main\"\n        filename: tailscale\n        state: present\n\n    -<span class=\"ruby\"> <span class=\"hljs-symbol\">name:</span> Update package cache after adding repositories\n</span>      ansible.builtin.apt:\n        update_cache: yes\n\n    # Install standard packages from Ubuntu/Mint repositories\n    -<span class=\"ruby\"> <span class=\"hljs-symbol\">name:</span> Install essential applications\n</span>      apt:\n        pkg:\n          -<span class=\"ruby\"> tailscale\n</span>          -<span class=\"ruby\"> git\n</span>          -<span class=\"ruby\"> diodon          <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Clipboard manager</span>\n</span>          -<span class=\"ruby\"> pavucontrol     <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># PulseAudio volume control</span>\n</span>          -<span class=\"ruby\"> guake           <span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Drop-down terminal</span>\n</span>          -<span class=\"ruby\"> vim\n</span>          -<span class=\"ruby\"> curl\n</span>          -<span class=\"ruby\"> htop\n</span>        state: present\n\n    # Install Flatpak applications\n    -<span class=\"ruby\"> <span class=\"hljs-symbol\">name:</span> Install Flatpak applications\n</span>      community.general.flatpak:\n        name:\n          -<span class=\"ruby\"> org.gimp.GIMP\n</span>          -<span class=\"ruby\"> org.inkscape.Inkscape\n</span>        state: present\n</code></pre>\n<p><strong>Understanding the playbook structure:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>hosts: localhost</strong> - Runs on your local machine</li>\n<li><strong>become: true</strong> - Executes tasks with sudo privileges</li>\n<li><strong>tasks</strong> - List of operations to perform</li>\n<li><strong>apt module</strong> - Installs packages from repositories or .deb files</li>\n<li><strong>apt_repository</strong> - Adds third-party repositories</li>\n<li><strong>flatpak module</strong> - Installs Flatpak applications</li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Customization tips:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Add more packages to the <code>pkg</code> list under &quot;Install essential applications&quot;</li>\n<li>Include additional <code>.deb</code> packages using the <code>deb:</code> parameter</li>\n<li>Add more third-party repositories following the Tailscale example</li>\n<li>Extend with Flatpak apps, snap packages, or pip packages as needed</li>\n</ul>\n<h3 id=\"step-4-run-the-ansible-playbook\">Step 4: Run the Ansible Playbook</h3>\n<p>Navigate to the directory containing your <code>localsetup.yml</code> file and execute the playbook:</p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-bash\">sudo ansible-playbook localsetup<span class=\"hljs-selector-class\">.yml</span> --connection=local\n</code></pre>\n<p><strong>What this does:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Executes all tasks defined in your playbook</li>\n<li>Installs all specified software automatically</li>\n<li>Configures repositories and signing keys</li>\n<li>Runs with local connection (no SSH required)</li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Note:</strong> This may take several minutes to complete, depending on your internet connection and the number of packages being installed. You&#39;ll see progress output for each task.</p>\n<h3 id=\"step-5-restore-configuration-files\">Step 5: Restore Configuration Files</h3>\n<p>Application settings are typically stored in the <code>~/.config</code> directory. If you have a backup of your configuration files, restore them:</p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-bash\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Clone your private configuration repository</span>\ngit clone https:<span class=\"hljs-regexp\">//gi</span>thub.com<span class=\"hljs-regexp\">/yourusername/y</span>our-config-repo.git\ncd your-config-repo\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Copy configuration files to your home directory</span>\ncp -r .config<span class=\"hljs-regexp\">/* ~/</span>.config<span class=\"hljs-regexp\">/</span>\n</code></pre>\n<p><strong>What this restores:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Application preferences and settings</li>\n<li>Custom keyboard shortcuts</li>\n<li>Editor configurations (VS Code, Vim, etc.)</li>\n<li>Terminal emulator settings</li>\n<li>Any other application-specific configurations</li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Tip:</strong> Press <code>Ctrl + H</code> in your file manager to show hidden files and folders (those starting with <code>.</code>).</p>\n<p><strong>Important configurations to backup:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>~/.config/</code> - Most modern application settings</li>\n<li><code>~/.bashrc</code> or <code>~/.zshrc</code> - Shell configuration</li>\n<li><code>~/.gitconfig</code> - Git configuration</li>\n</ul>\n<h3 id=\"step-6-import-desktop-environment-settings\">Step 6: Import Desktop Environment Settings</h3>\n<p>Restore your Cinnamon/GNOME desktop environment settings using dconf. This includes themes, panels, applets, and all desktop preferences.</p>\n<h4 id=\"creating-a-dconf-backup-do-this-on-your-working-system-first-\">Creating a dconf Backup (do this on your working system first):</h4>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-bash\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Export all settings</span>\ndconf <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">dump</span> / &gt; my_dconf_backup.conf\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Or export specific paths</span>\ndconf <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">dump</span> /org/cinnamon/ &gt; cinnamon_settings.conf\n</code></pre>\n<h4 id=\"restoring-dconf-settings-\">Restoring dconf Settings:</h4>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-bash\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Navigate to your dconf backup location</span>\ncd /path/<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">to</span>/your/backups/dconf\n\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\"># Restore all settings</span>\ndconf <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">load</span> / &lt; my_dconf_backup.conf\n</code></pre>\n<p><strong>What this restores:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Desktop themes and appearance</li>\n<li>Panel configuration and applets</li>\n<li>Keyboard shortcuts</li>\n<li>Window manager preferences</li>\n<li>Display settings</li>\n<li>Power management settings</li>\n<li>All other desktop environment preferences</li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Note:</strong> You may need to log out and log back in for all changes to take effect.</p>\n<h2 id=\"advanced-tips-and-best-practices\">Advanced Tips and Best Practices</h2>\n<h3 id=\"maintaining-your-automation-setup\">Maintaining Your Automation Setup</h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Version Control:</strong> Keep your playbook and configs in a Git repository</li>\n<li><strong>Regular Updates:</strong> Update your backup after making configuration changes</li>\n<li><strong>Test on VMs:</strong> Test your automation on a virtual machine before using on production</li>\n<li><strong>Document Changes:</strong> Add comments to your playbook explaining custom configurations</li>\n</ol>\n<h3 id=\"securing-sensitive-information\">Securing Sensitive Information</h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Use Ansible Vault to encrypt sensitive data in your playbooks</li>\n<li>Never commit SSH private keys or passwords to repositories</li>\n<li>Use environment variables for sensitive configuration values</li>\n<li>Keep your configuration repository private</li>\n</ul>\n<h3 id=\"extending-your-automation\">Extending Your Automation</h3>\n<p>You can extend this setup to include:</p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-yaml\"># Install development tools\n-<span class=\"ruby\"> <span class=\"hljs-symbol\">name:</span> Install development tools\n</span>  apt:\n    pkg:\n      -<span class=\"ruby\"> build-essential\n</span>      -<span class=\"ruby\"> docker.io\n</span>      -<span class=\"ruby\"> python3-pip\n</span>      -<span class=\"ruby\"> nodejs\n</span>      -<span class=\"ruby\"> npm\n</span>\n# Install VS Code\n-<span class=\"ruby\"> <span class=\"hljs-symbol\">name:</span> Add VS Code repository key\n</span>  apt_key:\n    url: \"https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc\"\n    state: present\n\n-<span class=\"ruby\"> <span class=\"hljs-symbol\">name:</span> Add VS Code repository\n</span>  apt_repository:\n    repo: \"deb [arch=amd64] https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/vscode stable main\"\n    filename: vscode\n    state: present\n\n-<span class=\"ruby\"> <span class=\"hljs-symbol\">name:</span> Install VS Code\n</span>  apt:\n    name: code\n    state: present\n\n# Configure git\n-<span class=\"ruby\"> <span class=\"hljs-symbol\">name:</span> Configure git user\n</span>  community.general.git_config:\n    name: \"{{ item.name }}\"\n    value: \"{{ item.value }}\"\n    scope: global\n  loop:\n    -<span class=\"ruby\"> { <span class=\"hljs-symbol\">name:</span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">\'user.name\'</span>, <span class=\"hljs-symbol\">value:</span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">\'Your Name\'</span> }\n</span>    -<span class=\"ruby\"> { <span class=\"hljs-symbol\">name:</span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">\'user.email\'</span>, <span class=\"hljs-symbol\">value:</span> <span class=\"hljs-string\">\'your.email@example.com\'</span> }</span>\n</code></pre>\n<h2 id=\"troubleshooting\">Troubleshooting</h2>\n<h3 id=\"common-issues\">Common Issues</h3>\n<p><strong>Ansible not found after installation:</strong></p>\n<pre><code class=\"lang-bash\"># <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">Verify</span> installation\nansible --version\n\n# <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">If</span> <span class=\"hljs-keyword\">not</span> found, check <span class=\"hljs-built_in\">PATH</span>\n<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">echo</span> $<span class=\"hljs-built_in\">PATH</span>\n</code></pre>\n<p><strong>Permission denied errors:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ensure you&#39;re running the playbook with <code>sudo</code></li>\n<li>Check file permissions on your playbook: <code>chmod 644 localsetup.yml</code></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>Package conflicts:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Run <code>sudo apt update</code> before running the playbook</li>\n<li>Check for PPA conflicts: <code>sudo apt-cache policy &lt;package-name&gt;</code></li>\n</ul>\n<p><strong>dconf restore doesn&#39;t seem to work:</strong></p>\n<ul>\n<li>Log out and log back in after restoring</li>\n<li>Verify the backup file format: <code>head my_dconf_backup.conf</code></li>\n<li>Try restoring specific paths instead of all settings</li>\n</ul>\n<h2 id=\"conclusion\">Conclusion</h2>\n<p>Automating your Linux Mint setup transforms a tedious manual process into a quick, repeatable procedure. With Ansible handling software installation, configuration file backups preserving application settings, and dconf managing desktop preferences, you can rebuild your perfect development environment in minutes rather than hours.</p>\n<p>The time invested in creating these automation scripts pays dividends every time you set up a new machine, recover from a failure, or help a colleague replicate your environment.</p>\n<h2 id=\"additional-resources\">Additional Resources</h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://docs.ansible.com/\">Ansible Documentation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/dconf\">dconf Manual</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://linuxmint.com/documentation.php\">Linux Mint Documentation</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://dotfiles.github.io/\">Dotfiles Management</a></li>\n</ul>\n<h2 id=\"next-steps\">Next Steps</h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Customize the playbook with your preferred applications</li>\n<li>Create backups of your current configuration files</li>\n<li>Export your current dconf settings</li>\n<li>Test your automation on a virtual machine</li>\n<li>Set up a private Git repository for your configurations</li>\n</ul>\n\n\n\n\n',290,0,0,'CC-BY-SA','linux',0,0,1),
(4529,'2025-12-11','yoga370 review',676,'a laptop to rule them all','\n<p>\n1 intro</p>\n<p>\n═══════</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;non-forth show!</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n2 inspiration</p>\n<p>\n═════════════</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;episode 4402, looking for a single device to be able to do forth work,</p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;read documents, some web browsing discussed the ups and downs of using</p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;a pinetab2 and how i used fluxbox and some scripts to bend the device</p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;to my needs device was ok but underpowered</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;interview with david revou, episode 4491 mentioned blog section of</p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;hardware, led me to lenovo yoga 370</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n3 yoga 370</p>\n<p>\n══════════</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;i purchased one used on ebay, $250 USD 2 in 1 device, can be used as a</p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;laptop or tablet 13\" ips touch screen display x86_64 Intel(R) Core(TM)</p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;i7-7600U CPU @ 2.80GHz GenuineIntel GNU/Linux 500G nvme 16G ram</p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;suprisingly fixable, replacable battery, memory, nvme</p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;[picture][picture]</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n4 installing slackware</p>\n<p>\n══════════════════════</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;installing slackware: stop secure boot in the bios, reformat the</p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;hardrive using gdisk mkfs, efi boot using elilo (not grub2)</p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&lt;https://superuser.com/questions/764799/how-to-create-an-efi-system-partition&gt;</p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;had to reboot between each disk drive change. when complete the</p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;slackware installer did all the rest of the work, installing elilo and</p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;the boot entry after the install i did my normal slackware post</p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;install stuff, and everything works (maybe not the fingerprint reader</p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;but i do\'t use that anyway )</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n5 scripting</p>\n<p>\n═══════════</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;modified the scripts from the pinetab2 to activate laptop (landscape)</p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;and tablet (portrait) mode. using xrandr to rotate the screen, xinput</p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;the touch screen, the keyboard is disabled in tablet mode created</p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;.desktop entries and added some graphics to get buttons that i pin to</p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;the kde task manager to activate</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n6 setting up okular</p>\n<p>\n═══════════════════</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;a great document reader, okular. to read documents in tablet mode i</p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;use presentation mode in the settings menu under configure okular/</p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;presentation mode you\'ll find enable touch navigation and then tapping</p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;on the left/right side of the screen will move the page forward and</p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;backward. great for reading especially pdf\'s</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n7 tablet mode software</p>\n<p>\n══════════════════════</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;xournal++, &lt;https://github.com/xournalpp/xournalpp&gt;, hand note-taking</p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;software, exploring using this for things like d-charts for forth</p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;developement</p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;&lt;https://archive.org/details/flowcharting-with-d-charts-donald-d-meyer-nasa&gt;</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n8 outro</p>\n<p>\n═══════</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n&nbsp;Lets all work to stamp out and abolish redundancy</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>',326,0,0,'CC-BY-SA','laptop, slackware, linux, desktop',0,0,1),
(4750,'2026-10-16','Playing Civilization VI Part 2',838,'We continue our look at the mechanics of this next version of Civilization.','<p> Civilization VI brought in one new Victory type, Religious, and made modifications to the other familiar types. So in thie episode we do a survey of different ways you can win this game.</p>\n<h1 class=\"entry-title\">Playing Civilization VI, Part 2</h1>\n						\n<h2>Victory Types</h2>\n\n<p>Another area with some changes from previous versions is Victory Types. Of course, some things stay the same. You can always win by building a big military and going on a rampage and wiping out all opposition. This never changes, and it can be a lot of fun. But the existing Victory types have received some modifications, and one brand new one, Religious victory, has been added. In this discussion I will assume you are at least up to the Gathering Storm expansion, since that has the latest Victory rules.</p>\n\n<h3>Science Victory</h3>\n\n<p>This is still basedon getting out to the stars, but the details have changed, Up to Civ V it was based on building or launching a spaceship, with Building being the major part of it. But in Civ 6 it is more based on achieving certain projects before anyone else. It all starts with researching Rocketry, then building a Spaceport, and then completing the Launch Earth Satellite project. But that is only Phase 1. You then need to research Satellites. And you might wonder why that isn’t necessary to research before you do the Launch Earth Satellite project. Well, the answer is they did it this way, so deal with it. Think of it as the difference between simply achieving a launch, like Sputnik, and developing the advanced satellite technologies like Remote Sensing, Communications, GPS, etc. In any case, once you have researched Satellites, you can do the Launch Moon Landing project.</p>\n\n<p>Then you research Nanotechnology, which lets you complete the Launch Mars Colony project. From there you research Smart Materials, and that lets you finish the Exoplanet Expedition project. This expedition then needs to travel 50 light years, and normally it travels one light year per turn, so you would need to wait 50 turns to win. Meanwhile, any other player could win while you are waiting. But you can speed up your expedition by building Laser facilities, some in orbit, others on Earth.</p>\n\n<p>While you obviously need to do a lot of research to get to these technologies, you also need a lot of Production to build the projects. So make sure you have a high production city and place your Spaceport there for maximum benefit. And make sure your enemies cannot take out your Spaceport.</p>\n\n<h3>Culture Victory</h3>\n\n<p>Although it is called a Culture victory, it is more technically a Tourism victory in terms of the mechanics. This is a fun Victory type to go after. What you want to do is make all of your cultural offerings so compelling that your own people would stay home rather than travel abroad, and so that you attract tourists from other players. Keeping your tourists home is your defense against other players, and attracting their tourists is your offense. If your number of tourists attracted from other players exceeds any other player’s domestic tourists, you become culturally dominant over them. And when you are culturally dominant over all other players you win a Culture victory. So how do you do this? Mainly by focusing on things tourists like to visit. This can be great works of Art, Writing, and Music, but it can also be things like National Parks and Seaside Resorts. And there are Policy cards that can increase your Tourism.</p>\n\n<h3>Domination</h3>\n\n<p>This should be simple, just build a lot military units and start laying waste, right? Well, of course isn’t that simple. While you are doing this you don’t want your future victims to gang up on you. The basic criterion for a Domination victory is that you control all of the original capitals of the original players, whether or not they are still in the game. Original capitals cannot be destroyed or plundered, but they can be captured. Now, capturing someone’s original capital is likely to cause harsh feelings on their part. But if Player A has captured player B’s original capital you can then conquer it without the same level of penalties. And there are penalties built in to the process. If you are viewed as a <em>warmonger</em> other players wil start to gang up on you. So what you want to do is never fight a 2-front war, to begin with. Only have one war going on at any time, and ideally allow a cooling off period after you capture the original capital. You want to keep the other empires on your side as much as possible. and a good way to do that is wait until you have a <em><a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Casus_Belli_(Civ6)\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Casus_Belli_(Civ6)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Casus Belli</a></em> with them. This means they have done something to you that entitles you to righteous reaction. There are a number of them, but one my favorites is when they steal one of your technologies and are identified as the thief. That will give you a Casus Belli. If I would rather be at peace, I will usually ignore that, but if I wanted to go to war I would gratefully sieze the excuse. Also note, your objective is to get original capitals, not to wipe them out totally. Conquering the last city of another empire will give you major warmonger penalties.</p>\n\n<h3>Religion</h3>\n\n<p>This is another major change in Civilization VI. The whole Religion thing is completely new, and there is a Religion victory you can win. This is another fun victory type to experiment with. The victory condition is simple to state, you just need to have your religion be the majority religion in every empire still in the game. It is how you get there that makes this very interesting. Some of your religion spreads naturally from your cities to other cities nearby, but you can also create Missionary and Apostle units to speed up the process. But there is a defense to this as well. The other empire can create their own Missionary and Apostle units to evangelize against you. And they can engage in <em><a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Theological_combat_(Civ6)\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Theological_combat_(Civ6)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Theological Combat</a></em>. This can only be initiated by Apostles and Inquisitors, but it can result in the losing unit being killed. Think of it as if they are calling on God to smite the devilish heathens and it actually happens. And in some circumstances when an Apostle is killed in theological combat a Holy Relic is created, and this can add to your Culture and Tourism.</p>\n\n<p>We’ll talk more about Religion and Theological Combat in a more detailed look at Religion in this game.</p>\n\n<h3>Diplomatic</h3>\n\n<p>This is a bit different from the Civ V Diplomatic victory. Instead of winning a vote in the World Congress/United Nations, you accumulate Diplomatic Victory Points. If you accumulate 20 Diplomatic Vicgtory Points you win the game. So where are these to be gathered?</p>\n\n<ul\n>\n<li>The first is that being on the winning side of a vote to Target or to cause an Outcome in the World Congress is worth 1 Diplomatic Victory Point for each such vote.</li>\n\n<li>Building certain Wonders. The Mahabohdi Temple is worth 2 points, the Potala Palace is worth 1 point, and the Statue of Liberty is worth 4! Since machinations in the World Congress can take away points, a good strategy is to get within 2-3 points of Victory and then complete the Statue of Liberty.</li>\n\n<li>Seasteads, a Future Era Tech, and Global Warming mitigation, a Future Era Civic, each are worth 1 point.</li>\n\n<li>Periodically you will get a chance to respond to an aid request from another player in the World Congress. If you provide the most aid, you get 2 points. Having a big Treaasury makes it a lot easier to pull this off.</li>\n</ul>\n\n<h3>Score</h3>\n\n<p>Should no player win by any of the above Victory types, the winner will be the person with the highest score. This doesn’t happen often, but it can happen.</p>\n\n<h2>Changing Horses</h2>\n\n<p>You should also be flexible. Circumstances can change as the game goes on, and the original Victory type you were aiming for is looking like  bad bet. When that happens you should re-evaluate your options and perhaps pursue a different Victory type. And I have played games where a different Victory type just kind of happened. But any decision you make should be an informed decision, and the game interface is helpful here. In the upper right there are a few buttons, and one of them is called World Rankings. Clicking this button will tell you where you are versus your competitors for each of the Victory types. This is is a popup window that you should consult periodically as the game gets going. One thing you need to watch out for is that you might be leading for your planned Victory, but another player may be moving quickly to a different Victory. It is nice to be heading toward your Diplomatic Victory, but if one of your competitors is doing Space projects for a Science Victory that can be a bad thing for you. Of course, you can just play it for fun and not worry about who is winning, but I suspect most people would like to win a game after they have put in something like 10-12 hours playing</p>\n\n<h3 id=\"links\">Links</h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Casus_Belli_(Civ6\">https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Casus_Belli_(Civ6</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Theological_combat_(Civ6\">https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Theological_combat_(Civ6</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.palain.com/gaming/civilization-vi/playing-civilization-vi-part-2/\">https://www.palain.com/gaming/civilization-vi/playing-civilization-vi-part-2/</a></li>\n</ul>',198,122,0,'CC-BY-SA','Computer games, strategy games, Civilization VI, Victory',0,0,1),
(4760,'2026-10-30','Robert A. Heinlein: Later Works',831,'In the last years of his life, illness took a toll on Heinlein.','\n<p>Beginning in 1970 Heinlein started to have health issues whihc affected his writing. One novel was a bit of a mess because he was physically unable to fix and polish, and in otghers you can discern that he is revisiting his past as he comes to terms with his own mortality.</p>\n\n<h1 class=\"entry-title\">Heinlein’s Later Works</h1>\n\n<p>1970 marked a turning point in some ways in Heinlein’s writing. First, health issues intruded, and not unexpectedly, intimations of his own mortality became more prominent. This is just my personal opinion, but I think his works became a little more uneven in this last stage of his career.</p>\n\n<h2><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Will_Fear_No_Evil\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Will_Fear_No_Evil\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">I Will Fear No Evil (1970)</a></em></h2>\n\n<p>in 1970 Heinlein had the first of his major health issues with an attack of peritonitis. He did manage to publish one novel but it is a bit of a mess. <em>I Will Fear No Evil</em> tells the story of Johann Sebastian Bach Smith, a billionaire whose body is failing, so he decides on transplanting his brain into another body. He offers  $1 million for the donation of a brain dead body. Then his secretary is killed, and her body is used. When Bach wakes up after the surgery he discovers that the secretary is still there and he can talk to her. Or maybe it is all a hallucination on his part. Sex becomes a major part of the story, as would become a theme in Heinlein’s later works. The now female person takes the name Joan, and then decides to have child using sperm frozen by the billionaire. They then decide to marry the lawyer, then he dies, and his personality seems to join the other two. This is certainly consistent to the hallucination hypothesis, but who knows. Heinlein had only done one rough draft when the peritonitis hit, and that laid him up for two years. So this novel at the very least did not receive the polishing he usually gave to his novels. You can safely skip it, in my opinion.</p>\n\n<h2><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_Enough_for_Love\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_Enough_for_Love\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Time Enough For Love (1973)</a></em></h2>\n\n<p>This is a collection of shorter pieces with linking narration. It concerns the life of Lazarus Long, who we first encountered in <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methuselah%27s_Children\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methuselah%27s_Children\"><em>Methuselah’s Children</em></a>. He now becomes a kind of alter ego for Heinlein himself. Lazarus has lived thousands of years, and is tired of it. But he has an audience for his stories, so he will keep on as long they are listening. You can see the parallels, and maybe Heinlein, after a long illness, wondered how much longer he could tell stories. Part of the book is inclusion of extracts “From the Notebooks of Lazarus Long”, which consist of sayings and aphorisms. At the end, he travels back in time and has sex with his mother, before shipping off to France to fight in World War I. If you are a fan, you will want to read this. This book was nominated for the Hugo, Nebula, and Locus awards, but did not win. It did win a Prometheus award.</p>\n\n<p>Heinlein has a rare blood type, and had needed multiple transfusions to combat the peritonitis. As a result in the mid-1970s he got involved in organizing blood drives within the SF community. This reduced his writing. Then in 1977 he had a series of transient ischemic attacks, which were traced to a blocked carotid artery. This set him up to be one of the very early recipients of a carotid bypass operation.</p>\n\n<h2><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Number_of_the_Beast_(novel)\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Number_of_the_Beast_(novel)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Number of the Beast (1980)</a></em></h2>\n\n<p>This novel has 4 protagonists, and different chapters are narrated from each of their perspectives. The four are Zebediah John Carter, Dejah Thoris Burroughs Carter, her father the mathematician Jacob Burroughs, and Hilda Corners. And if you think there is a lot of Edgar Rice Burroughs clues in those names, you are correct. In this novel Heinlein creates his “World As Myth” idea, which basically states that fictional worlds also exist in the Multiverse. If you take the idea of infinite universes seriously, it follows that in infinite universes there must be one for every world written about in stories. In this novel they have a craft that can navigate between universes, and end up visiting Barsoom, Oz, the Lensman universe, etc. before finally joining up with Lazarus Long. This is a fun read in many respects, but he redid it later as <em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Number_of_the_Beast_(novel)#The_Pursuit_of_the_Pankera\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Number_of_the_Beast_(novel)#The_Pursuit_of_the_Pankera\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Pursuit of the Pankera</a></em>, which I prefer, though that may in part be because it has a much long stay in the Lensman universe. I am a big fan of that series as we shall see. This novel was nominated for a Locus award.</p>\n\n<h2><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friday_(novel)\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friday_(novel)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Friday (1982)</a></em></h2>\n\n<p>In his later works Heinlein frequently depicted the world in a violent and chaotic state (for example, see <em>I Will Fear No Evil</em>). And that is certainly the case in this novel. This brings us back to the world of <em>Gulf</em> and Kettle Belly Baldwin. Friday is a genetically engineered person employed by  quasi-military organization (the same one we saw in Gulf) as a courier. She has adventures in the chaotic mess that is North America divided into many smaller countries. Sex is part of the story of course, but also we see Heinlein reaching back to his earlier works bring in people and settings from those works. Writing this in the time of Donald Trump I cannot really discount Heinlein’s pessimism, even though I am by nature more of an optimist. This novel was nominated for Locus, Hugo, Nebula, and Prometheus awards. This is a novel I will reread.</p>\n\n<h2><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job:_A_Comedy_of_Justice\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job:_A_Comedy_of_Justice\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Job: A Comedy of Justice (1984)</a></em></h2>\n\n<p>This is a fantasy novel about Alex, a Christian activist, and Margrethe, a Danish Norse cruise ship hostess. Alex is being corrupted by Margrethe, and quite loving it, when things start to go pear-shaped on them. Jehovah has given Loki permission to torment the couple, which he does through a series of world changes. This is the parallel to the Biblical Job. Along the way the couple spend some time with Satan while not knowing that, and then are separated by the Rapture, because Margrethe is a pagan who worships Odin, and thus ineligible for Heaven. After a bit of Heaven, Alex is tired of it and prefers to be with Margrethe. And of course the book makes the claim the Hell is a much nicer place than Heaven. This is a fun book I can recommend. It won the Locus award for best Fantasy novel, and was nominated for both Hugo and Nebula awards. This would be the last Heinlein novel to get Hugo and Nebula nominations.</p>\n\n<h2><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cat_Who_Walks_Through_Walls\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cat_Who_Walks_Through_Walls\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Cat Who Walks Through Walls (1985)</a></em></h2>\n\n<p>At this point Heinlein is starting to dwell on his past, and he drags in all kinds of characters from his previous novels and stories, and starts to tie together all of those stories into one whole. Of course, early in his career he tied together stories into his Future History, so perhaps not such a departure. And Asimov did much the same with his Foundation and Robot stories. The story here is a type of thriller with the first killing in scene one, and the protagonist not knowing who is doing this or why. There is a certain charm to this novel but it has to do with how Heinlein uses his words in the writing. He does have a distinctive style. But the plot is bit of a mess. It was nominated for a Locus award.</p>\n\n<h2><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To_Sail_Beyond_the_Sunset\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To_Sail_Beyond_the_Sunset\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">To Sail Beyond The Sunset (1987)</a></em></h2>\n\n<p>This last novel continues several themes from his later work: The World as Myth, Lazarus Long, sex (including voluntary incest), and is connected to his earlier works as in the previous novel. This time the protagonist is Lazarus’ mother, introduced at the end of <em>Time Enough For Love</em>. Partly it tells her story in the early days of the Howard Families, introduced in <em>Methusaleh’s Children</em>. Then it continues to the episode with Lazarus, but now seen from her perspective. This is a prime example of why some people refer to Heinlein’s last few works as his “dirty old man” period. It was nominated for the Locus and Prometheus awards.</p>\n\n<p>Heinlein passed away in 1988 from emphysema and heart failure. But a few things made an appearance that are Heinlein-related.</p>\n\n<h2><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/For_Us,_the_Living\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/For_Us,_the_Living\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">For Us The Living (1938, 2003)</a></em></h2>\n\n<p>This novel, written in 1938, is Heinlein’s earliest. But he never submitted it for publication in his lifetime, which perhaps tells you what <em>he</em> thought of it. It is not up to the standard of his mature works, but you can discern the DNA of his style in it. It was lost for a long time, and then rediscovered and published in 2003, fifteen years after Heinlein’s death. It still managed to get nominated for a Locus award, but if the same novel were submitted by an unknown author I doubt it would have been nominated. It was all about Heinlein’s name and stature within the field. Only for completists. A man has an accident and wakes up in the future, and the novel describes this future world as the man experiences it.</p>\n\n<h2><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_Star\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_Star\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Variable Star (2006)</a></em></h2>\n\n<p>This novel was written by Spider Robinson from an 8-page outline written by Heinlein in 1955. So the plot is Heinlein’s, but the words are Robinson’s. But Robinson is a huge fan of Heinlein, one reason he was chosen, and it reads pretty much like a Heinlein novel. Heinlein had intended it to be one his Juvenile novels for Scribners, but clearly Robinson took it an a more adult direction. A young man with no money has a girlfriend whom he believes to be equally impecunious, only she was lying and is the heiress to the solar system’s largest fortune. She has their future all planned out, but the young man decides he wants no part of it, and signs up for a one-way trip of exploration to the stars. The telepathy angle from <em>Time For The Stars</em> reappears here.<br><br>I enjoyed it. It did not receive any nominations.</p>\n\n<h2><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Number_of_the_Beast_(novel)#The_Pursuit_of_the_Pankera\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Number_of_the_Beast_(novel)#The_Pursuit_of_the_Pankera\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Pursuit of the Pankera (2020)</a></em></h2>\n\n<p>This manuscript was found in Heinlein’s papers, and the first third is identical to <em>The Number of the Beast</em>. But then it goes in a slightly different direction. There is still The World As Myth, they still visit Barsoom, and there is  longer section in the Lensman universe that I quite liked. I find I prefer this version to the original.</p>\n\n\n<h3 id=\"links\">Links</h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Will_Fear_No_Evil\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Will_Fear_No_Evil</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_Enough_for_Love\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_Enough_for_Love</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methuselah%27s_Children\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methuselah%27s_Children</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Number_of_the_Beast_(novel\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Number_of_the_Beast_(novel</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friday_(novel\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friday_(novel</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job:_A_Comedy_of_Justice\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job:_A_Comedy_of_Justice</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cat_Who_Walks_Through_Walls\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Cat_Who_Walks_Through_Walls</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To_Sail_Beyond_the_Sunset\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To_Sail_Beyond_the_Sunset</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/For_Us,_the_Living\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/For_Us,_the_Living</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_Star\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_Star</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Number_of_the_Beast_(novel)#The_Pursuit_of_the_Pankera\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Number_of_the_Beast_(novel)#The_Pursuit_of_the_Pankera</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.palain.com/science-fiction/the-golden-age/robert-a-heinlein/heinleins-later-works/\">https://www.palain.com/science-fiction/the-golden-age/robert-a-heinlein/heinleins-later-works/</a></li>\n</ul>\n',198,124,0,'CC-BY-SA','Science fiction, Heinlein',0,0,1),
(4770,'2026-11-13','Playing Civilization VI Part 3',812,'We continue our look at the mechanics of this next version of Civilization.','<p>Civilization VI made major revisions to the Trade system, totally changed how Roads are made, and created an entirely new mechanism around Civics. You need to adapt your play style to these new systems, as we explain.</p>\n<h1 class=\"entry-title\">Playing Civilization VI, Part 3</h1>\n<h2>Trade and Roads</h2>\n\n<p>The next major system to be upgraded is the Trade system. And this is an important system to master since it is the major way of obtaining gold in the game. If you neglect Trade, you will be in continual financial difficulty, but use it wisely and you can have all gold you need, and then some. I’ve had games where I am bringing in as much as 900 gold per turn! And with a healthy treasury you can buy buildings and military units as needed, plus have all the gold needed for maintenance and upkeep. The other reason to master this system is that in Civ VI workers (now called Builders) do not build roads. Instead, roads are created by your Trade units when they travel between cities. This is a major change in the game dynamic. </p>\n\n<p>Sometimes you need to send a trade unit to a city purely for the road it creates. Within your Empire you might send a Trade unit between two of your cities just to get the road. And you can send one to the city of another Civ to build the road, and then use the road for your military to invade! One thing to watch out for is that when you are looking at setting up a Trade Route, the game interface shows you the path your trader will take, and if you watch closely you might be able to send a trader to a foreign city but have it go through one of your own cities. So you can get a road connecting two of your own cities as part of a Trade Route that goes to a foreign city and brings in Gold. The one exception to the rule on roads from Trade is that later in the game when you discover Steam Power you can use Military Engineers to build Railroads. This does not use a charge from the Military Engineer, but does use one Iron and one Coal, which adds to your CO2 emissions. You would not want to overbuild Railroads, but if you are aiming for a Domination victory you will want to get the new units you build to front quickly, and there is no better way to do that than a good Railroad system.</p>\n\n<p>But the primary reason to build Trade units to set up <a href=\"https://forums.civfanatics.com/resources/trade-routes-guide.25529/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Trade Routes</a> to bring in Gold (primarily), and perhaps other resources as well. You begin when you discover the Civic <em>ForeignTrade</em>, which gives you the capability of having exactly 1 Trade Route. You can gain the capacity for additional routes in several ways. You can build a Harbor and Lighthouse, and that will give you 1 more. Or you can build a Commercial Hub and Market, which also gives you 1 more. However, you cannot build both in any one city and get 2 extra trade routes. But since you can get one more route in each city where you do this, one way to get more trade routes is to get more cities, an approach known as “building wide”. There are also Wonders and Great Merchants that can give you additional capacity.</p>\n\n<p>Once you have the capacity you have to build the Trader and send it. Unlike in previous games where your Trade routes were totally virtualized, in Civ VI the Trader is a unit that travels between the cities, and it can be attacked by enemies or by Barbarians. If this happens your route is pillaged and you have to start over by building another unit. But if nothing goes wrong you will eventually get a Trading Post in each city when the route is complete. This matters because Trade Routes are limited by distance. They can go up to 15 tiles for a Land route, or 30 tiles for a Sea route. But a Trading Post increases the range by another 15 or 30 tiles, and if you can go from Trading Post to Trading Post you can go clear across the map. However, this is not usually the most important consideration. Trade Routes are also important for gaining a Culture victory since they add to the tourism you get from your trading partner. Trade Routes also last for a fixed time according to a complex formula I won’t try to replicate, but suffice it to say you will get a chance to use your Trader again as long it has not been killed. So you can use it to build a road, then some turns later use it to get Gold from a City-state, for instance.</p>\n\n<h2>Civics</h2>\n\n<p>I mentioned <a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Civic_(Civ6)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Civics</a> in the previous section. In Civ VI this is a whole new system that is parallel to the Science/Technology tree. It is a tree of Civic advancements, and you really need to advance along this tree to keep up. And just like the Technology tree requires you to earn Science to make progress, the Civics tree requires you to earn Culture. You can do this in a variety of ways. First is through buildings, beginning with the Monument, which is available to you immediately without any Research. Many players like to build a couple of units first, then a Monument so they can start building up the Culture. Then Theater Squares give you a place to put your Amphitheaters,, Museums, and so on. Anyone who wants to get a Culture victory will be building a lot of Theater Squares and the buildings for them. You can also get Culture from Trade Routes, from Wonders, from some tiles, and so on.</p>\n\n<p>You need to advance along the Civics tree just as you do on the Science tree. So you have two quasi-research tracks going on, and you can use the same selection methods. You can simply pick individual Techs and Civics from the options the game gives you, or you can open the tree, find a goal you want to achieve and click it. The game will then select that and all of the prerequisites, and take them in order. And a number of things that used to be on the Research tree in earlier versions have moved to the Civics tree in this version. For example, Trade has always been a technology you would research, but in this game Foreign Trade is now a Civic. So I just think of it as researching Techs and researching Civics.</p>\n\n<p>At the bottom of the Civics Tree is a progress bar that shows where you and other players you know have progressed in terms of Eras. If several players are in the same Era, you will see a number for the number of players in this Era, but if only one is in this Era you will see the portrait of the player. Since it is only based on Eras it is not very detailed, but it is information. To access the Civics Tree use the button on the Top Left.</p>\n\n<h3>Policy Cards</h3>\n\n<p>The new Civics system in Civ 6 gives you a lot more flexibility than the Civics system in Civ 5, and this is accomplished through the system of <a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Policy_card_(Civ6)\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Policy_card_(Civ6)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Policy Cards</a>. As you progress through the Civics tree you will be given slots into which you can insert Policy Cards that affect your Empire in different ways, and some Civics will give you additional Policy Cards. In addition, the slots you have available are subject to your Government choice. There are 5 categories and they are color-coded in the Policy screen. They are</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li>Military – Red color</li>\n\n<li>Economic – Yellow color</li>\n\n<li>Diplomatic – Green color</li>\n\n<li>Wildcard – Purple color</li>\n\n<li>Dark Age – Black color</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>The flexibility comes from the fact that you can remove and replace cards as your circumstances change. And as you move through the Civics tree you will gain more cards. You should expect that as the game goes on you will have more cards available to you than you can use at any time because of limited slots. Cards have to go in the appropriate slots, so if you have a slot for a Military policy you have to put a Military Policy Card in that slot. The exception is with Wildcard slots. Wildcard Policy Cards have to go into Wildcard slots, but the slots can also accept other cards as well.</p>\n\n<p>When you start the game you will be in the default Government type of Chiefdom, and that will give you one Military slot and one Economic slot. A good example of a Military Policy Card you might to use at this point is Discipline, which gives you +5 combat strength when fighting Barbarians. In the early game you will be fighting a lot of Barbarians so this will come in handy. But as the game goes on and you progress into further Eras you don’t encounter so many Barbarians so you would want to switch this card out for something more useful in your given circumstance. A good Economic card in the early game makes producing Settlers easier. Since producing Settlers and founding cities is something you mostly do in the early game, this is useful. But once you have set the cities down you will need to develop them, and that requires Builder units. So this could be good time to switch out the Settlers card for one that makes it easier to produce Builders. You can make a free swap whenever you research a new Civic, or whenever you change Eras, otherwise you would have to pay for the privilege. So again a healthy Treasury is a big help. </p>\n\n<p>As you progress through the Civics tree you will get access to more Government types, and this also affects the slots you get. Tier 1 governments get 4 slots, tier 2 get 6, tier 3 get 8, and tier 4 get 10. But the kinds of slots can vary when you change governments. As we saw before, Chiefdom has 1 Military and 1 Economic slot. But if you move up to Classical Republic, a tier 1 government, you get 2 Economic slot, 1 Diplomatic, and 1 Wild Card. But you don’t have a Military slot available. So when you change to this government (if you choose to, there are two other tier 1 government types available), whatever Military card you had previously selected goes away until such time as you get another Military slot.</p>\n\n<p>You can also gain slots from certain Wonders. And certain Empires come with an extra slot, so you can pick one of them and get one more slot from the start.</p>\n\n\n<h3 id=\"links\">Links</h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://forums.civfanatics.com/resources/trade-routes-guide.25529/\">https://forums.civfanatics.com/resources/trade-routes-guide.25529/</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Civic_(Civ6\">https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Civic_(Civ6</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Policy_card_(Civ6\">https://civilization.fandom.com/wiki/Policy_card_(Civ6</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.palain.com/gaming/civilization-vi/playing-civilization-vi-part-3/\">https://www.palain.com/gaming/civilization-vi/playing-civilization-vi-part-3/</a></li>\n</ul>\n',198,124,0,'CC-BY-SA','Computer games, strategy games, Civilization VI, Trade, Roads, Civics',0,0,1),
(4780,'2026-11-27','Robert A. Heinlein: Other Short Works',696,'We look at the shorter works Heinlein produced that are very notable.','<p>While Heinlein&#39;s fame to the general public is built on his novels, he had a number of shorter works that are are quite worthy of mention. These are all separate from the sotries found in the Future History, but are really good on their own terms.</p>\n\n<h1>Heinlein’s Other Short Works</h1>\n<p>Outside of the Future History lies a large number of shorter works by Heinlein, which are nearly all from the 1940s and 1950s, before he made his primary focus the writing of novels. I will only cover a few of them that I consider to be particularly good, so you can consider these as recommendations.</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic,_Inc.\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic,_Inc.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Magic, Inc. (1940)</a></em> – This novella is a charming fantasy about a world where magic is simply normal and taken for granted. But there is company called Magic, Inc. that is trying to corner the market with a protection racket, and they are doing very well. It turns out the being behind this is actually a demon from the underworld. A couple of businessmen who are trying to hold out against this protection racket find a white witch to help them, and they travel to the underworld to find and confront the demon responsible, and the witch proves to be more powerful than the demon. You will most likely find this in book form combined with <em>Waldo</em>. This novella was nominated for a retro Hugo.</li>\n\n<li><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/They_(Heinlein)\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/They_(Heinlein)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">They (1941)</a></em> – This short fantasy story combines paranoia with solipsism. It is about a man confined to mental hospital because he is delusional. But you may have heard the saying that you aren’t paranoid if they are really out to get you. This is similar in some respect to The Truman Show.</li>\n\n<li><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/And_He_Built_a_Crooked_House\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/And_He_Built_a_Crooked_House\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">And He Built A Crooked House (1941)</a></em> – What happens when you combine architecture with extra-dimensional topology? Well, maybe it is what happens in this story. An architect has an idea to create a house modeled on an unfolded <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesseract\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesseract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">tesseract</a>, a four dimensional cube. If two dimensions gives you a square, and three dimensions gives you a cube, then four dimensions give you a tesseract. And they do build it, but they built it in California, so of course an earthquake comes along, and causes the house to collapse into the fourth dimension, with interesting results.</li>\n\n<li><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/By_His_Bootstraps\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/By_His_Bootstraps\">By His Bootstraps (1941)</a></em> – This is one of two Heinlein stories to explore the paradoxes of time travel. A fellow named Bob is writing a dissertation in the field of metaphysics to explain how time travel is simply impossible, when he is interrupted by a time traveler who tells him not to bother, it is all rubbish anyway. If you understand the bootstrap paradox you already know where this is going: the time traveler, and other people Bob interact with, are all Bob. But it is very well done.</li>\n\n<li><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Unpleasant_Profession_of_Jonathan_Hoag\">The Unpleasant Profession of Jonathan Hoag (1942)</a></em> – This novella is a fantasy as well as a horror story. A husband and wife team of detectives is consulted by a man named Jonathan Hoag who says he has no idea what he does during the day. He has found a reddish-brown substance under his nails which could be blood, but he doesn’t know. They try following him, but experience some problems. In one case he turns on them nastily, in another they trace him to the thirteenth floor of a building that doesn’t have a thirteenth floor. Then other beings called The Sons of the Bird get involved. In the end it turns out that Jonathan Hoag’s profession is art critic, and the art he is judging is Earth. It was created by a promising student, but is it worthy of keeping? This novella was nominated for a retro Hugo.</li>\n\n<li><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waldo_(short_story)\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waldo_(short_story)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Waldo (1942)</a></em> – This novella concerns a man called Waldo Farthingwaite-Jones, who was born with <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myasthenia_gravis\">myasthenia gravis</a> and as a result is congenital weakling who could not even hold his head up to drink or hold a spoon to feed himself. But it seems to have focused his intellect while also giving him a repellent personality. He is arrogant and considers himself superior. But in part due to his condition he invents what come to be known as “waldos”, devices which can multiply his strength, or conversely give him minute control. He put his hands into a device, and whatever action he does is duplicated on a larger or smaller scale in another device. These devices exist now, and are called waldos as result of this story, even by NASA. So this is the second time Heinlein gave a new word to the English language (the other being “grok”).<br><br>He is brilliant, and as a result is consulted when major technical problem with power receptors that are failing. And at this point what had been a straightforward science fiction story becomes a fantasy. The solution lies in another adjacent dimension. Apparently you can pull power from this dimension all you want, and not just for the power receptors that power automobiles, but also for people. Waldo eventually heals himself this way and becomes a famous ballet dancer. This novella is usually found in book form paired with <em>Magic, Inc.</em> This novella won a retro Hugo.</li>\n\n<li><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldfish_Bowl\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldfish_Bowl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Goldfish Bowl (1942) </a></em>– Two massive pillars of water mysteriously appear in the Pacific Ocean. Is this a natural phenomenon or the work of aliens? It looks like one sucks water up into a cloud which no one can enter, and the other seems to return the water. Scientists investigate, and it turns out to be aliens. The Earth is essentially their goldfish bowl.</li>\n\n<li><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Was_a_Man\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Was_a_Man\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Jerry Was A Man (1947)</a></em> – This is a very interesting story about a genetically modified chimpanzee that has had his intelligence increased so that he can be put to work in agriculture, and he has to go to court to claim rights. His lawyer presents evidence that he shares the essential traits of humans and wins the case.</li>\n\n<li><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_(novella)\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_(novella)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Gulf (1949)</a></em> – This starts off as a James Bond type of story about an agent who we don’t know anything about. It is a good example of being dropped into the middle of a story, since he is being tracked by other forces we know nothing about. They eventually capture him, and he is confined with “Kettle Belly” Baldwin. This is the same Baldwin we see later on in the novel <em>Friday</em>, and he runs an organization of people who are of superior intelligence and devoted to protecting humanity. This is of course the same organization that Friday was a part of before Baldwin’s death put an end to it. The agent he rescued ends up joining the organization, there he receives advanced training. Here Heinlein brings in two of his enthusiasms. The first is the <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Semantics\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Semantics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">General Semantics</a> of  <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Korzybski\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Korzybski\">Alfred Korzybski</a>, concerning which we may say more when we get to A.E. van Vogt. The other is the work of <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Renshaw\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Renshaw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Samuel Renshaw</a>, which also featured in <em>Citizen of the Galaxy</em>. The point of these two ideas is that people can be trained to think more rapidly and accurately. And the title in part refers to the gulf between people who have been so trained and ordinary untrained people.</li>\n\n<li><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Year_of_the_Jackpot\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Year_of_the_Jackpot\">The Year Of The Jackpot (1952)</a></em> – A statistician who works for insurance companies has a hobby of tracking cycles, and has noted that when a certain number of cycles peak together it can mean serious consequences for society. As an example, he saw that three of the cycles he tracks all peaked in 1929 when the stock market crashed. And now he is seeing a bunch of cycles lining up. And he notes odd behavior in society, like people suddenly taking off all of their clothes in public places for no reason. What can it all mean?</li>\n\n<li><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Man_Who_Traveled_in_Elephants\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Man_Who_Traveled_in_Elephants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Man Who Traveled In Elephants (1957)</a></em> – This is in my mind a very charming example of magic realism, which of course places it in the fantasy category. A salesman and his wife traveled the country looking for locations to sell elephants, accompanied by imaginary elephants. Now he is a widower, and still traveling. The attraction here is not the plot, but the atmosphere. This was one of Heinlein’s favorites of the stories he wrote.</li>\n\n<li><em><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27%E2%80%94All_You_Zombies%E2%80%94%27\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27%E2%80%94All_You_Zombies%E2%80%94%27\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">“—All You Zombies—” (1959)</a></em> – This is Heinlein’s other classic time travel story. A man who was intersex goes back in time, and impregnates his younger female self, and she duly delivers a baby before getting sex assignment surgery to become the man who impregnated her. But the baby she delivers also turns out to be the same person, so in effect we have a person who  is his/her own mother and father. This is the kind of thing that could conceivably happen if time travel is possible, which is why most physicists think it has to be impossible.</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p>There are other Heinlein short works that a completist would want to look up, but I don’t consider them to be particularly significant  And with that I am wrapping up the discussion of Heinlein, the last, but not least, of the Big Three of the Golden Age. He was given the unofficial title of the Dean of Science Fiction, which certainly testifies to the esteem he was held in by the science fiction community. But next I want to look at the origin of Space Opera, in the person of E. E. “Doc” Smith.</p>\n\n<h3 id=\"links\">Links</h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic,_Inc\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic,_Inc</a>.</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/They_(Heinlein\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/They_(Heinlein</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/And_He_Built_a_Crooked_House\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/And_He_Built_a_Crooked_House</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/By_His_Bootstraps\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/By_His_Bootstraps</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Unpleasant_Profession_of_Jonathan_Hoag\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Unpleasant_Profession_of_Jonathan_Hoag</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waldo_(short_story\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waldo_(short_story</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myasthenia_gravis\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myasthenia_gravis</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldfish_Bowl\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldfish_Bowl</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Was_a_Man\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Was_a_Man</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_(novella\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_(novella</a>)</li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Semantics\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Semantics</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Korzybski\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Korzybski</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Renshaw\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Renshaw</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Year_of_the_Jackpot\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Year_of_the_Jackpot</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Man_Who_Traveled_in_Elephants\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Man_Who_Traveled_in_Elephants</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27%E2%80%94All_You_Zombies%E2%80%94%27\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27%E2%80%94All_You_Zombies%E2%80%94%27</a></li>\n<li><a href=\"https://www.palain.com/science-fiction/the-golden-age/robert-a-heinlein/heinleins-other-short-works/\">https://www.palain.com/science-fiction/the-golden-age/robert-a-heinlein/heinleins-other-short-works/</a></li>\n</ul>\n',198,124,0,'CC-BY-SA','Science fiction, Heinlein',0,0,1),
(4534,'2025-12-18','Reviving My Kawai K4 Synthesizer',723,'Claudio describes how he revived his old Kawai K4 synthesizer after years of dormancy.','\n    <h3 id=\"links\">Links</h3>\n    <ul>\n      <li>Kawai K4: <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawai_K4\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawai_K4</a></li>\n      <li>Kawai K4 Battery Replacement (Japanese): <a\n          href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ux3y2ClgP1I\">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ux3y2ClgP1I</a></li>\n      <li>Neal Beard and his Machines - Kawai Battery Replacement: <a\nhref=\"https://nealbeardahm.blogspot.com/2012/10/kawai-battery-replacement.html\">https://nealbeardahm.blogspot.com/2012/10/kawai-battery-replacement.html</a></li>\n      <li>Kawai K4r: Rack-mount module version of the K4</li>\n      <li>Kawai Downloads Page: <a\n          href=\"https://kawaius.com/downloads/\">https://kawaius.com/downloads/</a></li>\n      <li>Standard MIDI Files (SMF): <a\n          href=\"https://midi.org/standard-midi-files\">https://midi.org/standard-midi-files</a></li>\n      <li>MIDI System Exclusive (SysEx) Messages Explained: <a\n          href=\"https://blog.landr.com/midi-sysex/\">https://blog.landr.com/midi-sysex/</a></li>\n      <li>amidi(1): <a href=\"https://linux.die.net/man/1/amidi\">https://linux.die.net/man/1/amidi</a></li>\n      <li>Syntaur Keyboard Parts &amp; Accessories: <a\n          href=\"https://syntaur.com/\">https://syntaur.com/</a></li>\n    </ul>',152,0,0,'CC-BY-SA','kawai,synthesizer,kawaik4,k4,synths,synthesizers,synth,repair,music,musicalinstruments,midi,sysex',0,0,1),
(4583,'2026-02-25','Nuclear Reactor Technology - Ep 7 Small Modular Reactors',822,'This episode covers Small Modular Reactors, or SMRs.','\n<p>\n01 Introduction</p>\n<p>\nThis episode is the seventh in an 8 part series on nuclear reactor technology.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\nIn this episode we will describe a topic which has been in the news in recent years, which is \"small modular reactors\", or SMRs for short.</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n03 What is an SMR?</p>\n<p>\nBasic Definition</p>\n<p>\nA small modular reactor is a nuclear reactor that is designed to be largely built in a factory and subject to as little on-site assembly as possible.</p>\n<p>\nThe main goal is to lower costs by reducing construction times and allowing a more rapid start of return on investment.</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n04 Sized Based Definition</p>\n<p>\nSome people put a numerical size limit on SMRs, saying that they must be no larger than 300 MW to qualify as an SMR.</p>\n<p>\nHowever this limit is not universally accepted, and not all SMR designs fall within this arbitrary limit.</p>\n<p>\nI will ignore this numerical limit and just consider anything to be an SMR if it meets the criteria of being largely built in a factory with minimal on-site assembly.</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n05 The Actual Goal of the SMR Idea</p>\n<p>\nThe actual goal of the SMR idea is to build reactors rapidly and efficiently on more or less an assembly line basis rather than hand crafting each one.</p>\n<p>\nOne engineer in the nuclear industry has compared building reactors to building ships.</p>\n<p>\nTraditional shipbuilding techniques involved assembling each ship from the keel up on the slipways from individual components.</p>\n<p>\n06</p>\n<p>\nNewer shipbuilding techniques assemble ships as separate \"blocks\" inside factory-like buildings and then join completed blocks together in a final assembly stage.</p>\n<p>\nThis requires careful planning and tight quality control, but it results in building ships much more rapidly and economically.</p>\n<p>\nThis engineer said that SMRs are attempting to bring this newer way of doing things to the nuclear reactor industry as well.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n07 SMR Categories - Small Versus Micro</p>\n<p>\n08 Small SMRs</p>\n<p>\n09 Small SMRs and Small Grids</p>\n<p>\n10 Micro SMRs for Micro Loads</p>\n<p>\n13 Micro SMRs for Large Industry</p>\n<p>\n14 SMRs to Power Data Centres</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n15 What\'s This Nonsense About \"Micro Small Modular Reactor\" You Ask?</p>\n<p>\n17 Small Reactors and Modular Reactors That Are Not SMRs</p>\n<p>\n20 Standard Versus Proprietary Fuel</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n23 Where SMRs are Currently Being Built</p>\n<p>\n24 HTR-PM in China</p>\n<p>\n28 Repurposed Ship Reactors in Russia</p>\n<p>\n31 300 MW BWR in Canada</p>\n<p>\n33 470 MW PWR in UK</p>\n<p>\n35 25 MW PWR in Argentina</p>\n<p>\n37 Various Experimental SMRs</p>\n<p>\n38 Modular Large Reactors</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n40 Conclusion</p>\n<p>\nSMRs are a new trend in nuclear reactor design.</p>\n<p>\nHowever, they are really two different things which fill two different needs.</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\nOne style is intended to adopt designs which allow for more rapid construction with more of the work being done in the factory and less on the construction site, with the overall goal of reducing costs.</p>\n<p>\nThe other style is to provide very small reactors to power remote communities and mines, or to provide process heat to large industries.</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\nThe first SMRs are in operation or under construction.</p>\n<p>\nThe most promising grid scale designs at present are simply scaled down and simplified conventional designs that use standard commercial fuel.</p>\n<p>\nLarger reactors will incorporate modular construction techniques, blurring the lines between them and SMRs.</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\nIn the next episode we will talk about future reactor technologies, particularly what are referred to as \"Generation IV\" reactors.</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n\n\n',455,0,0,'CC-BY-SA','energy, nuclear, engineering',0,0,1),
(4535,'2025-12-19','Living the Tux Life Episode 4 - Various software I have been using',553,'Al goes over the Various software he have been using','\n<h1>\nShow Notes</h1>\n<h2>\n<br>\n</h2>\n<h2>\nSystem Monitoring &amp; Metrics</h2>\n<h3>\nPrometheus</h3>\n<p>\nOpen-source monitoring and alerting toolkit for collecting and storing metrics.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<strong>\nDocumentation</strong>\n:&nbsp;<a href=\"https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/installation/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(77, 170, 252);\">\nhttps://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/installation/</a>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<h3>\nPrometheus Node Exporter</h3>\n<p>\nHardware and OS metrics exporter for Prometheus.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<strong>\nGuide</strong>\n:&nbsp;<a href=\"https://prometheus.io/docs/guides/node-exporter/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(77, 170, 252);\">\nhttps://prometheus.io/docs/guides/node-exporter/</a>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<h3>\nGrafana</h3>\n<p>\nOpen-source analytics and visualization platform for monitoring metrics.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<strong>\nDocker Installation</strong>\n:&nbsp;<a href=\"https://grafana.com/docs/grafana/latest/setup-grafana/installation/docker/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(77, 170, 252);\">\nhttps://grafana.com/docs/grafana/latest/setup-grafana/installation/docker/</a>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<h4>\nFeatured Grafana Dashboards</h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<strong>\nPower Information Dashboard</strong>\n:&nbsp;<a href=\"https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/12542-power-information/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(77, 170, 252);\">\nhttps://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/12542-power-information/</a>\n</li>\n<li>\n<strong>\nNode Exporter Full</strong>\n:&nbsp;<a href=\"https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/1860-node-exporter-full/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(77, 170, 252);\">\nhttps://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/1860-node-exporter-full/</a>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<h2>\n<br>\n</h2>\n<h2>\nPower Management &amp; Battery Tools</h2>\n<h3>\nTLP</h3>\n<p>\nAdvanced power management tool for Linux that optimizes battery life.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<strong>\nInstallation Guide</strong>\n:&nbsp;<a href=\"https://linrunner.de/tlp/installation/index.html\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(77, 170, 252);\">\nhttps://linrunner.de/tlp/installation/index.html</a>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<h3>\nBattery Uptime Timer Script</h3>\n<p>\nCustom script for monitoring battery usage and uptime.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<strong>\nGitHub Repository</strong>\n:&nbsp;<a href=\"https://github.com/mralc/Battery-uptime-timer\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(77, 170, 252);\">\nhttps://github.com/mralc/Battery-uptime-timer</a>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<h3>\nSetting Battery Charge Threshold</h3>\n<p>\nLimit battery charge to extend battery lifespan:</p>\n<pre class=\"ql-syntax\" spellcheck=\"false\">\necho 90 | sudo tee /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/charge_stop_threshold \r\n</pre>\n<p>\n<em>\nNote: Adjust the value (90%) and BAT0 according to your system.</em>\n</p>\n<h3>\nCaffeine</h3>\n<p>\nPrevents your system from going to sleep or activating the screensaver.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<strong>\nProject Page</strong>\n:&nbsp;<a href=\"https://launchpad.net/caffeine\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(77, 170, 252);\">\nhttps://launchpad.net/caffeine</a>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<h2>\n<br>\n</h2>\n<h2>\nBackup &amp; File Sharing</h2>\n<h3>\nLocalSend</h3>\n<p>\nOpen-source cross-platform alternative to AirDrop for sharing files locally.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<strong>\nWebsite</strong>\n:&nbsp;<a href=\"https://localsend.org/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(77, 170, 252);\">\nhttps://localsend.org/</a>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<h3>\nDéjà Dup</h3>\n<p>\nSimple backup tool for GNOME desktop environment.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<strong>\nGNOME Apps</strong>\n:&nbsp;<a href=\"https://apps.gnome.org/en-GB/DejaDup/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(77, 170, 252);\">\nhttps://apps.gnome.org/en-GB/DejaDup/</a>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<h3>\nFOX Clone</h3>\n<p>\nSystem backup and cloning tool for Linux.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<strong>\nSourceForge</strong>\n:&nbsp;<a href=\"https://sourceforge.net/projects/foxclone/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(77, 170, 252);\">\nhttps://sourceforge.net/projects/foxclone/</a>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<h2>\n<br>\n</h2>\n<h2>\nTerminal Utilities</h2>\n<h3>\nTmux</h3>\n<p>\nTerminal multiplexer that allows multiple terminal sessions within a single window.</p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<strong>\nGitHub Wiki</strong>\n:&nbsp;<a href=\"https://github.com/tmux/tmux/wiki\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"color: rgb(77, 170, 252);\">\nhttps://github.com/tmux/tmux/wiki</a>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n\n\n',290,0,0,'CC-BY-SA','linux',0,0,1),
(4537,'2025-12-23','“Elsbeth in IT: Since ’97” (Part 1)',2587,'Elsbeth talks to Lee about what it has been like since approx 1997 working in different parts of IT.','\n<p>\n<em>\nA two-part conversation about what it’s really like being a woman in tech for almost three decades. Content Warning: The F word probably makes an appearance multiple times.</em>\n</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\nIn this episode, Lee sits down with Elsbeth to talk about her long, winding, sometimes ridiculous, often inspiring journey through the IT industry — starting all the way back in 1997. If you’ve ever worked helpdesk, ever had a customer say “my cup holder broke” (yes, the CD tray)… or ever felt underestimated in a room full of engineers, this one’s for you.</p>\n<p>\nBecause we throw around some tech terms in the conversation, here are a few friendly definitions so everyone can follow along.</p>\n<h2>\n<br>\n</h2>\n<h2>\n<strong>\nTerms We Mentioned (in plain English)</strong>\n</h2>\n<h3>\n<strong>\nQA (Quality Assurance)</strong>\n</h3>\n<p>\nThink of QA as the people who try to break things <em>\non purpose</em>\n so regular users don’t break them <em>\naccidentally</em>\n.</p>\n<p>\n They test software, hardware, websites — you name it — to catch bugs before they cause chaos.</p>\n<p>\n If it’s glitch-free, a QA person probably saved the day behind the scenes.</p>\n<h3>\n<strong>\nContent Moderation</strong>\n</h3>\n<p>\nThis is the work of keeping the internet from turning into the Wild West.</p>\n<p>\n Moderators review posts, comments, images, and videos to make sure they follow community rules and don’t harm users.</p>\n<p>\n It’s a mix of tech tools and human judgment — and yes, it can get intense.</p>\n<h3>\n<strong>\nBuilding PCs</strong>\n</h3>\n<p>\nWhere many IT careers start! Building PCs is basically grown-up Lego:</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<ul>\n<li>\npicking parts</li>\n<li>\nassembling them</li>\n<li>\nhoping you don’t zap anything with static electricity</li>\n<li>\npraying the cable management gods smile upon you</li>\n</ul>\n<p>\nIt’s one of the most empowering skills in tech and often the first time someone realizes,</p>\n<p>\n “Oh hey… I can actually <em>\ndo</em>\n this.”</p>\n<h3>\n<strong>\nGender Equality &amp; Inequality</strong>\n</h3>\n<p>\nGender equality means giving everyone the same chance to succeed — no matter who they are.</p>\n<p>\n Gender inequality is what happens when that <em>\ndoesn’t</em>\n happen.</p>\n<p>\nIn tech, inequality often looks like:</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<ul>\n<li>\nbeing talked over</li>\n<li>\nbeing paid less</li>\n<li>\nbeing assumed “non-technical”</li>\n<li>\nhaving to prove yourself twice as hard</li>\n<li>\nbeing the only woman in a room… again</li>\n</ul>\n<p>\nElsbeth has seen all of this firsthand since 1997 — and she’s got stories.</p>\n<h3>\n<strong>\nEnd-User</strong>\n</h3>\n<p>\nThe <em>\nend-user</em>\n is simply the person who actually uses the product.</p>\n<p>\n Not the engineer who built it.</p>\n<p>\n Not the manager who approved it.</p>\n<p>\n Not the QA who tested it.</p>\n<p>\nThe end-user is the human at the end of the chain who clicks the button, pushes the key, taps the app… and finds entirely new ways to break things no one expected.</p>\n<p>\nUnderstanding them is the secret superpower of tech.</p>\n<h3>\n<strong>\nNeurodivergence</strong>\n</h3>\n<p>\nNeurodivergence means brains come in many beautiful varieties — like ADHD, autism, dyslexia, and more.</p>\n<p>\n Neurodivergent people often bring incredible strengths to IT, including creativity, pattern spotting, hyperfocus, and out-of-the-box problem solving.</p>\n<p>\nThey can also face misunderstandings in workplaces that weren’t designed with different brains in mind — something Elsbeth talks about openly and honestly in this episode.</p>\n\n\n',446,0,1,'CC-BY-SA','IT, women, work, ',0,0,1),
(4541,'2025-12-29','HPR Beer Garden 7 - UK Christmas Ales',1328,'Dave, Kevie and Paul talk about UK Christmas beers.','\n<p>\nWith Christmas approaching (and actually gone by the time this is posted), Kevie, Dave and Paul try out a variety of Christmas ales from the UK. Dave opts for <a href=\"https://stpetersbrewery.myshopify.com/products/christmas-ale\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nSt Peters Christmas Ale</a>\n, Kevie samples <a href=\"https://samuelsmithsbrewery.co.uk/shop/bottles/ale/winter-welcome-ale/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nSamuel Smith\'s Winter Welcome Ale</a>\nand Dave supports his local brewery, Purple Moose, with a mug of <a href=\"https://purplemoose.co.uk/collections/merry-x-moose\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nMerry X-Moose</a>\n.</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\n<a href=\"hpr4541_image_1.png\">\n<img src=\"hpr4541_image_1_tn.png\">\n</a>\n</p>\n<p>\nConnect with the guys on Untappd:</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<a href=\"https://untappd.com/user/thelovebug\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nDave</a>\n</li>\n<li>\n<a href=\"https://untappd.com/user/gorenia\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nPaul</a>\n</li>\n<li>\n<a href=\"https://untappd.com/user/kevie49\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nKevie</a>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\nThe intro sounds for the show are used from:</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<a href=\"https://freesound.org/people/mixtus/sounds/329806/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nhttps://freesound.org/people/mixtus/sounds/329806/</a>\n</li>\n<li>\n<a href=\"https://freesound.org/people/j1987/sounds/123003/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nhttps://freesound.org/people/j1987/sounds/123003/</a>\n</li>\n<li>\n<a href=\"https://freesound.org/people/greatsoundstube/sounds/628437/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nhttps://freesound.org/people/greatsoundstube/sounds/628437/</a>\n</li>\n</ul>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n\n\n',296,14,0,'CC-BY-SA','beer, beergarden',0,0,1),
(4551,'2026-01-12','“Elsbeth in IT: Since ’97” (Part 2)',2345,'Lee talks to Elsbeth about her experiences in IT as a woman, continued.','\n<p>\n<em>\nA two-part conversation about what it’s really like being a woman in tech for almost three decades. Content Warning: The F word probably makes an appearance multiple times.</em>\n</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<p>\nIn this episode, Lee sits down with Elsbeth to talk about her long, winding, sometimes ridiculous, often inspiring journey through the IT industry — starting all the way back in 1997. If you’ve ever worked helpdesk, ever had a customer say “my cup holder broke” (yes, the CD tray)… or ever felt underestimated in a room full of engineers, this one’s for you.</p>\n<p>\nBecause we throw around some tech terms in the conversation, here are a few friendly definitions so everyone can follow along.</p>\n<h2>\n<br>\n</h2>\n<h2>\n<strong>\nTerms We Mentioned (in plain English)</strong>\n</h2>\n<h3>\n<strong>\nQA (Quality Assurance)</strong>\n</h3>\n<p>\nThink of QA as the people who try to break things <em>\non purpose</em>\n so regular users don’t break them <em>\naccidentally</em>\n.</p>\n<p>\n They test software, hardware, websites — you name it — to catch bugs before they cause chaos.</p>\n<p>\n If it’s glitch-free, a QA person probably saved the day behind the scenes.</p>\n<h3>\n<strong>\nContent Moderation</strong>\n</h3>\n<p>\nThis is the work of keeping the internet from turning into the Wild West.</p>\n<p>\n Moderators review posts, comments, images, and videos to make sure they follow community rules and don’t harm users.</p>\n<p>\n It’s a mix of tech tools and human judgment — and yes, it can get intense.</p>\n<h3>\n<strong>\nBuilding PCs</strong>\n</h3>\n<p>\nWhere many IT careers start! Building PCs is basically grown-up Lego:</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<ul>\n<li>\npicking parts</li>\n<li>\nassembling them</li>\n<li>\nhoping you don’t zap anything with static electricity</li>\n<li>\npraying the cable management gods smile upon you</li>\n</ul>\n<p>\nIt’s one of the most empowering skills in tech and often the first time someone realizes,</p>\n<p>\n “Oh hey… I can actually <em>\ndo</em>\n this.”</p>\n<h3>\n<strong>\nGender Equality &amp; Inequality</strong>\n</h3>\n<p>\nGender equality means giving everyone the same chance to succeed — no matter who they are.</p>\n<p>\n Gender inequality is what happens when that <em>\ndoesn’t</em>\n happen.</p>\n<p>\nIn tech, inequality often looks like:</p>\n<p>\n<br>\n</p>\n<ul>\n<li>\nbeing talked over</li>\n<li>\nbeing paid less</li>\n<li>\nbeing assumed “non-technical”</li>\n<li>\nhaving to prove yourself twice as hard</li>\n<li>\nbeing the only woman in a room… again</li>\n</ul>\n<p>\nElsbeth has seen all of this firsthand since 1997 — and she’s got stories.</p>\n<h3>\n<strong>\nEnd-User</strong>\n</h3>\n<p>\nThe <em>\nend-user</em>\n is simply the person who actually uses the product.</p>\n<p>\n Not the engineer who built it.</p>\n<p>\n Not the manager who approved it.</p>\n<p>\n Not the QA who tested it.</p>\n<p>\nThe end-user is the human at the end of the chain who clicks the button, pushes the key, taps the app… and finds entirely new ways to break things no one expected.</p>\n<p>\nUnderstanding them is the secret superpower of tech.</p>\n<h3>\n<strong>\nNeurodivergence</strong>\n</h3>\n<p>\nNeurodivergence means brains come in many beautiful varieties — like ADHD, autism, dyslexia, and more.</p>\n<p>\n Neurodivergent people often bring incredible strengths to IT, including creativity, pattern spotting, hyperfocus, and out-of-the-box problem solving.</p>\n<p>\nThey can also face misunderstandings in workplaces that weren’t designed with different brains in mind — something Elsbeth talks about openly and honestly in this episode.</p>\n\n\n',446,0,1,'CC-BY-SA','IT, neurodivergence, women, women in IT, ',0,0,1),
(4571,'2026-02-09','Data processing retrospective',2600,'Lee talks to his Mum about her history with computers','\n<p style=\"\">\nWe start with <a href=\"Orwellian depictions of the future\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nOrwellian depictions of the future</a>\n read about in the 1950/60s. Working in the 1970s at companies such as <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BT_Group\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nBritish Telecom</a>\n&nbsp;and the L<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lurgi\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nurgie</a>\n. We hear about <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telex\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\ntelex</a>\n, <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainframe_computer\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nmainframes</a>\n with <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic-tape_data_storage\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nmagnetic tape</a>\n, <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typewriter\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\ntype-writers</a>\n, and the upskilling of the workforce by the <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_Exchanges_Act_1909\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nlabour-exchange</a>\n. How did a cold and lack of a home telephone lead to businessmen arriving in a foreign land sans camels? Why were <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filing_cabinet\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nfiling cabinets</a>\n replaced by <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relational_database\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\ndatabases</a>\n (or were they)? We hear about gaming from a home made version of <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pong\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nPong</a>\n all the way to <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alone_in_the_Dark\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nAlone in the Dark</a>\n. Then modern times: we hear about some favourite <a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nyoutube</a>\n streams and discover that living in the 2020s is (just about) possible without a <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphone\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">\nsmartphone</a>\n.</p>\n\n\n',403,29,0,'CC-BY-SA','telex, typing, mainframe, databases, youtube',0,0,1);

--
-- Table structure for table `hosts`
--

CREATE TABLE `hosts` (
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  `host` text NOT NULL,
  `email` text NOT NULL,
  `profile` text NOT NULL,
  `license` varchar(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'CC-BY-SA',
  `local_image` int(2) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  `gpg` text NOT NULL,
  `valid` int(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
  `espeak_name` text DEFAULT NULL COMMENT 'Version of the host name for use with espeak',
  PRIMARY KEY (`hostid`)
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--
-- Dumping data for table `hosts`
--

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(25,'Morgellon','morgellon.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Morgellon'),
(29,'willjasen','willjasen.nospam@nospam.charter.net','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',0,'willjasen'),
(30,'Ken Fallon','ken.nospam@nospam.fallon.ie','<p>No longer completely Irish, not yet completely Dutch, trying to be completely FLOSS.\r\n</p><ul><li>Website: <a href=\"https://kenfallon.com\">https://kenfallon.com</a></li><li>Mastodon: <a rel=\"me\" href=\"https://mastodon.sdf.org/@ken_fallon\">@ken_fallon@mastodon.sdf.org</a></li><li>Facebook: <a href=\"https://www.facebook.com/ken.fallon\">https://www.facebook.com/ken.fallon</a></li><li>LinkedIn: <a href=\"https://nl.linkedin.com/in/kenfallon\">https://nl.linkedin.com/in/kenfallon</a></li><li>Twitter: @ken_fallon <a href=\"https://twitter.com/ken_fallon\">https://twitter.com/ken_fallon</a></li></ul>','CC-BY-SA',0,'23B68D4377311169',1,'Ken Falun'),
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(36,'operat0r','freeload101.nospam@nospam.yahoo.com','<p><a href=\"https://rmccurdy.com\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">https://rmccurdy.com</a></p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'operator'),
(38,'Silver','silverballz.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','silverballz.com','CC-BY-NC-SA',0,'',1,'Silver'),
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(104,'pixel Juice','admin.nospam@nospam.hackerpublicradio.org','','CC-BY-NC-SA',0,'',1,'pixel Juice'),
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(107,'lostnbronx','lostnbronx.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<p> I\'m a writer, podcaster, and voice actor. My family and I live in the mountains of Arizona, with a cat and a dog. The days here are sunny (not always), the winters are mild (they often aren\'t), and the people are nice (for the most part).\n\nWhat the heck, you gotta live somewhere.<br /><a href=\"https://davidcollinsrivera.com/\">https://davidcollinsrivera.com/</a></p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'lostnbronx'),
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(110,'Quvmoh','quvmoh.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<p>\r\nold geek and fan of building things, spends the work day polishing fiber optics and staring through scopes listening to podcasts.</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Quvmoh'),
(111,'knightwise','knightwise.nospam@nospam.knightwise.com','<p>\r\nKnightwise.com is a website with hacks tips and tweaks for cross platform geeks.  The home of the Knightwise.com cross platform podcast that makes technology work for you and not the other way around. A place to go for all geeks who slide between Mac, iOS, Android, Linux and Windows offering an essential  mix of hacks, tips, howtos and tweaks spiced up with a dash of geek culture.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nWhat is our philosophy?\r\nIn our daily lives, on the internet, whether we want it or not, hundreds of new inventions, thousands of websites and millions of bits of information engulf us as the tsunami of progress sweeps along the shores of time.\r\nYou have the choice:  Be washed away on by the virtual surf  or turn technology into a tool that works for you.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nHere at Knightwise.com we think that YOU are the most important element in the technology that surrounds you. Technology should enable you and not lock you in to some vendor or product. That is why we focus on cross platform solutions that work on any operating system or mobile device you might be using, making YOU and what you want to DO the focus of our content. We dont believe in fanboys, we dont believe in vendor lock-ins and we dont believe in brands. We cater to the geeks who slide from operating system to operating system, free their data and communications and let technology work for them  instead of the other way around.\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'knightwise'),
(112,'Mark Clarke','admin.nospam@nospam.hackerpublicradio.org','','CC-BY-NC-SA',0,'',1,'Mark Clarke'),
(113,'Kevin Benko','admin.nospam@nospam.hackerpublicradio.org','','CC-BY-NC-SA',0,'',1,'Kevin Benko'),
(114,'rkirk','zugzwang.seven.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'rkirk'),
(115,'sigflup','pantsbutt.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<p>\r\n<a href=\"https://theadesilva.com\">https://theadesilva.com</a>\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'sigflup'),
(116,'janedoc','njwrightmd.nospam@nospam.yahoo.com','','CC-BY-NC-SA',0,'',1,'janedoc'),
(117,'PhreakerD7','admin.nospam@nospam.hackerpublicradio.org','','CC-BY-NC-SA',0,'',1,'PhreakerD7'),
(118,'df99','admin.nospam@nospam.hackerpublicradio.org','','CC-BY-NC-SA',0,'',1,'df99'),
(120,'pegwole','admin.nospam@nospam.hackerpublicradio.org','','CC-BY-NC-SA',0,'',1,'pegwole'),
(121,'Michael Foord ','admin.nospam@nospam.hackerpublicradio.org','','CC-BY-NC-SA',0,'',1,'Michael Foord '),
(122,'Urban Koistinen','admin.nospam@nospam.hackerpublicradio.org','','CC-BY-NC-SA',0,'',1,'Urban Koistinen'),
(123,'tmacuk ','admin.nospam@nospam.hackerpublicradio.org','','CC-BY-NC-SA',0,'',1,'tmacuk '),
(124,'Patrick L Archibald (R.I.P.)','admin.nospam@nospam.hackerpublicradio.org','','CC-BY-NC-SA',0,'',1,'Patrick L Archibald'),
(125,'elel','admin.nospam@nospam.hackerpublicradio.org','','CC-BY-NC-SA',0,'',1,'elel'),
(126,'cobra2','cobra2.nospam@nospam.linuxbasement.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'cobra2'),
(127,'KFive','k5tux.nospam@nospam.k5tux.us','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'KFive'),
(128,'pokey','admin.nospam@nospam.hackerpublicradio.org','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'pokey'),
(129,'JWP','jwp5.nospam@nospam.hotmail.com','<p>JWP is a linux follower - has a linux job and lives the life of a free Texan in the World making Texas where ever he might be.</p>','CC-BY-SA',1,'',1,'JWP'),
(130,'Jared Mayes','mayesja.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Jared Mayes'),
(131,'FiftyOneFifty (R.I.P.)','fiftyonefifty.nospam@nospam.linuxbasement.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'FiftyOneFifty'),
(132,'Flaviu Simihaian','flaviu.nospam@nospam.closedbracket.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Flaviu Simihaian'),
(133,'sp0rus','sp0rus.cs.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'sporus'),
(134,'PipeManMusic','PipeManMusic.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'PipeManMusic'),
(135,'Johninsc','johninsc.nospam@nospam.myway.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Johninsc'),
(136,'Curbuntu','curbuntu.nospam@nospam.cox.net','','CC-BY-NC-SA',0,'',1,'Curbuntu'),
(137,'guitarman','admin.nospam@nospam.hackerpublicradio.org','','CC-BY-NC-SA',0,'',1,'GuitarMan'),
(138,'arfab','clearnitesky.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-NC-SA',0,'',1,'arfab'),
(139,'Ruji','toiletresin.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-NC-SA',0,'',1,'Ruji'),
(140,'brother mouse','fratermus+hpr.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'brother mouse'),
(141,'Dismal Science','dismal.science.hpr.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Dismal Science'),
(142,'N50','admin.nospam@nospam.hackerpublicradio.org','','CC-BY-NC-SA',0,'',1,'N50'),
(143,'Broam','brian.kemp.nospam@nospam.member.fsf.org','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Broam'),
(144,'sp0rus and biosshadow','sp0rus.cs.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-NC-SA',0,'',1,'sporus and BiosShadow'),
(145,'Heisenbug','matt_hew.nospam@nospam.rocketmail.com','','CC-BY-NC-SA',0,'',1,'Heisenbug'),
(146,'JBu92','jbucky1092.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-NC-SA',0,'',1,'JBu92'),
(147,'Sven','sven.nospam@nospam.noblanks.org','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Sven'),
(148,'Mark Katerberg and Courtney Schauer','mark.katerberg.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Mark Katerberg and Courtney Schauer'),
(149,'Trixter','trixter.nospam@nospam.oldskool.org','<p>I am a child of the early 1980s, defined by the personal computer explosion, new wave music, and post-modern artistic style of that era.  Co-founded MobyGames.  I\'m an assembly programmer, demoscener, unix systems engineer, husband, and father.  I sometimes write things of dubious value at <a href=\"https://trixter.oldskool.org/\">https://trixter.oldskool.org/</a>.</p>','CC-BY-SA',1,'',1,'Trixter'),
(150,'Bariman','anthony.denton.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Bariman'),
(151,'dodddummy','jason.s.dodd.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','Just your average dummy.','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'D O D D Dummy'),
(152,'Claudio Miranda','quadsix50.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<p>Mastodon: @claudiom@bsd.network\r\nBlog: https://claudiomiranda.wordpress.com</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Claudio Miranda'),
(153,'Doug Farrell','doug.farrell.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Doug Farrell'),
(154,'MrsXoke','MrsXoke.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'MrsXoke'),
(155,'MrGadgets','hpr.nospam@nospam.mrgadgets.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'MrGadgets'),
(156,'marcoz','marcoz.nospam@nospam.osource.org','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'marcoz'),
(157,'HPR_AudioBookClub','admin.nospam@nospam.hackerpublicradio.org','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'HPR_AudioBookClub'),
(158,'Various Creative Commons Works','admin.nospam@nospam.hackerpublicradio.org','','CC-BY-NC-SA',0,'',1,'Various Creative Commons Works'),
(159,'HPR Volunteers','admin.nospam@nospam.hackerpublicradio.org','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'HPR Volunteers'),
(160,'Robin Catling','fullcirclepodcast.nospam@nospam.googlemail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Robin Catling'),
(161,'Jonathan Nadeau','feedback.nospam@nospam.frostbitemedia.org','','CC-BY-NC-SA',0,'',1,'Jonathan Nadeau'),
(162,'code.cruncher','code.cruncher_hpr.nospam@nospam.yahoo.ca','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'code.cruncher'),
(163,'Brad Carter','brad.nospam@nospam.notla.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Brad Carter'),
(164,'scriptmunkee','scriptmunkee.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-NC-SA',0,'',1,'scriptmunkee'),
(165,'Bob Evans','admin.nospam@nospam.hackerpublicradio.org','','CC-BY-NC-SA',0,'',1,'Bob Evans'),
(167,'imahuph','imahuph.nospam@nospam.imahuph.net','','CC-0',0,'',1,'ImAHuph'),
(168,'sikilpaake and badbit','info.nospam@nospam.carlosduarte.info','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'sikilpaake and badbit'),
(169,'Slurry','williams.jayson.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-NC-SA',0,'',1,'Slurry'),
(170,'Dismal Science and Sunzofman1','dismal.science.hpr.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Dismal Science and SunzOfMan1'),
(171,'Brotherred','goy.ben.regesh.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Brotherred'),
(172,'ArigornStrider','arigornstrider.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'ArigornStrider'),
(173,'Joel','gorkon.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Joel'),
(174,'Josh Knapp','jknapp85.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<p>\r\nSysadmin/Developer /Contractor/Consultant\r\n</p>','CC-0',0,'',1,'Josh Knapp'),
(175,'Dave','admin.nospam@nospam.hackerpublicradio.org','','CC-BY-NC-SA',0,'',1,'Dave'),
(176,'finux and code.cruncher','admin.nospam@nospam.hackerpublicradio.org','','CC-BY-NC-SA',0,'',1,'finux and code.cruncher'),
(177,'NewAgeTechnoHippie','newagetechnohippie.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'NewAgeTechnoHippie'),
(178,'Downer','downer.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Downer'),
(182,'Epicanis','epicanis+hpr.nospam@nospam.dogphilosophy.net','<p>\r\n\"Epicanis\" has been this correspondent\'s pseudonym on the internet for enough years to make him feel old and to make it an established enough identity to not want to change it now.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nA self-described Penguinista with a long career as a compu-janitor/systems administrator, Epicanis is broad-spectrum, \r\n multi-purpose \"Swiss-Army Nerd\", with a B.S. in Microbiology, an A.S. in Chemistry, a quarter-century of continuous\r\n I.T. experience and a desire to escape the economic roach-motel of rural northern Maine, so if you\'re looking to hire,\r\n let him know.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nYou can find him on Twitter and Google Plus via his pseudonym, and at (among other places) <a href=\"https://hpr.dogphilosophy.net\">https://hpr.dogphilosophy.net</a>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Website: <a href=\"https://hpr.dogphilosophy.net\">https://hpr.dogphilosophy.net</a>\r\n</li>\r\n<li>Twitter: @Epicanis <a href=\"https://twitter.com/Epicanis\">https://twitter.com/Epicanis</a>\r\n</li>\r\n<li>Google+: <a href=\"https://plus.google.com/u/0/117231980905216630589/posts\">https://plus.google.com/u/0/117231980905216630589/posts</a>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',1,'',1,'EpiCaynis'),
(184,'diablomarcus','mark.katerberg.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'DiabloMarcus'),
(185,'Mike Hingley','computa_mike.nospam@nospam.hotmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Mike Hingley'),
(186,'Germ','jeremythegeek.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Germ'),
(187,'Sunzofman1','agreen.nospam@nospam.bkaeg.org','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'SunzOfMan1'),
(188,'saras fox','admin.nospam@nospam.hackerpublicradio.org','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'saras fox'),
(189,'Joe Wakumara','admin.nospam@nospam.hackerpublicradio.org','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Joe Wakumara'),
(190,'Tracy Holz_Holzster','workingintheopen.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Tracy Holz_Holzster'),
(191,'AukonDK','aukondk.nospam@nospam.aukondk.com','<p>\r\nStephen Ward, a Brit in Croatia. Accidental specialist subject: Internet Radio.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nMore info at <a href=\"https://aukondk.com\">https://aukondk.com</a>\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',1,'',1,'AukonDK'),
(192,'Seetee','kenneth.nospam@nospam.aiit.se','<p>\r\nKenneth \"Seetee\" Frantzen\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nAn IT professional and teacher living in Gothenburg, the second largest city of Sweden. Listen to my own podcast as well, the All In IT Radio!\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Podcast: <a href=\"https://aiit.se/radio/\">https://aiit.se/radio/</a>\r\n</li>\r\n<li>Website: <a href=\"https://frantzen.se/\">https://frantzen.se/</a>\r\n</li>\r\n<li>Twitter: @alltinomit <a href=\"https://twitter.com/alltinomit\">https://twitter.com/alltinomit</a>\r\n</li>\r\n<li>Identica: <a href=\"https://identi.ca/alltinomit\">https://identi.ca/alltinomit</a>\r\n</li>\r\n<li>Google+: <a href=\"https://plus.google.com/+KennethFrantzen\">https://plus.google.com/+KennethFrantzen</a> \r\n</li>\r\n</ul>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Seetee'),
(193,'Kevin Granade','kevin.granade.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Kevin Granade'),
(194,'Deltaray','deltaray.nospam@nospam.slugbug.org','From the \"mid-west\" of the US. I am the creator/host of the @climagic account on Mastodon and (cough) Twitter.','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Deltaray'),
(195,'Frank Bell','frank.nospam@nospam.pineviewfarm.net','<p>\r\nA Linux enthusiast who enjoys making stuff work.\r\n<br />\r\n<a https://=\"https://www.pineviewfarm.net\">https://www.pineviewfarm.net</a>\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',1,'',1,'Frank Bell'),
(196,'Windigo','jacob.nospam@nospam.fragdev.com','<p> A dork that likes Minecraft, FLOSS development, and coffee. Not in that order. </p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Windigo'),
(197,'garjola','garjola.nospam@nospam.garjola.net','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'garjola'),
(198,'Ahuka','zwilnik.nospam@nospam.zwilnik.com','<p>I am a long-time office software geek, and also a promoter of Free Software, so LibreOffice is a natural fit for me. I also have a series on HPR called Security and Privacy, and occasionally record shows that are non-series. I am also the former Tech Track organizer for Penguicon, an event in southeast Michigan, USA. Since I retired my interests have shifted to Travel, computer games, and Science Fiction.Visit one of my sites at:\r\n</p><p>\r\n</p><ul><li><a href=\"https://www.ahuka.com\">https://www.ahuka.com</a>\r\n</li><li><a href=\"https://www.palain.com\">https://www.palain.com</a>\r\n</li><li><a href=\"https://www.zwilnik.com\">https://www.zwilnik.com</a>\r\n</li></ul>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'ah-who-ca'),
(199,'Akranis','hexagenic.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Akranis'),
(200,'mordancy','hpr.nospam@nospam.mordancy.com','mordancy.com','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'mordancy'),
(201,'MrX','mrxathpr.nospam@nospam.googlemail.com','<p><br></p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Mister X'),
(202,'BrocktonBob','bhpcrepair.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'BrocktonBob'),
(203,'dmfrey','dmfrey.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'dmfrey'),
(273,'ToeJet','james.nospam@nospam.toebesacademy.com','<p>\r\nDabbling in a bit of this and that.\r\n\r\nFind me at https://james.toebesacademy.com\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Toe Jet'),
(205,'Jezra and NYbill','nybill.nospam@nospam.gunmonkeynet.net','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Jezra and N_Y_bill'),
(206,'Bob Wooden','rbrtewdn.nospam@nospam.comcast.net','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Bob Wooden'),
(207,'rootoutcast','rootoutcast.nospam@nospam.hushmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'RootOutcast'),
(208,'Digital Maniac','destinydesignlabs.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Digital Maniac'),
(209,'David Whitman','davidglennwhitman.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<p>\r\nI am a normal person with good taste from Oregon, USA. I like black coffee and FREE Software. I use Linux as my operating system of choice.\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'David Whitman'),
(210,'Neodragon','linuxgeekster.stahl.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Neodragon'),
(296,'Kevie','kmacphail.nospam@nospam.yahoo.com','<p>I\'m a proud father, husband and Christian. I enjoy beer, reading, fishing, cooking and podcasting (co-host of TuxJam). I\'m a big follower of the NFL (Saints), NCAAF (Navy Midshipmen) and football (Rangers FC). Linux user since 2007, M$ free since 2008.</p>','CC-BY-SA',1,'',1,'Kevie'),
(428,'geospart','geospart.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<p>Linux Nerd [since 1995ish]</p>\r\n<p>Retired IT Guy</p>\r\n<p>Amateur film [analog] and digital photographer [since 1983]</p>\r\n<p>Favorited Movie Quote \"I Drank What\" - the last words of Socrates [from Real Genius]</p>\r\n<p><a href=\"http://geospart.com\">http://geospart.com</a></p>\r\n<p><a href=\"http://techandcoffee.info\">http://techandcoffee.info</a></p>\r\n','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'geo spart'),
(212,'DoorToDoorGeek','doortodoorgeek.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'DoorToDoorGeek'),
(213,'bgryderclock','bgryderclock.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'bgryderclock'),
(214,'Nido Media','nido.nospam@nospam.foxserver.be','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Nido Media'),
(403,'Lee','leehanken.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<p style=\"color: rgb(209, 203, 199) !important; --noir-bg-editable-content-background-color: #000000; --noir-text-editable-content-background-color: #e8e6e3; --noir-border-editable-content-background-color: #8c8273; --noir-bg-editable-content-color: #2d373d; --noir-text-editable-content-color: #c8c3bc; --noir-border-editable-content-color: #38464c; --noir-bg-original-color: #2d373d; --noir-text-original-color: #c8c3bc; --noir-border-original-color: #38464c; --noir-bg-original-background-color: #181e21; --noir-text-original-background-color: #d2cec8; --noir-border-original-background-color: #807769; --noir-inline-color: #c8c3bc;\" data-noir-inline-color=\"\"><a href=\"https://github.com/macsplit\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"\">https://github.com/macsplit</a></p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Lee'),
(216,'goibhniu','goibhniu.nospam@nospam.fsfe.org','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'goibhniu'),
(217,'aparanoidshell','aparanoidshell.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'aparanoidshell'),
(218,'Famicoman','famicoman.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Famicoman'),
(219,'ccmusique','ccmusique.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'ccmusique'),
(220,'doubi','ryan.jendoubi.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'doubi'),
(221,'cleavey','cleavey.nospam@nospam.ic24.net','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'cleavey'),
(222,'The Air Staff of Erie Looking Productions','skellat.nospam@nospam.fastmail.net','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'The Air Staff of Erie Looking Productions'),
(223,'Frederic Couchet','fcouchet.nospam@nospam.april.org','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Frederic Couchet'),
(224,'Zachary De Santos','niisa.nospam@nospam.gmx.co.uk','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Zachary De Santos'),
(225,'Dave Morriss','perloid.nospam@nospam.autistici.org','<p>Old Geek, lives in Scotland, writes scripts and stuff for amusement</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Mastodon: @perloid@mastodon.sdf.org <a href=\"https://mastodon.sdf.org/@perloid\">https://mastodon.sdf.org/@perloid</a></li>\r\n</ul>\r','CC-BY-SA',0,'4825C90A45758A21',1,'Dave Morriss'),
(425,'gemlog','hpr.nospam@nospam.gemlog.ca','<p>I may be found on <a href=\"https://sdf.org\">sdf.org</a> as gemlog and on mastodon as <a href=\"https://mastodon.sdf.org/@gemlog@tilde.zone\">@gemlog@tilde.zone</a></p>','CC-BY-SA',1,' ',1,'gem log'),
(226,'bobobex','bobobex.nospam@nospam.bobobex.org','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'BoBoBex'),
(227,'Dick Thomas','Dick.nospam@nospam.xpd259.co.uk','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Dick Thomas'),
(228,'Delwin','delwin.nospam@nospam.skyehaven.net','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Delwin'),
(229,'Charles in NJ','catintp.nospam@nospam.yahoo.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Charles in NJ'),
(230,'Dude-man','hpr.nospam@nospam.dudmanovi.cz','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Dude-man'),
(231,'Beto','beto.nospam@nospam.haventfoundme.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Beto'),
(232,'Peter64','peter.nospam@nospam.peter64.org','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Peter64'),
(233,'johanv','johan.vervloet.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'johanv'),
(234,'Emilien Klein','emilien+hpr.nospam@nospam.klein.st','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Emilien Klein'),
(235,'NYbill','nybill.nospam@nospam.gunmonkeynet.net','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'N Y bill'),
(237,'Tgtm News Team','hpr.nospam@nospam.deepgeek.us','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Tgtm News Team'),
(238,'Jon Kulp','jonlancekulp.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<p>\r\nMusic professor, open-source software enthusiast, Lafayette, LA. <br />\r\n<a href=\"https://jonathankulp.org \">https://jonathankulp.org </a>\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Jon Kulp'),
(239,'b1ackcr0w','alistair.nospam@nospam.amunro.net','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'blackcrow'),
(240,'Steve Bickle','steve.nospam@nospam.bickle.co.uk','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Steve Bickle'),
(241,'Christopher M. Hobbs','cmhobbs.nospam@nospam.member.fsf.org','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Christopher M. Hobbs'),
(242,'Russ Wenner','russwenner.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Russ Wenner'),
(243,'Jezra','Jezra.nospam@nospam.jezra.net','<p><br></p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Jezra'),
(244,'Helvetin','reiststefan.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Helvetin'),
(245,'Deb Nicholson','dnicholson.nospam@nospam.openinventionnetwork.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Deb Nicholson'),
(246,'Beeza','nigelverity.nospam@nospam.hotmail.com','<p>\r\nBeeza has worked in just about every area of software development over the last 30+ years, including long spells in the defence and finance industries. He is now relatively impoverished but far happier working for himself on a number of tech and non-tech projects. \r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Beeza'),
(247,'Toby Meehan','conman53095.nospam@nospam.yahoo.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Toby Meehan'),
(248,'Alek Grigorian','alek.grigorian.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Alek Grigorian'),
(249,'Accipiter','Accipiter81M.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Accsipiter'),
(250,'Shane Shennan','shaneshennan.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Shane Shennan'),
(251,'Bob Tregilus','elaterite.nospam@nospam.yahoo.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Bob Tregilus'),
(252,'Curtis Adkins (CPrompt^)','curtadkins.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Curtis Adkins (CPrompt^)'),
(253,'jrobb','jfrobbins.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'jrobb'),
(254,'Stitch','Stitch.nospam@nospam.hack42.nl','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Stitch'),
(255,'Matt McGraw (g33kdad)','matty.nospam@nospam.thestrangeland.net','<p>\r\nstay-home dad, child of God, Progressive Christian, technology enthusiast, homeschool parent, mostly harmless\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n<a href=\"https://g33kdad.thestrangeland.net\">https://g33kdad.thestrangeland.net</a>\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',1,'',1,'Matt McGraw (g33kdad)'),
(256,'Julian Neuer','jln.neuer.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Julian Neuer'),
(257,'laindir','carl.hamann.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'laindir'),
(258,'Riley Gelwicks (glwx)','riley.gelwicks.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Riley Gelwicks (glwx)'),
(259,'Gabriel Evenfire','evenfire.nospam@nospam.sdf.org','','CC-BY-SA',1,'',1,'Gabriel Evenfire'),
(260,'James Michael DuPont (h4ck3rm1k3)','JamesMikeDuPont.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'James Michael DuPont (hackermike)'),
(261,'David Willson','DLWillson.nospam@nospam.thegeek.nu','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'David Willson'),
(262,'Neandergeek','rkline1963.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Neandergeek'),
(263,'Tony Pelaez','tony.nospam@nospam.pelaez.me','<p>\r\nI feel information should be free, so I created <a href=\"https://ilearnthings.com\">https://ilearnthings.com</a>\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Tony Pelaez'),
(264,'Richard Hughes','richardhughes260.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Richard Hughes'),
(265,'Kevin Wisher','kevin.wisher.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Kevin Wisher'),
(266,'Keith Murray','kdmurray.nospam@nospam.kdmurray.com','Canadian geek from the west coast. Converting calories to code.\r\n\r\n@kdmurray nearly everywhere\r\n\r\nhtttps://kdmurray.com/','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Keith Murray'),
(267,'Underruner','plushgeek.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Underruner'),
(268,'Andrew Conway','nalumc.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<p>\r\nInterested in computers, science, economics, writing and er, well, um, humans I suppose.<br />\r\n<a href=\"https://blog.mcnalu.net/\">blog.mcnalu.net</a>\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Andrew Conway'),
(269,'Honkeymagoo','honkeymagoo01.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<p><br></p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'HonkeyMagoo'),
(270,'Thaj Sara','thajasara.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Thaj Sara'),
(271,'mirwi','mirwi.nospam@nospam.binary-kitchen.de','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'mirwi'),
(272,'cyan','cyantech.nospam@nospam.yandex.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'cyan'),
(274,'J. A. Mathis','jamathis.nospam@nospam.riseup.net','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'J. A. Mathis'),
(275,'Bill_MI','Bill_MI.nospam@nospam.mi.ath.cx','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Bill_M_I'),
(276,'x1101','x1101.nospam@nospam.gmx.com','<p>\r\nFather | Husband | Hacker | Cook | Podcaster | DevOps\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n<a href=\"https://reflections.x1101.net/\">https://reflections.x1101.net/</a><br />\r\n<a href=\"https://urandom-podcast.info/\">https://urandom-podcast.info/</a>\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'x 1 1 0 1 '),
(277,'John Duarte','john.nospam@nospam.duarte-dailey.us','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'John Duarte'),
(279,'Mark Waters','mark.nospam@nospam.collective-b.org.uk','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Mark Waters'),
(280,'semioticrobotic','bryan.nospam@nospam.semioticrobotic.net','','CC-BY-SA',0,'259E2719E0EC869B',1,'semioticrobotic'),
(281,'Scyner','person65278.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Scyner'),
(283,'Inscius','mikael.nospam@nospam.inscius.se','','CC-BY-SA',0,'97517ADC315AB7B6',1,'Inscius'),
(284,'Steve Smethurst','ssmethurst.nospam@nospam.tiscali.co.uk','','CC-BY-SA',1,'',1,'Steve Smethurst'),
(285,'2BFrank','frank.durr.nospam@nospam.mailoo.org','Our own podcast \"Linux ohne Angst\" (in German, Linux without fear): https://linuxohneangst.net','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'2BFrank'),
(286,'cjm','colin.j.mills96.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<pre>\r\n* Unix Enthusiast \r\n\r\n* Nixers Frequent\r\n\r\n* Coffee Drinker\r\n</pre>','CC-BY-SA',1,'',1,'cjm'),
(287,'corenominal','corenominal.nospam@nospam.corenominal.org','<p>\r\n<a href=\"https://corenominal.org\" title=\"Link to Philip\'s blog.\">Philip Newborough</a>\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'CoreNominal'),
(288,'beni','hpr.nospam@nospam.hb9hnt.ch','<p><br></p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'beni'),
(289,'pyrrhic','notrofise.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'pyrrhic'),
(290,'Al','al.nospam@nospam.adminadminpodcast.co.uk','<p>A very laid back podcasters from the UK.</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Al'),
(291,'Rill','jefa.nospam@nospam.lajefa.net','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Rill'),
(292,'Michal Cieraszynski','planet444.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','I am a electronics and technology enthusiast as well as hobbyist who likes to mess around with computer hardware, video games, and other things in my spare time. https://www.planet444.com, my very neglected website. I only mention it here because one day I may actually update it.','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Michal Cieraszynski'),
(293,'Rho`n','roan.horning.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<p>How grey does your beard need to be to be a grey beard?</p><ul><li>Mastodon: @roan@fosstodon.org</li><li>Matrix: @rho_n:matrix.org\r\n</li></ul>','CC-BY-SA',1,'',1,'rowen'),
(294,'daw','douglasawh.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<p>\r\n<a href=\"https://www.musicmanumit.com\">https://www.musicmanumit.com</a> and <a href=\"https://micro.fragdev.com/daw\">https://micro.fragdev.com/daw</a> are probably all you need. Although, I will say I am moving to Cincinnati summer 2015 and looking for work there (or telecommuting). So, you if you know something, let me know!\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',1,'',1,'daw'),
(295,'Cibola Jerry','cibolajerry.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Cibola Jerry'),
(297,'Swift110','anthonyvenable110.nospam@nospam.tutanota.com','<p>My telegram is t.me/forthenerdsremix\r\nirc is #forthenerds on libera</p><p><br></p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'swift  one hundred and ten'),
(437,'SolusSpider','mintspider.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<p>Real name: Peter Paterson</p><p>A Scotsman in Kentucky, USA</p><p>Employed by God\'s Pantry Food Bank</p><p>Linux user: PCLinuxOS &amp; Solus</p>','CC-BY-SA',1,' ',1,'Solus Spider'),
(431,'Moss Bliss','bardmoss.nospam@nospam.pm.me','<p>Linux User since 2002, podcaster since 2018. Currently featured on Full Circle Weekly News and mintCast, and I have stepped away after 50 episodes of Distrohoppers\' Digest. I live in Eastern Tennessee, not far from Knoxville.</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,' ',1,'Moss Bliss'),
(298,'tcuc','infotcuc.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<p>The American viking.</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'T C U C '),
(299,'Fin','finlaygmitchell.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',1,'',1,'Fin'),
(300,'Mr. Young','by33zi.nospam@nospam.protonmail.com','<p>\r\nI am a dad, small-business owner, scientist, and Linux enthousiast with a lust for knowledge. You can find me on Mastadon at @ryoung39@mastodon.online\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',1,'',1,'Mister Young'),
(421,'Reto','reto007.nospam@nospam.yahoo.com','<p>Tech enthusiast from Switzerland</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'ray toe'),
(301,'Amunizp','amunizp.nospam@nospam.member.fsf.org','<p>\r\nI am a scientist as my day job and in my free time I enjoy being with my family. I also contribute to my local hacerspace/makerspace: <a href=\"https://wiki.richmondmakerlabs.uk/index.php?title=Main_Page\">https://wiki.richmondmakerlabs.uk/index.php?title=Main_Page</a>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nmy handle at gnusocial is @andresinmp@loadaverage.org\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',1,'',1,'A MunizP'),
(302,'Stilvoid','steve.nospam@nospam.offend.me.uk','<p>\r\nDoes things with servers. Deeply embedded in the Linux world with no way out and sees that as a great thing. Father of one. Often too polite.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nIf you want to know more about me, look here: <a href=\"https://offend.me.uk/about/\">https://offend.me.uk/about/</a> and feel free to get in touch.\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Stilvoid'),
(303,'Alpha32','andrew.neher1.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<p>\r\nJust a guy with a microphone. And a computer. and some other stuff, but that\'s not important.\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Alpha32'),
(306,'GNULinuxRTM','GNULinuxRTM.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<p>\r\nStarted on the Altair 8800 in 1979 in Middle School (Very lucky to have a teacher who had a Comp Sci Degree).\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nStarted my Comp/Sci Degree in 1984.  They ran UNIX System V with VT220 terminals.  Had to learn VI editor, shell commands and C in first 2 weeks to complete the Lab.  Did some Co-ops Work-Terms, graduated in 1990.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nDay Job is mostly Microsoft Environment, switched to Linux Mint at home summer of 2014.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nJust Started an Educational Youtube Channel (April 2015).  I am the Voice of the GNU Bull and my daughter is the voice for the Linux Penguin.  Later added the Blog and Podcast.  Trying to make it Family Friendly and bring life to relatively dry topic - Documentation.\r\n</p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Links</h3>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Blog:  <a href=\"https://GNULinuxRTM.blogspot.com\">https://GNULinuxRTM.blogspot.com</a>\r\n</li>\r\n<li>RSS Feed:  <a href=\"https://feeds.feedburner.com/GNULinuxRTM\">https://feeds.feedburner.com/GNULinuxRTM</a>\r\n</li>\r\n<li>Youtube Channel:  <a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/c/GNULinuxRTMblogspotPlus\">https://www.youtube.com/c/GNULinuxRTMblogspotPlus</a>\r\n</li>\r\n<li>Google+:  <a href=\"https://plus.google.com/+GNULinuxRTMblogspotPlus\">https://plus.google.com/+GNULinuxRTMblogspotPlus</a>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>','CC-BY-SA',1,'',1,'GNULinuxRTM'),
(305,'kurakura','kurakuradave.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<p>\r\nLong time listener of HPR, drawn to Linux in 2008, because of the accessibility features (Orca, font size and mouse pointer customizability) which I continue to use daily until today, now plus the screen magnifier. \r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nLately, started work on ChorusText, a device built with Arduino, Linux SBC and some sliders, and text-to-speech - an open assistive device for users with visual impairment. The main goal for ChorusText is as a non-visual text editor. Plase see <a href=\"https://www.chorustext.org\">www.chorustext.org</a> for more details\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'kurakura'),
(307,'cheeto4493','Travis.nospam@nospam.travestylabs.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'cheeto4 4 9 3'),
(308,'A Shadowy Figure','hpr.saxz.nospam@nospam.9ox.net','<p>\r\nfrom parts unknown, weight unknown, a shadowy figure has a murky past, with a questionable alibi for his whereabouts at any particular time.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nLikes: hacking, and lurking in shadows.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nDislikes: Corporate greed, and revealing things about himself.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nUses Linux as main computing device, windows and mac as back-ups\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',1,'',1,'A Shadowy Figure'),
(309,'folky','hpr.nospam@nospam.svenskaa.net','<p>\r\nEveryday GNU/Linux-user, german-speaking, living in northern Europe.\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'folky'),
(311,'clacke','hpr.nospam@nospam.clacke.user.lysator.liu.se','<p>On GNU/Linux since <a href=\"https://www.linux-m68k.org/faq/saynotowatchtower.html\">Amiga Watchtower</a>, using it as my primary OS since Debian Slink, been on Ubuntu ever since it fulfilled the derailed UserLinux dream.</p>\r\n<p>These days I\'m running Ubuntu-Gnome, but I\'m considering NixOS+Guix as my primary OS, with a Debian chroot for the pieces that are missing.</p>\r\n<p>You can find me on the Free social web at <a href=\"https://libranet.de/~clacke\">clacke@libranet.de</a>.</p>\r\n','CC-BY-SA',1,'',1,'clacke'),
(387,'Cedric De Vroey','cedric.nospam@nospam.n0b0t.com','<p>\r\nHi, I\'m Cedric, and I work as a professional pentester. Social engineering, bypassing access controls both physical and digital, that\'s what I live for :-)\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Cedric De Vroey'),
(388,'Padraig Jeroen Fallon','pakie+hpr.nospam@nospam.bussum.org','<p>I like DND.</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Padraig Jeroen Fallon'),
(310,'Geddes','geddes.linux.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',1,'',1,'Geddes'),
(312,'Moral Volcano','vsubhash.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<p>\r\nBlogger. Writer. Developer.\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',1,'',1,'Moral Volcano'),
(313,'JustMe','easlingml.nospam@nospam.aliyun.com','<p>I\'ve been in &amp; out of computing since the late 70s.</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'JustMe'),
(314,'thelovebug','hpr.nospam@nospam.thelovebug.org','<p><strong>Professionally:</strong> works in InfoSec and AppSec.</p><p><strong>Spare time: </strong>podcasting, amateur radio, 3D printing, musician.\r\n<strong>Lives: </strong>South Yorkshire in the UK.\r\n</p><p>\r\n</p><p><strong>Mastodon: </strong><a href=\"https://mastodon.me.uk/@thelovebug\">@thelovebug@mastodon.me.uk</a>\r\n<strong>Telegram: </strong><a href=\"https://telegram.me/thelovebug\">thelovebug</a></p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'TheLoveBug'),
(315,'Clinton Roy','clinton.roy.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<p>Clinton Roy is an Open Source engineer.</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Clinton Roy'),
(317,'Eric Duhamel','ericxdu23.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<p>\r\nI\'m a 30-something programming/computer hobbyist in Southern California.\r\n<br />\r\nSee more on my webpage <a href=\"https://www.noxbanners.net/\">https://www.noxbanners.net/</a> and follow me on <a href=\"https://loadaverage.org/ericxdu23\">https://loadaverage.org/ericxdu23</a>\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Eric Duhamel'),
(318,'Archer72','ricemark20.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<p>I got started in Linux in 2002, with a set of Mandriva KDE CD\'s and have enjoyed using variations ever since. </p><p>\r\nCurrently switched to Debian 13 testing.</p><p><br></p><h3>Contact:</h3><p><br></p><ul><li>archer72 on IRC on libera.chat at #oggcastplanet</li><li>Mastodon at @archer72@mastodon.sdf.org</li><li>Telegram at @archer7201</li></ul>','CC-BY-SA',1,'',1,'Archer Seventy Two'),
(439,'Jon The Nice Guy','jon.nospam@nospam.sprig.gs','<p>He/Him. Linux advocating Geek. Co-Host on the Admin Admin Podcast. Occasional Conference Speaker.</p>','CC-0',0,'',1,'Jon The Nice Guy'),
(319,'OnlyHalfTheTime','onlyhalfthetime.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<p>The Reluctant Windows Admin</a>','CC-BY-SA',1,'',1,'OnlyHalfTheTime'),
(320,'The Linux Experiment','editor.nospam@nospam.thelinuxexperiment.com','<p>Help us take The Linux Experiment to the next level!</p>','CC-BY-SA',1,'',1,'The Linux Experiment'),
(322,'Cov','cov.nospam@nospam.mykolab.com','<p>\r\nChristopher \"Cov\" Covington is a fan of libre projects, currently living in North Carolina, United States of America. His personal site is <a href=\"https://covlibre.net/\">https://covlibre.net/</a>\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Cov'),
(323,'Nacho Jordi','ijordiatienza.nospam@nospam.yahoo.es','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Nacho Jordi'),
(324,'Jon Doe','jondoelocksmith.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<p>A locksmith by training, I work in physical and digital security, and have some fun with the same by night. </p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Jon Doe'),
(325,'m1rr0r5h4d35','m1rr0r5h4d35.nospam@nospam.gmx.com','<p>I\'m this guy who likes computers. Computers and Burger King. </p>','CC-BY-SA',1,'',1,'MirrorShades'),
(326,'Brian-in-Ohio','bknavarette.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<p><br></p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Brian in Ohio'),
(327,'noplacelikeslashhome','nathanpublicinbox.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'NoPlaceLikeSlashHome'),
(328,'Joe','jsilino.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<p>\r\nHi, I\'m Joe Silino and I live in Upstate NY. I\'ve been using Linux since the late 90\'s and have recently entered the world of sound production. I\'m currently introducing my tech team at church to the benefits of the Open Source world and finding it very useful for many of my projects.\r\n<br />\r\n<a href=https://soundcloud.com/calvaryworshipandtech\">https://soundcloud.com/calvaryworshipandtech</a><br />\r\n<a href=\"https://soundcloud.com/ccsyracuse\">https://soundcloud.com/ccsyracuse</a>\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Joe'),
(329,'brian','venant.nospam@nospam.protonmail.ch','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'brian'),
(330,'Bitbox','bitbox.nospam@nospam.member.fsf.org','<p>\r\nI\'m a long haul trucker who runs all 48 states here in the US. I really enjoy tinkering with my laptops and used to do a lot of nuke and pave. I am afraid you wont find me on social media nor do I have a website. I don\'t really have much time for that stuff, and I have never been a big social butterfly, anyway. I live in  north east Indiana, in the US. I am a father 3 times over, and Grampa twice over. Been married 26 years (yeah,... a VERY patient woman there). I work between 75 and 85 hrs a week, roughly 70 of it driving. I\'ve been an HPR listener for about 2-3 years now, but as of 15 April 2016, I am just now contributing my first episode (shame...). I will strive to do better, Ken...!<br />\r\n<strong>PS: I really hate seeing people get scraped off the highways. I like tech too, but STOP TEXTING AND PLAYING WITH PHONES WHILE YOU DRIVE, EVERYONE. PLEASE!</strong>\r\n</p>\r\n','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Bitbox'),
(331,'njulian','njulianmallog.nospam@nospam.yahoo.de','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'njulian'),
(332,'schism','alarmdude9.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'schism'),
(333,'pope523','joseph.harris.nospam@nospam.jlharris.net','<p>Former network engineer, now delivery driver.</a>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'pope5 2 3'),
(334,'Steve Saner','hpr.nospam@nospam.saner.net','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Steve Saner'),
(424,'hobs','hobson.nospam@nospam.tangibleai.com','<p>\r\nPassion: Open source, open data, teachable AI that that you can trust.<br />\r\nCoauthor: _Natural Language Processing in Action_ 1st and 2nd Ed<br />\r\nCTO: Social impact chatbots at Tangible AI (<a href=\"https://tangibleai.com\">https://tangibleai.com</a>) <br />\r\nAdjunct Professor: Data Science (UCSD Extension), Computer Science (Mesa College)<br />\r\nMentor: Data Science (Springboard)<br />\r\nEducation: Robotics (MS, Georgia Tech)<br />\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'hobs'),
(335,'matthew','matthew.nospam@nospam.fairvega.com','<p>I\'m a family guy, a pilot, and a compulsive programmer.</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'matthew'),
(336,'Lyle Lastinger','lylelastinger.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Lyle Lastinger'),
(337,'handsome_pirate','jdulaney.nospam@nospam.fedoraproject.org','<p>handsome_pirate (John Dulaney) is a long time contributor to the Fedora Project.  He is an avid rail enthusiast, and considers his model ships to be his artwork.</p>','CC-BY-SA',1,'',1,'handsome_pirate'),
(338,'Tony Hughes AKA TonyH1212','tonyhughes1958.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<p>\r\nI\'m a middle age bloke who enjoys using and talking about computers and open source software. I started using Linux in 2006 and have been using it as my Operating System on all my PC\'s for the last 7 years. I\'m also an avid cook and enjoy creating new vegetarian recipes as I have been a vegetarian for over 26 years. <br />\r\nI have an occasional Blog at: <a href=\"https://tony-hughes.blogspot.co.uk/\">https://tony-hughes.blogspot.co.uk/<a/>\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Tony Hughes A.K.A TonyH1 2 1 2'),
(339,'Todd Mitchell','Todd.nospam@nospam.codewriteplay.com','<p>\r\nMidwest US-based freelance entertainment journalist focused on the game industry. Former professional software developer and current indie game hobbyist. \r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nTwitter: <a href=\"https://twitter.com/Mechatodzilla\">@Mechatodzilla</a>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n<a href=\"https://CodeWritePlay.com\">CodeWritePlay.com</a>\r\n</p>\r\n','CC-BY-SA',1,'',1,'Todd Mitchell'),
(340,'mattkingusa','Matt.nospam@nospam.autumnstreetrecords.com','<p>\r\nHi im matt king. I produce music on linux and i try and code wesites. :)\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'MattKingUSA'),
(359,'The Alien Brothers Podcast (ABP)','alienbrotherspc.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<p>\r\nThe Alien Brothers Podcast is written?, recorded, and produced? by Rutiger and Casper.  Check out their noise experiments here (on hpr)\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',1,'',1,'The Alien Brothers Podcast (ABP)'),
(360,'Joey Hess','id.nospam@nospam.joeyh.name','<p><a href=\"https://joeyh.name/\">https://joeyh.name/</a></p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Joey Hess'),
(342,'norrist','norrist.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<p>https://noc.social/@norrist</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'norrist'),
(2,'Kn1ghtl0rd','kn1ghtl0rd.nospam@nospam.hotmail.com','https://www.kn1ghtl0rd.org','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Kn1ghtl0rd'),
(4,'Phizone','phizone.nospam@nospam.infonomicon.org','https://infonomicon.org','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Phizone'),
(5,'Scedha','scheda.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','https://underfirenetwork.com','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Scedha'),
(6,'J-Hood','JHood.nospam@nospam.JHood.biz','https://tehshow.org','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'J-Hood'),
(8,'LinLin','will.nospam@nospam.techcentric.org','https://www.techcentric.org','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'LinLin'),
(9,'Irongeek','irongeek.nospam@nospam.irongeek.com','https://irongeek.com','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Irongeek'),
(10,'p0trill0','p0trill023.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','https://twatech.org','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'potrillo'),
(11,'Pat from TLLTS','patrickmdavila.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','Co-host of the The Linux Link Tech Show. Former host of the MythTVCast.','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Pat from The Linux Link Tech Show'),
(12,'livinded','livinded.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','https://deadbytes.net','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'livinded'),
(13,'Jason Scott','jason.nospam@nospam.textfiles.com','https://www.textfiles.com','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Jason Scott'),
(14,'Blackratchet','blackratchet.nospam@nospam.blackratchet.org','https://www.binrev.com','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Blackratchet'),
(15,'Merk','Merk.nospam@nospam.iname.com','https://google.com','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Merk'),
(16,'Madjimisimi','madjimisimi.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','https://google.com','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Madjimisimi'),
(17,'Pixelfiend','pxfiend.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','https://google.com','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Pixelfiend'),
(19,'Luminaire','salveya.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','https://google.com','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Luminaire'),
(20,'Dominic Uilano','123.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','https://google.com','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Dominic Uilano'),
(21,'Killersmurf','ksmurf99.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','https://google.com','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Killersmurf'),
(22,'Electroman','electroman37.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','https://electrostuff.net','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Electroman'),
(23,'Lowtek Mystik','lowtekmystik.nospam@nospam.walla.com','https://ninjanightschool.com/','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Lowtek Mystik'),
(26,'ponyboy','cliffstoll.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','https://bellcoreradio.net/','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'ponyboy'),
(27,'Dr^ZigMan','drzigman.nospam@nospam.bellsouth.net','https://binrev.com','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Dr^ZigMan'),
(28,'Kynan Dent','kynan.nospam@nospam.kynan.org','https://kynan.org','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Kynan Dent'),
(31,'Xcalibur','xcalibur1337.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','https://www.google.com','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Xcalibur'),
(32,'Metatron','metatron.nospam@nospam.fbillradio.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Metatron'),
(33,'dual_parallel','admin.nospam@nospam.hackerpublicradio.org','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'dual_parallel'),
(34,'Coder365','admin.nospam@nospam.hackerpublicradio.org','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Coder365'),
(35,'Cottonballs','cottonballz.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','https://www.google.com','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Cottonballs'),
(37,'Haq','burnmytime.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','https://www.google.com','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Haq'),
(40,'coldsteal','antonnid.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','https://www.i-trash.org','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'coldsteal'),
(43,'GeoNine','projektdiscon.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'GeoNine'),
(44,'spiffytech','spiffytech.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'spiffytech'),
(45,'L3pprd/ocCode','l3pprd.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','https://occ0de.wordpress.com','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'L3pprd/ocCode'),
(46,'blackmath','blckmth.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','https://blackmath.org','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'blackmath'),
(47,'cid','cidviscous.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'cid'),
(49,'kotrin','admin.nospam@nospam.hackerpublicradio.org','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'kotrin'),
(50,'Dospod','drewmarin.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','https://dospod.i-trash.org','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Dospod'),
(51,'Messyman','admin.nospam@nospam.hackerpublicradio.org','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Messyman'),
(52,'javatard','admin.nospam@nospam.hackerpublicradio.org','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'javatard'),
(53,'Zach','admin.nospam@nospam.hackerpublicradio.org','https://packetsniffers.org','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Zach'),
(54,'skrye','skrye.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'skrye'),
(56,'riscphree','riscphree.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'riscphree'),
(59,'MrE','admin.nospam@nospam.hackerpublicradio.org','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'MrE'),
(60,'Faceman','lt.faceman.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Faceman'),
(61,'DarkShadow','admin.nospam@nospam.hackerpublicradio.org','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'DarkShadow'),
(63,'spaceout','admin.nospam@nospam.hackerpublicradio.org','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'spaceout'),
(65,'ThoughtPhreaker','admin.nospam@nospam.hackerpublicradio.org','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'ThoughtPhreaker'),
(66,'Adam','admin.nospam@nospam.hackerpublicradio.org','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Adam'),
(67,'Draven','admin.nospam@nospam.hackerpublicradio.org','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Draven'),
(68,'Mc Frontalot','admin.nospam@nospam.hackerpublicradio.org','https://frontalot.com','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Mc Frontalot'),
(343,'The Bishop','bishop-hpr.nospam@nospam.mondkalbantrieb.de','<p>\r\nHi, i am The Bishop from Berlin/Germany.<br />\r\nMy computer experience started more than 30 years ago with Commodore Plus 4 and Commodore 64. Later on i continued with Commodore Amiga 500 and Amiga 1200. My first PC was an 80286-based. I started using Linux with Slackware 3.2(?) and Kernel 2.0.20.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nMy favourite topics are compression technology and cryptography. I\'m a guy interested in low level stuff down to the raw bits, i leave the modern GUI-programming for others.\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',1,'',1,'The Bishop'),
(344,'spaceman','admin.nospam@nospam.hackerpublicradio.org','<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"https://qzc3ou3vccr3yjyg.onion/\">https://qzc3ou3vccr3yjyg.onion/</a></li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https://loadaverage.org/spaceman\">https://loadaverage.org/spaceman</a></li>\r\n</ul>','CC-BY-SA',1,'',1,'spaceman'),
(346,'Bill \"NFMZ1\" Miller','thenfmz1.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<p>\r\nOld man who loves tech and discussing everything tech wise. A master of none. Love the outdoors and being a dad.\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',1,'',1,'Bill \"NFMZ1\" Miller'),
(348,'Reg A','krtariles.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<p>\r\nI\'m an old retired dude. Former US Air Force and US Army living in the state of Georgia, USA with plenty time on my hands to mess with computers and electronic devices.\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Reg A'),
(349,'Hannah, of Terra, of Sol','spacehanners.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<p>\r\nI\'m down with the space, and ASIC. Let\'s look at the stars with python and an antenna. \r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Hannah, of Terra, of Sol'),
(350,'BobJonkman','bjonkman+hpr.nospam@nospam.sobac.com','<p>Bob Jonkman works with computers. He\'s an instructor, project manager and system administrator. In another life he dabbles in politics, too.</p>','CC-BY-SA',1,'',1,'BobJonkman'),
(351,'@einebiene','postfach.nospam@nospam.einebiene.de','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'@EinerBeener'),
(352,'fth','freakdoesgeek.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<p>\r\nA free and libre software end user with admiration for the community.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n@fth_nix on twitter\r\n</p>\r\n','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'fth'),
(353,'venam','patrick.nospam@nospam.iotek.org','<ul>\r\n<li>venam from <a href=\"https://nixers.net\">https://nixers.net</a>\r\n</li>\r\n<li>Patreon: <a href=\"https://www.patreon.com/venam\">https://www.patreon.com/venam</a>\r\n</li>\r\n<li>Blog: <a href=\"https://venam.nixers.net\">https://venam.nixers.net</a>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>','CC-BY-SA',1,'',1,'venam'),
(354,'TheDUDE','jstahlman13.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<pre>\r\nTheD|_|D3\r\n</pre>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'TheDUDE'),
(355,'Knox','jrknox1977.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<p>\r\nI am a life long tech geek. I love all things tech. I started with a TRS-80 Model 3 in 6th grade and have never looked back! \r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Knox'),
(356,'Mongo','mongo.nospam@nospam.mailfence.com','<p>\r\nI am a retired former Systems Administrator. The last almost 20 years was supporting Windows servers. After retiring, I still wanted to play with computers, but need to keep costs reasonable. When Windows XP went unsupported, I found a nice Linux replacement for my old netbook. Now, a couple years later, I am getting serious about switching. This project is part of my path to freedom.\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Mongo'),
(357,'bjb','bjb.nospam@nospam.sourcerer.ca','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'bjb'),
(358,'Ironic Sodium','ironic.sodium.42.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Ironic Sodium'),
(361,'Aaressaar','sundaryourfriend.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Aaressaar'),
(362,'MPardo','mpardohpr.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-0',0,'',1,'MPardo'),
(363,'the_remora','HPR+the_remora.nospam@nospam.theremora.me','<p>\r\nI enjoy messing with Linux, Playing Board Games, Role-Playing Games and LARPING\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',1,'',1,'the_remora'),
(364,'Tuula','tuukka.turto.nospam@nospam.oktaeder.net','<!-- test --><p>\r\nEternal tinkerer of code, who occasionally writes things down at <a href=\"https://engineersjourney.wordpress.com/\">https://engineersjourney.wordpress.com/</a>\r\n or contributes to hylang project at <a href=\"https://github.com/hylang/hy\">https://github.com/hylang/hy</a>\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Tuula'),
(365,'Bookewyrmm','tasettle.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','A man, out, standing, in his field','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'bookworm'),
(381,'Nihilazo','nico.nospam@nospam.itwont.work','<p>I\'m just a person. I blog @ <a href=\"itwont.work\">https://itwont.work/</a></p>','CC-BY-SA',1,'',1,'Niel azo'),
(366,'Philip','philip.nospam@nospam.shutdown.network','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Philip'),
(368,'Xtrato','james.nospam@nospam.jamesdotcom.com','<p>Interested in Network security and Technology</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Xtrato'),
(369,'Jeroen Baten','jbaten.nospam@nospam.i2rs.nl','<p>I have been in IT for more than 40 years and since 1998 mainly in open source and Linux doing technical stuff. Lately I do more with burn-out prevention.</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Jeroen Baten'),
(432,'mnw','mnw.nospam@nospam.member.fsf.org','I like beer, computers, and motorcycles. I\'m never really good at these things. My SDF about me page kind of sums it up \r\n\r\nhttps://mnw.sdf.org\r\n','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'M. N. W.'),
(433,'Trollercoaster','jurgen.nospam@nospam.digitalfreedomfoundation.org','<p>Enthusiastic about Software Freedom Day and Digital Freedoms!</p>','CC-BY-SA',1,'',1,'Troller coaster'),
(370,'Yannick','yannick.nospam@nospam.frenchguy.ch','<p>\r\nI\'m Yannick. I\'m french, I live in Switzerland. Hence, the french guy from Switzerland !<br />\r\nI\'m a geek, a father, a podcaster.<br />\r\nI\'m interested in programming, of all sorts, in all kinds of languages.<br />\r\nI like to tinker with basic electronics components, especially LEDs !<br />\r\nI have half a dozen Raspberry Pis, and probably twice that amount of micro controllers of all sorts.<br />\r\nI have many websites :\r\n</p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\"https://frenchguy.ch\">https://frenchguy.ch</a></li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https://theawesomejinglefactory.frenchguy.ch/\">https://theawesomejinglefactory.frenchguy.ch/</a></li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https://euterpiaradio.ch\">https://euterpiaradio.ch</a></li>\r\n</ul>','CC-0',0,'',1,'Yannick'),
(371,'desearcher','desearcher.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<p> Hello, World! </p> <p> I\'m just a TRS-80 that grows algae while my code compiles. </p> <p> Sometimes I beep. </p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'de searcher'),
(372,'Edward Miro / c1ph0r','c1ph0r.nospam@nospam.protonmail.com','<p>\r\nJust an old dude from the internet.\r\n<br />\r\n<br />\r\nI gave a talk at a local hacker con once about vehicle based surveillance.\r\nI also contributed to a privacy/hacking project called <a href=\"https://shadowlinkit.com/\">Shadowlink </a>with the main focus being the NetP Wiki (The NetP Wiki is a fully collaborative and dynamic guide designed to help navigate the world of privacy &amp; anonymity).\r\n<br />\r\n<br />\r\nCurrently moving prior blogs and content over to my GitHub Page:\r\n<a href=\"https://c1ph0r.github.io/\">https://c1ph0r.github.io/ </a>\r\n<br />\r\n<br />\r\nPrevious episodes:<br />\r\n<a href=\"https://hackerpublicradio.org/eps.php?id=2707\">hpr2707 :: Steganalysis 101 </a>\r\n</p>\r\n','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Edward Miero'),
(373,'Floyd C Poynter','Floyd.C.Poynter.nospam@nospam.protonmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Floyd C Poynter'),
(374,'aldenp','alden.peeters.nospam@nospam.leagueh.xyz','<p>\r\nOpen source and decentralization/P2P enthusiast\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',1,'',1,'aldenp'),
(375,'minnix','minnix.nospam@nospam.minnix.dev','find me on mastodon: @minnix@upallnight.minnix.dev\r\n\r\nfind me on matrix: @minnix:minnix.dev\r\n\r\nfind me on peertube: https://nightshift.minnix.dev/c/nightshift/videos?s=1\r\n\r\nfind me on funkwhale: @minnix@allnightlong.minnix.dev\r\n\r\nfind me in your ears: https://linuxlugcast.com/','CC-0',0,'',1,'minnix'),
(376,'Joel D','joel.nospam@nospam.jdueck.net','<p>\r\nI\'m a dad and programmer in Minnesota. I enjoy publishing small books, small websites and small programs, sometimes all at once! I am at <a href=\"https://joeldueck.com\">https://joeldueck.com</a>, <a href=\"https://twitter.com/joeld\">@joeld</a> on Twitter, or <a href=\"https://icosahedron.website/@joeld\">@joeld@icosahedron.website</a> on Mastodon.\r\n</p>\r\n','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Joel D'),
(377,'Zen_Floater2','zen_floater2.nospam@nospam.yahoo.com','<p>My name is Zen_Floater2,  I am a former human being, converted into a Squirrel by {ALIENS} in the 1960\'s and placed in a magical forest in Eastern Oklahoma.   Green Country; I think they call it.<br />\r\nI started developing software in 1975 post Vietnam.  Atheist and complainer about HUMANS and their STUFF</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Zen Floater two'),
(378,'Shannon Wright','support.nospam@nospam.wrighttechnical.net','<p>\r\nI have been using technology since the early 90s.  I love anything tech.  My career started in technical phone support in the 90s.  I have since moved into areas such as: content manager, technical training, business systems analyst, systems administrator and systems engineer.  I love solving problems and continue to learn something new all the time.</p>','CC-BY-SA',1,'',1,'Shannon Wright'),
(379,'mightbemike','mightbemike.nospam@nospam.protonmail.com','<p>Jack of all trades, master of none. Usually discuss computer stuff, hopefully in a way that is accessible and informative.</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'might be mike'),
(380,'Carl','online.nospam@nospam.chave.us','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Carl'),
(382,'Daniel Persson','mailto.woden.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<p> I\'m a developer that loves creating code, talking about different solutions, and learning new things. </p><p> </p><p> During the workday, I create systems to extract text from media assets, structure them, and produce different results to make the media accessible to everyone. </p><p> </p><p> In my time off, I like to create small prototypes and try different techniques and libraries. </p><p> </p><p> I\'m also creating some Youtube videos to inspire and help developers to improve their skills. Not that I know everything, but we learn by teaching. </p><p> </p><p> Other than these hobbies, I run some open-source projects. To mention a few, I developed the Android SQRL client and the Wordpress plugin for SQRL. I\'ve also contributed to projects creating braille text, epubs, and PDFs as these subjects are close to my daily work. I usually say that I know too much about the PDF file structure as I\'ve worked six years on a tool to extract text from PDFs. </p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'<p>I’m a developer that loves creating code, talking about different solutions, and learning new things.</p>\r\n<p>During the workday, I create systems to extract text from media assets, structure them, and produce different results to make the media accessible to everyone.</p>\r\n<p>In my time off, I like to create small prototypes and try different techniques and libraries.</p>\r\n<p>I’m also creating some Youtube videos to inspire and help developers to improve their skills. Not that I know everything, but we learn by teaching.</p>\r\n<p>Other than these hobbies, I run some open-source projects. To mention a few, I developed the Android SQRL client and the Wordpress plugin for SQRL. I’ve also contributed to projects creating braille text, epubs, and PDFs as these subjects are close to my daily work. I usually say that I know too much about the PDF file structure as I’ve worked six years on a tool to extract text from PDFs.</p>\r\n',1,'Daniel Persson'),
(383,'Paul Quirk','paul.nospam@nospam.pquirk.com','<p>I\'m a licensed electrician, but my hobbies include open source software and retro computing. After listening to Hacker Public Radio for almost a year, I decided to become a contributor.</p>','CC-BY-SA',1,'',1,'Paul Quirk'),
(384,'monochromec','monochromec.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<p>\r\nTwo old wise men talking about free and open source software, life in general and having a bit of fun along the way.\r\n</p>','CC-BY',0,'',1,'monochromec'),
(385,'crvs','carvas.f.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'c r v s'),
(386,'DanNixon','dan.nospam@nospam.dan-nixon.com','<p>Software engineer, hacker, maker, open source activist.</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Dan Nixon'),
(389,'TrumpetJohn','john.nospam@nospam.biblicaltrumpets.org','<p>\r\nI am a trumpet player/musician/and worship leader with a PhD in church music. I enjoy \"life hacking\" and understanding how systems can influence our daily life, and free us to be more creative beings. My blog site is <a href=\"https://biblicaltrumpets.org\">biblicaltrumpets.org</a>.\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Trumpet John'),
(390,'o9l','amanda1usernamesarehard.nospam@nospam.protonmail.com','<p>\r\nI\'m o9l!  The name comes from... well... that\'s a story for another time.\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'o9l'),
(391,'Some Guy On The Internet','Lyunpaw.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<p>- <strong>Mastodon:</strong> @Yung_Lyun@mastodon.social  \r\n- <strong>Matrix:</strong> @sgoti:matrix.org  \r\n- <strong>Mumble</strong> (chatter.skyehaven.net): SGOTI  \r\n- All messages, created by SGOTI, published on the Social Media  \r\nplatforms: <strong>Mastodon, Matrix, and Mumble</strong> are licensed under  \r\nCreative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC-BY-SA).  </p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Some Guy On The Internet'),
(420,'HopperMCS','gage.nospam@nospam.gages.blog','I science the computers! https://madcompscientist.com','CC-BY-SA',1,'',1,'gage hopper'),
(392,'timttmy','marshall.cleave.nospam@nospam.tiscali.co.uk','<p>\r\nPlease contact me on my pleroma account @timttmy@the-pit.uk</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'timttmy'),
(393,'Anonymous Host','Anonymous.Host.nospam@nospam.hackerpublicradio.org','A catch all account for those who wish to submit content anonymously.','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Anonymous Host'),
(394,'Trey','jttrey3.nospam@nospam.yahoo.com','<p><br></p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Trey'),
(395,'CoGo','cogocogocogocogo.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<p>\r\nBorn Again Christian<br />\r\nCNC hobbyist, worker<br />\r\nLove but can\'t afford aviation.\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Co Go'),
(396,'BlacKernel','izzyleibowitz.nospam@nospam.pm.me','<p>\r\n<strong>Name:</strong> Izzy Leibowitz \r\n<strong>Handle:</strong> BlacKernel</p>\r\n<hr />\r\n<h3>Bio</h3>\r\n<p>I was born at a very young age and, from there, the rest is history.</p>\r\n<p>It\'s not a skill set, it\'s a compultion.</p>\r\n<p>Just your average korn kob on the internet; strangely not using ksh.</p>\r\n<h3>System Fetch</h3>\r\n<p>\r\n<strong>Prefered Pronouns:</strong> Any (He/She/They/It/Your Majesty/Feared Ruler of the Forbidden Languages/etc)<br />\r\n<strong>Prefered Languages:</strong> Rust (compuled), Lua (scripting), Fish (shell scripting)<br />\r\n<strong>Prefered Shell:</strong> fish<br />\r\n<strong>Prefered OS:</strong> Slackware<br />\r\n<strong>Prefered DE:</strong> -XFCE- KDE (you guys were right after all)</p>\r\n<hr />\r\n<h4>Other Projects</h4>\r\n<p>\r\n<strong>SCP Foundation:</strong> <a href=\"https://scpwiki.com/drleibowitz\">Dr. Izzy Leibowitz</a></p>\r\n<h4>Contact Me</h4>\r\n<p>\r\n<strong>Email:</strong> <a href=\"mailto@izzyleibowitz@pm.me.html\">izzyleibowitz at pm dot me</a> \r\n<strong>Mastodon:</strong> <a href=\"https://nixnet.social/BlacKernel\">at blackernel at nixnet dot social</a>\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Black Kernel'),
(397,'hakerdefo','forever.jekyll.nospam@nospam.disroot.org','<ul>\r\n<li>Blog => <a href=\"https://hakerdefo.github.io/\">https://hakerdefo.github.io/</a></li>\r\n<li>Code => <a href=\"https://github.com/hakerdefo\">https://github.com/hakerdefo</a></li>\r\n</ul>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'haker de fo'),
(398,'one_of_spoons','hpr.nospam@nospam.spoons.one','<p>Mastodon, though very rarely:<br />\r\n@one_of_spoons@hispagatos.space\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'one of spoons'),
(399,'dnt','dnt.nospam@nospam.revolto.net','<ul><li><br></li></ul>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'D. N. T.'),
(401,'Mechatroniac','anarch0re.nospam@nospam.tutanota.com','<p>\r\nThe Mechatronics Maniac\r\n<br />\r\n<a href=\"https://www.bitchute.com/channel/mechatroniac/\">https://www.bitchute.com/channel/mechatroniac/</a>\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Mechatroniac'),
(402,'takov751','takov751.nospam@nospam.protonmail.com','<ul>\r\n<li>Twitter: <a href=\"https://twitter.com/takov751\">@takov751</a></li>\r\n<li>matrix: <a href=\"https://matrix.to/#/@takov751:matrix.org\">takov751:matrix.org</a></li>\r\n<li>email: takov751+hpr@protonmail.com</li>\r\n</ul>','CC-BY-SA',1,'',1,'takov 7 5 1'),
(404,'Sarah','sarah.nospam@nospam.giammarco.ca','<p>Librarian. Spends too much time on the internet.</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Sarah'),
(406,'binrc','binrc.nospam@nospam.protonmail.com','https://0x19.org\r\nthanks for listening :)','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'bin R. C.'),
(407,'Celeste','zceleste.nospam@nospam.protonmail.com','<p>I once made a hand-crocheted goose named Celeste in my free time and the \"Goose Celeste\" has since become a sort of online nickname for me.</p>','CC-BY-NC-SA',0,'',1,'Celeste'),
(405,'Lurking Prion','LurkingPrion.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<p>\r\nLurking Prion (He/Him/His) is a cybersecurity enthusiast, evangelist, mentor, and professional with 20+ years experience in the Healthcare, Financial, Telecommunications, Managed Security Services Provider (MSSP), Hybrid Cloud Service Provider (CSP), and other unspecified business sectors...\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nBeginning as a network administrator, Lurking Prion\'s career followed security as it progressed throughout the years in roles including:\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Linux/Windows Systems Administrator</li>\r\n<li>Network Engineer</li>\r\n<li>Telecommunications Engineer</li>\r\n<li>Security Engineer and Architect</li>\r\n<li>Ethical Hacker</li>\r\n<li>Security Consultant</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nLurking Prion also has a passion for teaching. It is his mission to help build a new generation of cyber security professionals with a security mindset.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nLurking Prion may occasionally refer to himself as Robert.<br />\r\nLurking Prion likes coffee, dark beer, and dirty martinis.<br />\r\nLurking Prion only refers to himself in the third person when there is a lack of coffee or an abundance of stupidity.<br />\r\nLurking Prion\'s eye starts to twitch when all hell is about to break loose.<br />\r\nLurking Prion\'s spirit animal is DeadPool.\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Lurking Prion'),
(416,'screwtape','screwtape.nospam@nospam.sdf.org','Hi everyone! I like to write on the gopher and in common lisp. I am experimenting with idiomatic inclusion of formal ACL2 first order logic as part of larger ASDF3 common lisp system definitions that include side-effect modules.\r\n\r\nYou might know me from the gopher. gopher.club/1/users/screwtape\r\nI normally use openbsd, but in different contexts I often use NetBSD or FreeBSD and I also use Gentoo and Debian linux.','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'screw tape'),
(414,'Kinghezy','cbart387.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Kinghezy'),
(410,'Hipernike','hipernike.nospam@nospam.proton.me','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Hipernike'),
(70,'TheYellow1','TheYellow1.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'The Yellow One'),
(71,'Will Jason','willjasen.nospam@nospam.charter.net','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Will Jason'),
(411,'Paul J','hpr.nospam@nospam.pauljohnstone.com','I am a full-stack developer','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Paul J'),
(412,'m0dese7en','m0dese7en.nospam@nospam.mykolab.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Mode Seven'),
(413,'CCHits.net Team','show.nospam@nospam.cchits.net','CCHits.net is a website which produces a daily, weekly and sometimes even a monthly music podcast. Find out more at cchits.net','CC-BY',0,'',1,'CCHits dot net Team'),
(415,'enistello','enistello.nospam@nospam.tuta.io','@enistello@fosstodon.org','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'ennis tello'),
(417,'StarshipTux','wakko222.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','Linux Enthusiast, Podcast Addict','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Star ship Tux'),
(418,'David Thrane Christiansen','david.nospam@nospam.davidchristiansen.dk','<p>\r\nI love programming languages and their implementations, and I especially love exploring new paradigms of writing programs. I\'m online at <a href=\"https://davidchristiansen.dk\">https://davidchristiansen.dk</a>.\r\n</p>','CC-BY',0,'',1,'David Thrane Christiansen'),
(419,'Ryuno-Ki','andre.jaenisch.nospam@nospam.posteo.de','Web-Developer and Consultant as a freelancer since 2023.\r\n\r\nHomepage: https://jaenis.ch/\r\nProfessional email: andre.jaenisch.wdc@posteo.net','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Ryuno-Ki'),
(422,'FredBlack','fred.nospam@nospam.svenskaa.net','<p>A nonbinary musician who can\'t stop yapping about their nyckelharpa...</p><p><br></p><p>Pronouns page https://en.pronouns.page/@fred_black</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Fred Black'),
(451,'Major_Ursa','kuszmar.dave.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<p>One of the members of the League of Better Villains</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Major Ursa'),
(423,'Noodlez','contact.nospam@nospam.nathanielbarragan.xyz','Hello all! I\'m Noodlez, an HPR listener and now contributor. I like anything to do with Linux and Linux-adjacent (Like other Unixes), and programming, and other random things like retro gaming.','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Noodlez'),
(426,'Ne01sfree','incontinentgirl.nospam@nospam.proton.me','I have no onlne pressence, I am anti social media, as socialmedia and is anti me I am not a great conversationalist, and not good at making friends.\r\n\r\nI say what I think I am very honest and forward and open. \r\nSimplifying things is not easy for me.\r\nExplaining things is not easy for me.\r\n\r\nI am a Neuro Divergant Ecentric individual who is tapped by the British Care system, because I do not wish to abide by societys ideas of a model citizen. Because being a perfect individual does not intrest me, I fail capacity assesments and so I am trapped under the care act 2014.\r\nRegardless, i can play a piano, build a desktop, debate contextual ideas in physics and technology and create the most imaginitive tech and science ideas you may ever here, in 10 seconds flat.','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Neo is Free'),
(427,'thompsgj','thompsgj.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','I\'m a conversation designer and engineer with a background in education.\r\n\r\nhttp://www.linkedin.com/in/greg-thompson-10287a1b\r\nhttps://chatbotdesign.substack.com/','CC-BY-SA',0,' ',1,'thom p s g j'),
(429,'Henrik Hemrin','hehemrin.nospam@nospam.hemrin.com','<p>My profession is telecom engineer. I live in Sweden. My website has content in English and Swedish: <a href=\"https://www.hemrin.com/\">https://www.hemrin.com/</a></p><p>   \r\n</p><p>You can find Mastodon and other contact methods in the footer of my web site. </p><p>\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Henrik Hemrin'),
(430,'Dave Hingley','anim8or_2000.nospam@nospam.yahoo.co.uk','<p>Comic book artist using primarily open source and free resources to make comics.\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Dave Hingley'),
(438,'Paulj','Paul.nospam@nospam.teulu.org','<p>Blog: https://teulu.org\r\n\r\nMastodon: @paul_j@hachyderm.io\r\n\r\nHam radio contact details:\r\nCallsign: MW7PAJ\r\nHamshack hotline: 5501062\r\nHamsOverIP: 200307\r\n</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Paul Jay'),
(436,'hairylarry','hairylarry.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<p>Hairy Larry is my stage name. I\'m into music, gaming, free culture, and programming the internet. On mastodon @hairylarry@gamerplus.org</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'hairy larry'),
(434,'Lochyboy','alexandersmacphail.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<p>Son of Kevie. I\'m a gamer and Linux user from the Isle of Lewis. My interests are History, YouTube and classic TV comedies.</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Lochy boy'),
(435,'Bob','omsfpmqo.nospam@nospam.sharklasers.com','','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'bob'),
(441,'Antoine','antoine.nospam@nospam.antoine.com.br','<p>Love learning.</p><p>Thanks!</p>','CC-BY-NC',1,'',1,'Antoine'),
(442,'Shane - StrandedOutput','info.nospam@nospam.strandedoutput.com','<p>Hi, I\'m an omni-nerd known as Shane but I also go by StrandedOutput on that there interwebs. I host a podcast called Linux Lads, I\'m involved in the Dublin Linux Community and TOG Hackerspace. I also love technology, making music, electronics, history, politics, science fiction, game development, Blender and more.</p>','CC-BY-SA',1,' ',1,'Shane A.K.A Stranded Output'),
(440,'iota','davidfung.nospam@nospam.amgcomputing.com','<p><br></p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'iota'),
(449,'Manon','manon.nospam@nospam.fallon.ie','<p><br></p>','CC-BY-SA',0,' ',1,'manon'),
(450,'Wojciech','wojciech.nospam@nospam.pisarski.org','<p>Hi, I\'m a nerd from Poland working as a software engineer.</p>\n<p>You can reach me on the Fediverse at <a href=\"https://fosstodon.org/@wpisarski\">wpisarski@fosstodon.org</a></p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Wojciech'),
(448,'oxo','2oxo.nospam@nospam.protonmail.com','<p><br></p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'oxo'),
(443,'Marc W. Abel','hpr2025.nospam@nospam.marcabel.com','<p><br></p>','CC-BY',0,'',1,'Marc W. Abel'),
(444,'murph','murph.nospam@nospam.weirdness.com','<p>You can find me on the fediverse at <a href=\"https://hackers.town/@murph\">@murph@hackers.town</a></p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'murph'),
(445,'Jerm','jerm.nospam@nospam.the-wyrms-hoard.com','<p><br></p>','CC-BY-SA',0,' ',1,'Jerm'),
(446,'Elsbeth','dolphinraver.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<p><br></p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Els beth'),
(447,'ko3moc','ante.nospam@nospam.ko3moc.com','<p><br></p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'koemoc'),
(452,'Kirbotica','kirbotica.nospam@nospam.protonmail.com','<p>A self-proclaimed success story in the tradition of Tom Vu, <strong>Kirbotica </strong>is living the hacker dream surrounded by the rich and beautiful things that matter most: family, friends, pets, computers, old signs and obsolete electronics. When he is not found endlessly walking the local streets and ravines, much of Kirbotica\'s time is spent trying to convince others to get involved in one of his \"great\" new ideas. On weekends, he works early in the morning at the local science centre while listening to his favorite podcasts echoing loudly through the empty halls. The voices of Hacker Public Radio, Late Night Linux, Off the Hook, Malicious Life and Darknet Diaries all keep him company as he gets the exhibits and artifacts ready for the day\'s visitors. A 30 year veteran in the computer industry, Kirbotica’s artistic sense has been so toned down by ex-employers, that he can only see in 2 bit color without the use of special glasses.</p>','CC-BY-SA',1,'',1,'Kir botica'),
(453,'Thibaut','thibaut.nospam@nospam.thibaut.dev','<p><br></p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Tea Bow'),
(454,'candycanearter','candycanearter.nospam@nospam.gmail.com','<p>tech nerd and long time linux user, likes hacking scripts together</p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Candy can arder'),
(455,'Whiskeyjack','kb432.nospam@nospam.gmx.com','<p><br></p>','CC-BY-SA',0,'',1,'Whiskey Jack');

--
-- Table structure for table `licenses`
--

CREATE TABLE `licenses` (
  `id` int(5) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `short_name` varchar(11) NOT NULL,
  `long_name` varchar(60) NOT NULL,
  `url` varchar(80) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=9 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb3 COLLATE=utf8mb3_unicode_ci;

--
-- Dumping data for table `licenses`
--

INSERT INTO `licenses` (`id`, `short_name`, `long_name`, `url`) VALUES (1,'CC-0','Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication','http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/'),
(2,'CC-BY','Creative Commons Attribution','http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'),
(3,'CC-BY-SA','Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike','http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0'),
(4,'CC-BY-ND','Creative Commons Attribution No Derivatives','http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0'),
(5,'CC-BY-NC','Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial','http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0'),
(6,'CC-BY-NC-SA','Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike','http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0'),
(7,'CC-BY-NC-ND','Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial No Derivatives','http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0'),
(8,'MIT','MIT','https://mit-license.org/');

--
-- Table structure for table `miniseries`
--

CREATE TABLE `miniseries` (
  `id` int(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(100) NOT NULL,
  `description` text NOT NULL,
  `private` tinyint(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  `image` text NOT NULL,
  `valid` int(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=128 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb3 COLLATE=utf8mb3_unicode_ci;

--
-- Dumping data for table `miniseries`
--

INSERT INTO `miniseries` (`id`, `name`, `description`, `private`, `image`, `valid`) VALUES (4,'Databases','This series will attempt to discuss various different aspects of Database design and operation.',0,'',1),
(5,'This Old Hack','fawkesfyre tales of hacking',1,'',1),
(6,'The Linux Boot Process','Dann talks about the linux boot process',1,'',1),
(7,'LPI Certifications','A series focusing on Linux Professional Institute Certifications (LPIC) <br><a href=\"https://www.lpi.org/\">https://www.lpi.org/ </a>',0,'',1),
(8,'Virtualization','Initiated by Deepgeek, this series contains contributions from many hosts on the topic of Virtualization\r\n',0,'',1),
(11,'Lightweight Apps','Reviews of light weight applications',0,'',1),
(14,'Beverages','The making and consuming of all types of fermented drinks, such as: brewing your own beer, beer tasting and home wine making',0,'',1),
(93,'Cooking','Cooking techniques, recipes, recommendations and cooking equipment',0,'',1),
(78,'Interviews','HPR Correspondents bring you Interviews from interesting people and projects',0,'',1),
(19,'SourceCast','<a href=\"https://sourcecast.org/\"> https://sourcecast.org/ </a> <br>',1,'',1),
(21,'Vulgar Esperanto','klaatu talks about Esperanto',0,'',1),
(22,'All Songs Considered','A Collection of Songs by various artists',0,'',1),
(23,'What\'s in My Toolkit','This is an open series where Hacker Public Radio Listeners can share with the community the items that they can\'t live without, what they find useful in day to day life.',0,'toolkit',1),
(25,'Programming 101','A series focusing on concepts and the basics of programming',0,'',1),
(26,'RoundTable','Panelists dicuss a topic each month.',0,'',1),
(82,'Vim Hints','<p>\r\nVarious contributors lead us on a journey of discovery of the Vim (and vi) editors.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nVim is a highly configurable text editor built to enable efficient text editing. It is an improved version of the vi editor distributed with most UNIX systems.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\n<a href=\"https://www.vim.org/about.php\">https://www.vim.org/about.php</a>\r\n</p>',0,'',1),
(28,'NewsCast','What\'s happening in the News world',1,'',1),
(29,'How I got into tech','Started by monsterb, this series invites people to share with us how they found Linux. It has become traditional for first time hosts to share with us their journey to Linux. Indeed it has morphed to be way to share your journey in tech right up to your first contribution to HPR.',0,'',1),
(30,'Tit Radio','Welcome to TiT Radio! The only Hacker Public Radio show with super cow powers broadcasting live on ddphackradio.org every utter Saturday night at 11pm CST.  You may be asking yourself \"What in tarnation is Tit Radio?\"  Well, it\'s a potluck style roundtable of geeks talking about Free Software, GNU + Linux, and anything geeky the TiTs bring to the table.  Chat with the TiTs over at irc.freenode.net #linuxcranks.  Thats no bull.',1,'',1),
(34,'Talk Geek to me','deepgeek talks geek to his fans',1,'',1),
(35,'SELF Talks 2009','South East Linux Fest talks 2009',1,'',1),
(36,'Software Freedom Day Dundee 2009','Software Freedom Day Dundee 2009',1,'',1),
(38,'A Little Bit of Python','<p>\r\nInitially based on the podcast \"A Little Bit of Python\", by Michael Foord, Andrew Kuchling, Steve Holden, Dr. Brett Cannon and Jesse Noller. <a href=\"https://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/weblog/arch_d7_2009_12_19.shtml#e1138\">https://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/weblog/arch_d7_2009_12_19.shtml#e1138</a>\r\n</p>\r\n<p>\r\nNow the series is open to all.\r\n</p>',0,'',1),
(42,'Bash Scripting','This is an open series in which Hacker Public Radio Listeners can share their Bash scripting knowledge and experience with the community. General programming topics and Bash commands are explored along with some tutorials for the complete novice.',0,'',1),
(43,'HAM radio','A series about all things Amateur Radio/HAM Radio.',0,'',1),
(119,'Travel','This is an open series where our hosts can document their travel experiences',0,'',1),
(120,'Battling with English','Looking at the English language and highlighting some common anomalies, mistakes, mispellings, grammar problems and similar.',0,'',1),
(121,'HPR New Year Show','Our community welcomes in every time zone to the New Year in this annual event.',1,'',1),
(122,'Computer Strategy Games','<p>This series is about Computer Strategy Games or Video Games as defined by <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_game\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_game</a></p>',0,'',1),
(44,'Read \'n Code','The Read \'n Code podcast, the only podcast about literature and computer programming.',0,'',1),
(45,'Podcasting HowTo','This series is designed to help the new host begin podcasting and to give the experienced host some tips and tricks.<br />The series is open to all.',0,'',1),
(46,'Urban Camping','Tips and tricks for the Urban Camper',1,'',1),
(47,'HPR Community News','A monthly look at what has been going on in the HPR community. This is a regular show scheduled for the first Monday of the month.',1,'',1),
(48,'The Language Frontier','In this miniseries Skirlet discusses various different aspects of language.',1,'',1),
(52,'THEATER OF THE IMAGINATION','<p></p>\r\n<p>This is my series on Dramatic Audio Media, such as Old Time Radio (\"The Shadow\", \"Gunsmoke\", etc.), BBC Radio, and other classics -- but also, and most especially, the current renaissance of this art form, and how a person (like me, like you) can begin producing your own audio fiction or poetry or whatever for the enjoyment of countless others. This will be a learning process for me, and my mistakes might very well help you avoid any similar such in your own endeavors.</p>\r\n<p></p>',1,'',1),
(53,'HPR_AudioBookClub','HPR AudioBook Club',1,'',1),
(54,'Syndicated Thursdays','A chance to showcase other Creative Commons works. We try to expose podcasts, speeches, presentations, music, etc that you may not have heard. If you have suggestions for items then send your recommendation to admin at hpr and we\'ll add it to the queue.',0,'',1),
(57,'Hardware upgrades','Hosts share their experiences when upgrading their equipment.',0,'',1),
(58,'spics on tech','sikilpaake & badbit team up to give us a Mexican view of the hacker world.',1,'',1),
(95,'Tabletop Gaming','<p>In this series, initiated by klaatu, analog games of various sorts are described and reviewed. See <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabletop_game\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabletop_game</a> for details.</p>\r\n',0,'',1),
(96,'Penguicon','Penguicon is a Non-Profit, Open Source - Science Fiction Convention held in Southfield, Michigan.\r\n\r\nSee the website at <a href=\"https://www.penguicon.org/\">https://www.penguicon.org/</a> or the Wikipedia page at <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguicon\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguicon</a>\r\n',0,'',1),
(126,'Business Applications','A open series on Business specific Applications',0,'',1),
(127,'Religion and Spirituality','Discussions on the intersection of Hacking and Belief',0,'',1),
(61,'Networking','This series will try and explain the basics of networking to the listener as well as introduce more detailed topics.',0,'',1),
(62,'OggCamp','OggCamp<br />A Free Culture Unconference',0,'',1),
(63,'Packaging applications for GNU Linux and BSD','Klaatu submits a series on packaging applications for GNU Linux and BSD.',0,'',1),
(65,'Talk Geek to me News','',1,'',1),
(0,'general','',0,'',1),
(67,'Linux in the Shell','Linux In The Shell aims to explore the use of many commands a user can run in the Bash Shell. Tutorials include a write up with examples, an audio component about the write up, and a video component to demonstrate the usage of the command.<br />\r\nThe website is <a href=\"https://www.linuxintheshell.com/\">https://www.linuxintheshell.com/</a>',1,'',1),
(69,'Freedom is not Free ','Examining the difference between <b>freedom</b> and <b>free of cost</b>. In the world of free software the main emphasis is on the freedom to run, copy, distribute, study, change and improve the software, not on its lack of cost.',0,'',1),
(70,'LibreOffice','In this in-depth series on LibreOffice we examine Writer, Calc and Impress',0,'',1),
(71,'Mental Health','In this series we discuss issues surrounding mental health.',0,'',1),
(72,'Practical Math','Goal for the series: Embracing units, and carrying them along as you go, can help you work with confidence in using maths in your life.',0,'',1),
(73,'LinuxJAZZ','Shows about Bariman\'s experience as a jazz musician using Linux',1,'',1),
(74,'Privacy and Security','In this open series, you can contribute shows that are on the topic of Privacy and Security',0,'',1),
(75,'Podcast recommendations','This is an open series where Hacker Public Radio listeners can share and recommend podcasts that they listen to.',0,'podcasts',1),
(77,'Filesystems','In this series we explore various different filesystems.',0,'filesystems',1),
(79,'Accessibility','Shows about tearing down the barriers for our fellow hackers.',0,'',1),
(80,'5150 Shades of Beer','FiftyOneFifty leads this open series on all aspects of the Beer.',0,'',1),
(81,'Version Control','This is an open series in which Hacker Public Radio Listeners can share their knowledge and experience of version or revision control systems such as Bazaar, Mercurial, Subversion, CVS and Git.',0,'',1),
(83,'April Fools Shows','',1,'',1),
(84,'Compilers - how they work','In this series we examine how compilers work',0,'',1),
(94,'Learning Awk','Episodes about using Awk, the text manipulation language. It comes in various forms called awk, nawk, mawk and gawk, but the standard version on Linux is GNU Awk (gawk). It\'s a programming language optimised for the manipulation of delimited text.',0,'',1),
(87,'Uber Leet Hacker Force Radio','In this series sigFLUP speaks about her latest coding projects, plays music and conducts interviews',1,'',1),
(88,'Coffee','All aspects of making the perfect cup of Coffee',0,'',1),
(90,'Learning sed','Episodes about using sed, the Stream Editor. It\'s a non-interactive editor which you can use to make simple changes to data, which is how many people use it. However, sed also has a lot of hidden power, especially in the GNU version.',0,'',1),
(91,'Arduino and related devices','In this series various contributors talk about how to use and program Arduino single-board microcontrollers and related devices.<br />\r\nSee the Wikipedia article\r\n<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Arduino_boards_and_compatible_systems\">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Arduino_boards_and_compatible_systems</a> for details of the range of devices.\r\n',0,'',1),
(98,'Apt Spelunking','<p>\r\n\"Apt spelunking\" is a silly term I made up for the act of searching through your package manager, App Store, Code Repo, etc  with vague terms, and trying out random applications therein. <br />\r\n\r\nA public series started by Windigo.\r\n</p>',0,'',1),
(99,'Information Underground','Deepgeek, Klaatu, and Lostnbronx discuss things.',0,'',1),
(100,'Health and Healthcare','A open series about Health and Healthcare',0,'',1),
(101,'Sound Scapes','Come with us on a journey through sound.',0,'',1),
(102,'GNU Readline','GNU Readline is a software library that provides line-editing and history capabilities for interactive programs with a command-line interface, such as Bash. It is currently maintained by Chet Ramey as part of the GNU Project. This series looks at some of the features of this powerful library.',0,'',1),
(103,'Hobby Electronics','Building electronic devices and kits, repairing electronics and\r\nlearning about components and their uses.',0,'',1),
(104,'Introduction to Git','Initiated by Klaatu, this open series introduces Git and the concepts behind its use in a collaborative environment.',0,'',1),
(105,'Random Elements of Storytelling','lostnbronx leads us on an investigation of the fundamentals of story telling.',1,'',1),
(106,'YouTube Subscriptions','Where the HPR community members share their YouTube Subscriptions',0,'',1),
(107,'Haskell','<p>A series looking into the <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haskell_(programming_language)\"> Haskell (programming language)</a></p>',0,'',1),
(108,'Social Media','Looking at aspects of Social Media - platforms, histories, popularity, philosophies, etc.',0,'',1),
(109,'Lord D Film Reviews','<p>A memorial series dedicated to our late host <a href=\"https://hackerpublicradio.org/correspondents.php?hostid=24\">Lord Drachenblut</a></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Five categories, each rated 0, 1, or 2, so that the final reviews range anywhere from 0 to 10, with 0 being the worst film ever, and 10, the best.</p>\r\n\r\n<p>Each category asks two yes-or-no questions. If the answer to both is no, that category gets a 0. If only one is a yes, it gets a 1. If both are a yes, it gets a 2.</p>\r\n\r\n<h4>Plot</h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Does it make sense, and/or is free of huge holes?</li>\r\n<li>Does it seem like it has not been done too often?</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<h4>Main characters</h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Are they realistic?</li>\r\n<li>Do you care about them?</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<h4>Genre</h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Does it work for the plot?</li>\r\n<li>Would this tale have been better in another genre?</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<h4>Construction</h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Is the acting competent for the tale?</li>\r\n<li>Are the production and/or editing competent?</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<h4>Payoff</h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Did the film makers manage to do what they seemed to be intending?</li>\r\n<li>Are you emotionally satisfied when the film is over?</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n',0,'',1),
(110,'Blockchain','A open series on the Blockchain, cryptographic hash, cryptocurrency, bitcoin etc',0,'',1),
(111,'Linux Inlaws','This is Linux Inlaws, a series on free and open source software, black humour, the revolution and freedom in general (this includes ideas and software) and generally having fun. ',1,'',1),
(112,'The art of writing','An open series on writing tools, media, supplies and techniques.',0,'',1),
(113,'GIMP','An overview of this open-source graphics program, with a focus on photographic issues.',0,'',1),
(114,'Model Hacking','Creating, restoring, painting all sorts of models from RPG characters to model cars.',1,'',1),
(115,'Bicycle Hacking','Maintaining, enhancing and repairing bikes; also the creation of new bikes from recycled ones.',0,'',1),
(116,'Languages','About human languages, including learning them and speaking them',0,'',1),
(117,'DOS','DOS is a general acronym for \"Disk Operating System\", though it came to refer to the operating system used in the IBM PC, particularly Microsoft\'s MS-DOS.',0,'',1),
(118,'Hack Radio Live','A series of syndicated shows about hacking, also available on https://hackradiolive.org/',1,'',1),
(123,'Today I Learnt','A series where hosts speak about recent discoveries they have made which they consider might be of interest to the HPR Community.',0,'',1),
(124,'Science Fiction and Fantasy','A series where hosts talk about Science Fiction and Fantasy in the form of books, movies, TV series, etc.',0,'',1),
(125,'Home Automation','A open series on anything related to Smart Home, or Internet Of Things',0,'',1);

--
-- Table structure for table `twt_eps`
--

CREATE TABLE `twt_eps` (
  `id` int(5) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  `date` date NOT NULL,
  `title` varchar(100) CHARACTER SET utf8mb3 COLLATE utf8mb3_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `duration` int(5) NOT NULL,
  `summary` varchar(100) CHARACTER SET utf8mb3 COLLATE utf8mb3_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `notes` text CHARACTER SET utf8mb3 COLLATE utf8mb3_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `hostid` int(10) NOT NULL,
  `series` int(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  `explicit` tinyint(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
  `license` varchar(11) CHARACTER SET utf8mb3 COLLATE utf8mb3_unicode_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT 'CC-BY-NC-SA',
  `tags` varchar(200) CHARACTER SET utf8mb3 COLLATE utf8mb3_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `version` int(5) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  `downloads` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `valid` int(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  UNIQUE KEY `ep_num` (`id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 COLLATE=latin1_swedish_ci;

--
-- Dumping data for table `twt_eps`
--

INSERT INTO `twt_eps` (`id`, `date`, `title`, `duration`, `summary`, `notes`, `hostid`, `series`, `explicit`, `license`, `tags`, `version`, `downloads`, `valid`) VALUES (9,'2005-09-29','Misc Stuff',1180,'','Linlin, J-Hood and the crew discuss tech',8,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(2,'2005-09-20','Cat5 Cables',874,'','droops and dosman talk about network cables',1,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(17,'2005-10-11','Open Source Project',532,'','getting involved with open source projects',4,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(3,'2005-09-21','Old and new dos',1040,'','dosman uses his old school skills to to talk about old and new dos',3,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(4,'2005-09-22','Future of Wifi',1383,'','J-Hood, LinLin and others talk about the future of wifi',6,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(5,'2005-09-25','PEAR',512,'','Rambling about the PEAR project and 35+ instances of uh or um',4,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(6,'2005-09-26','Enhancing Documentation',1190,'','A look at cross-platform, open source and free screen recoding utilities',7,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(7,'2005-09-27','Phreaknic',304,'','droops talks about phreaknic and hacking cons',1,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(8,'2005-09-28','Apt-get on Suse',291,'','droops installs apt-get on suse, so that he can use apt-get to take advantage of yast.',1,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(10,'2005-10-02','Network Sniffing',944,'','http://www.irongeek.com/i.php?page=security/AQuickIntrotoSniffers',9,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(11,'2005-10-03','vi',708,'','basics of vi, the best linux text editor',1,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(12,'2005-10-04','Programming Languages',698,'','Intro to programming lessons',10,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(13,'2005-10-05','Kanotix Lovefest',1119,'','pat and Dave \\\"Judland\\\" Bouley love some kanotix',11,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(14,'2005-10-06','Linux directory structure test',944,'','A synopsis of the Linux directory structure according to the file system standards and some tips on effective partitioning for Linux.',7,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(15,'2005-10-09','Computer Forensics',1167,'','a little late, but better late than never',3,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(16,'2005-10-10','Hot or Not',610,'','Schedas hot or not.',5,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(27,'2005-10-25','Securing your box for a hacker con. (uns',690,'','<a href=\\\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iptables\\\">Iptables</a>\r\n\r\n\r\n<br><a href=\\\"http://www.netfilter.org/documentation/HOWTO//packet-filtering-HOWTO.html\\\">IPTables how-to</a>\r\n\r\n<br><a href=\\\"http://www.irongeek.com/i.php?page=security/roguefileshares\\\">Article on finding rogue file shares</a>\r\n\r\n<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.phreaknic.info\\\">PhreakNIC website</a>\r\n\r\n<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_shell\\\">SSH Info</a>\r\n<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://openssh.com/\\\">OpenSSH</a>\r\n<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/\\\">PuTTY</a>\r\n<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOCKS\\\">SOCKS Info</a>\r\n<br><a href=\\\"http://www.freecap.ru/eng/?p=download\\\">FreeCap SOCKS Client (for Windows)\r\n</a>\r\n<br><a href=\\\"http://www.inet.no/dante/\\\">Dante SOCKS client (for Linux)\r\n</a>',9,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(18,'2005-10-13','Jason takes us for a ride....',875,'','To get food',13,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(19,'2005-10-13','Droops - Reads Electric Universe',750,'','droops reads from Electric Universe by David Bodanis',1,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(20,'2005-10-16','LIVE CDs',912,'','<a href=\\\"http://slax.linux-live.org/\\\"> SLAX</a><br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.hakin9.org/en/\\\">Hackin9</a>',7,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(21,'2005-10-17','cell phones and bluetooth',546,'','No Shownotes Provided.',11,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(22,'2005-10-18','C# (c sharp)',1107,'','No Shownotes Provided.',14,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(23,'2005-10-19','More on Intel Processors',1874,'','No Shownotes Provided.',15,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(1,'2005-10-10','Special Episode',583,'','his is the intro episode of TWAT Radio, dosman talks about hyper/multi threading',3,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(24,'2005-10-20','Making CMD.EXE more like your *nix shell',571,'','No Shownotes Provided.',1,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(25,'2005-10-23','Setting up a home recording studio',1538,'','No Shownotes Provided.',46,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(26,'2005-10-24','Debian on a Sharp Zaureus',416,'','No Shownotes Provided.',17,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(28,'2005-10-26','Anti Forensics',1065,'','FireWire - all your memory are belong to us<br>\r\nhttp://md.hudora.de/presentations/#firewire-cansecwest<br>\r\n<br>\r\nAnti-forensics:<br>\r\nhttp://vidstrom.net/<br>\r\n<br>\r\nTalisker Anti <br>Forensic Tools:<br>\r\nhttp://www.networkintrusion.co.uk/foranti.htm<br>\r\n<br>\r\nThe Coroners Toolkit<br> (Dan Farmer and Wietse Venema)<br>\r\nhttp://www.porcupine.org/forensics/tct.html<br>\r\n<br>\r\nI made a statement about a paper Dennis Ritchie wrote, after finding it again it appears it was Ken Thompson that wrote it,<br> easy enough mistake to make ;)<br>\r\nhttp://cm.bell-labs.com/who/ken/trust.html<br>\r\n<br><br>',3,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(29,'2005-10-27','Edubuntu on an old computer for children',756,'','No Shownotes Provided.',1,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(30,'2005-10-30','TWAT Info',482,'','Twat is taking a break for a month. <br>We all need to take this month, make some episodes, get new listeners, get new hosts, and make twat so that it is updated every day.<br> p0trill0 is the new site admin, so that we will have more than one person trying to keep things updated.<br>\r\n<br>\r\nDec 1st will start Twat back up again, hopefully with more hosts and more interesting content.<br>\r\n<br>\r\nThanks to all that have gotten us this far.<br>\r\n<br>\r\ndroops had a bit of wine, so if you like infonomicon radio, you really need to listen to this one<br>\r\n\r\n',1,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(31,'2005-11-30','droops starts it off and then it quickly',1125,'','No Shownotes Provided.',1,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(32,'2005-12-01','Password Management',350,'','Many of us have the problem of trying to remember and un-godly amount of\r\npasswords for the various services and programs that we use on a daily\r\nbasis.<br> So I am gonna talk about portable password managment solutions. <br>All\r\nthe passwords are protected by one master password that is necessary to\r\noperating the software.<br> Some of the software packages also have the\r\nfunctionality of creating pseudo-random passwords on the fly, so if you need\r\na new password you don’t have to make one up, the software will make one for\r\nyou and I promise it will be more secure than anything you can think of.<br>\r\n<br>\r\nhttp://www.roboform.com<br>\r\nhttp://www.keywarden.com<br>',2,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(33,'2005-12-04','sql injection',351,'','Sample Injection: ‘OR’1′=’1<br>\r\nQuery sent with this injection:<br> SELECT FROM users WHERE ‘‘OR’1′=’1′<br>\r\n<br>\r\nSample ODBC Error:<br>\r\n<br>\r\nMicrosoft OLE DB <br>Provider for ODBC Drivers error ‘80040e14′<br>\r\n<br>\r\n[Microsoft][ODBC SQL<br> Server Driver][SQL Server]Unclosed quotation mark before the character string ‘\\\'’.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n*****************/logon.asp,<br> line 4\r\n<br>\r\nhttp://us2.php.net/manual-lookup.php?pattern=escape_string<br>\r\n<br>\r\nth3j0k3r@gmail.com<br>',12,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(34,'2005-12-05','Piracy',2481,'','No Shownotes Provided.',18,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(35,'2005-12-06','Switches and Hubs',806,'','No Shownotes Provided.',19,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(36,'2005-12-07','Secure Deletion',729,'','No Shownotes Provided.',2,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(37,'2005-12-08','Various things',1212,'','Studio Buddy –<br>\r\nhttp://www.studiobuddy.com<br>\r\nhttp://www.studiobuddy.com/thankyouindex.html<br>\r\n<br>\r\nMusician’s Friend –<br>\r\nhttp://www.musiciansfriend.com<br>\r\n<br>\r\nSweetwater –<br>\r\nhttp://www.sweetwater.com<br>\r\n<br>\r\nAmerican Music Supply –<br>\r\nhttp://www.americanmusical.com <br>',46,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(38,'2006-03-04','Dr^ZigMan & Lowtek Mystik',624,'','Sharing some of their recent hardware experiences.<br> Dr^ZigMan does the video Hack TV at  Binrev Lowtek Mystik hosts Ninja Night School Radio at Podcast Incubator',27,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(39,'2005-12-12','Change MAC address',383,'','http://www.irongeek.com/i.php?page=security/changemac<br>\r\n<br>\r\nLinux Commands to change MAC address:<br>\r\n<br>\r\nifconfig eth0 down hw ether 00:00:00:00:00:01<br>\r\nifconfig eth0 up<br>\r\n<br>\r\nWindows Tools:<br>\r\n<br>\r\nMac Makeup<br>\r\n<br>\r\nSmac<br>\r\n<br>\r\nEtherchange<br>\r\n',9,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(40,'2005-12-13','Microsoft Virtual Desktop Manager',274,'','No Shownotes Provided.',1,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(41,'2005-12-14','Ultimate Linux box',508,'','No Shownotes Provided.',20,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(42,'2005-12-15','Seven Bits, No Waiting',229,'','No Shownotes Provided.',13,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(43,'2005-12-18','Sam File',712,'','Irongeek’s PE Builder Tutorial<br>\r\n<br>\r\nSala’s Password Renew Tool<br>\r\n<br>\r\nOffline NT Password & Registry Editor<br>\r\n<br>\r\nCain<br>\r\n<br>\r\nBKhive<br>\r\n<br>\r\nJohn the Ripper<br>\r\n<br>\r\nRainbowCrack<br>\r\n<br>\r\nOPHCRACK<br>\r\n<br>\r\nTurn off LM Hash storage<br>\r\n<br>\r\nIrongeek’s Videos and articles on SAM<br> cracking:<br>\r\nLocal Sam Crack<br>\r\nLocal Sam Crack part 2<br>\r\nLocalPasswordCracking\r\n<br>SamDump2 in Auditor\r\n\r\n<br>\r\nSmac<br>\r\n<br>\r\nEtherchange<br>\r\n',9,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(44,'2005-12-20','Serial Port',323,'','<a href=\\\"http://www.lcdgallery.net/\\\">LCD Gallery</A>\r\n<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.eio.com/lcd2014.gif\\\">Diagram</a>\r\n',8,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(45,'2005-12-20','Tour of Boston Telephone System',915,'','No Shownotes Provided.',14,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(46,'2005-12-21','Package Management Systems',614,'','No Shownotes Provided.',11,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(47,'2005-12-22',' ',1502,'','http://desktopmanager.berlios.de/\r\n\r\nhttp://quicksilver.blacktree.com/\r\n\r\nFluxbox fbkeys entery:\r\n\r\nMod1 space :execCommand fbrun\r\n\r\nWindowmaker entery:\r\n\r\n(Run…, SHORTCUT, “Mod1+space”, EXEC, “%a(Run,Type command to run:)”),\r\n\r\ncp parameters to copy partition to new location:\r\n\r\ncp -a same as -dpr\r\n\r\n    * no-deference=don’t follow links\r\n      preserve links\r\n    * reserve permissions\r\n    * recursive\r\n\r\n',7,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(79,'2006-03-08','Paypal Integration',849,'','http://www.infonomicon.org/ziggy1/twat79/buynowbutton.inc.php.txt',27,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(48,'2005-12-26','Video cameras',1306,'','\r\n<a href=\\\"http://deadbeef.packetsniffers.org/beginners_guide.html\\\">More video production info:</a>\r\n',3,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(49,'2005-12-27','RPG Programming',2046,'','No Shownotes Provided.',2,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(50,'2005-12-28','Remote Logins',715,'','FreeNX can be found at <a href=\\\"http://freenx.berlios.de\\\">\r\nFreeNX can be found at</a>',21,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(51,'2005-12-29','YAPL',1148,'','Lowtek too!!\r\n',2,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(52,'2006-01-05','Asterisk@Home',704,'','<a href=\\\"http://asteriskathome.sourceforge.net\\\">http://asteriskathome.sourceforge.net</a><br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://asterisk.org\\\">http://asterisk.org</a><br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.voxilla.com\\\">voxilla.com</a><br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.voip-info.org\\\">voip-info.org</a><br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.nuphone.net\\\">nuphone.net</a><br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.voipjet.com\\\">voipjet.com</a>',12,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(53,'2006-01-02','Emulation Station',545,'','Disclamer ( Be good and follow Rules! ) - http://www.electrostuff.net/romsmain.htm\r\n\r\nPictures And Two short movies of my rig. - http://www.electrostuff.net/phpbb2/viewtopic.php?p=34#34\r\n\r\nEmulators - http://www.emulator-zone.com/\r\n\r\nRoms - http://www.freeroms.com/ - http://www.rom-world.com ',22,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(54,'2006-01-03','Remote Control Hacking',932,'','No Shownotes Provided.',81,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(55,'2006-01-04','Listen',505,'','No Shownotes Provided.',24,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(56,'2006-01-05','QWERTY History',1339,'','No Shownotes Provided.',23,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(57,'2006-01-08','Hacker Salsa',519,'','No Shownotes Provided.',26,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(58,'2006-01-09','Softball Launcher',387,'','Dr^ZigMan discusses his thinking process during the initial development and\r\n“fabrication” of a softball launcher.\r\n\r\nMore information on <a href=\\\"http://www.gaffer.org/articles/Springs.html\\\"><br>\r\n\r\nspring constant k values </a>\r\n',27,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(59,'2006-01-10','VLAN\\\'s',1290,'','http://mcbx.dyndns.org/pub/TWATs/twat059_notes.txt',19,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(60,'2006-01-11',' DSDT.aml And Linux',756,'','	<p><a href=\\\"http://acpi.sourceforge.net/dsdt/index.php\\\">DSDT repository</a></p>\r\n	<p><a href=\\\"http://gentoo-wiki.com/HOWTO_Fix_Common_ACPI_Problems\\\">Great how-to that got me Started</a></p>\r\n	<p><a href=\\\"http://developer.intel.com/technology/iapc/acpi/downloads.htm\\\">Intel’s ASL Compiler</a></p>\r\n	<p>You will need to have bison and flex-old install to make iasl</p>\r\n	<p>To obtain your present dsdt file drop to term and type<br>\r\n	‘ cat /proc/acpi/dsdt &gt; dsdt.dat ‘</p>\r\n\r\n	<p>To decompile dsdt.dat and get a dsdt.dsl drop to term and type<br>\r\n	‘ ./iasl -d dsdt.dat ‘</p>\r\n	<p>To recompile dsdt.dsl and get a DSDT.aml drop to term and type<br>\r\n        ‘./iasl -tc dsdt.dsl’</p>',21,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(61,'2006-01-16','Windows browsing at work',484,'','http://www.htthost.com/\r\n\r\nhttp://www.ghostzilla.com/\r\n\r\nhttp://www.proxyplus.cz/\r\n\r\nTheYellow1- at- gmail.com',70,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(62,'2006-01-17','WRT hacking',293,'','Will Jason\r\n\r\n***Hacking the WRT54G***\r\n\r\n-WRT54G is a Linksys router and highly customizable with custom firmwares\r\n\r\n-WRT54G - 16 MB of RAM & 4 MB of Flash\r\nWRT54GS - 32 MB of RAM & 8 MB of Flash\r\n\r\n-WRT54GS version 5 is not hackable because of the reduced RAM and Flash size. Instead of running Linux, it runs VxWorks. Because of this, Linksys has released the WRT54GL to appeal to the modders of the community. WRT54GL is the same as the older version of the WRT54G.\r\n\r\n-Any other version of WRT54G or GS will work\r\n\r\n-If you have to pay for a good firmware, then you’re getting ripped off\r\n\r\n-DD-WRT is for those who wants more options in the router without the configuration of everything else. Simply upload via the web interface and you’re done.\r\n\r\n-OpenWRT has the ipkg package management system included and many packages are available to add. You could virtual host a site, run a small FTP server, or set up an Asterisk box. I’d love to list all of the things you could do, but that’d take a while.\r\n\r\n-For free firmwares:\r\nDD-WRT –> http://www.dd-wrt.com\r\nOpenWRT –> http://www.openwrt.org\r\n\r\n-There are plenty more choices for firmwares, but I only named two. I think that they’re the best, but strictly opinion.\r\n\r\n-email me at willjasen -at- charter.net. I know I said Gmail on the show, but I thought I was prepared to switch, but I’m not. ',71,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(63,'2006-01-17','TWAT',233,'','No Shownotes Provided.',1,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(64,'2006-01-19','Cygwin Exploits',404,'','No Shownotes Provided.',9,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(65,'2006-01-22','Xampp',274,'','http://www.apachefriends.org/de/\r\n\r\ntar xvfz xampp-linux-1.5.1.tar.gz -C /opt\r\n/opt/lampp/lampp start \r\n',1,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(66,'2006-01-23','Numbering Systems for noobs',0,'','============================\r\nDecimal (Base 10 system)\r\n\r\n143\r\n||1…….1*3 +\r\n|10……10*4 +\r\n100…..100*1\r\n—————\r\n= 143\r\n\r\n============================\r\nBinary (Base 2 system)\r\n\r\n10001111\r\n|||||||1..1*1 +\r\n||||||2…2*1 +\r\n|||||4….4*1 +\r\n||||8…..8*1 +\r\n|||16….16*0 +\r\n||32…..32*0 +\r\n|64……64*0 +\r\n128…..128*1\r\n—————\r\n= 143 (decimal)\r\n\r\n============================\r\nHexadecimal (Base 16 system)\r\nShorthand for binary…\r\n\r\n 10001111 (segment into groups of 4’s)\r\n     ^\r\n     |\r\n1000 | 1111\r\n  8      F\r\n————\r\n= 8F or 0×8F\r\n\r\n',46,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(68,'2006-01-25','Caffeine!',563,'','No Shownotes Provided.',8,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(70,'2006-01-26','Editing in linux',1448,'','Applications\r\n\r\nTranscode\r\n\r\nMplayer/Mencoder\r\n\\\\\r\n\r\nKino & Linux Digital Video\r\n\r\nLiVES\r\n\r\ntovid\r\n\r\nVideo Lan Client\r\n\r\nQdvdauthor',11,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(71,'2006-01-29','OAT\\\'s',329,'','No Shownotes Provided.',4,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(72,'2006-01-30','More goodness on video production in Lin',1468,'','PAT too!!!!',7,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(73,'2006-02-02','TWAT',139,'','no reason to listen to this one folks, we are talking the month of febuary off, to work on the show. We didnt plan for twat to be become so polular, and we need to get a few things done. First off we need more hosts and backup episodes, but we all know that, why are we all not helping? second of all, we need to get away from wordpress and build our own system. wordpress is nice as it is easy to edit, but its not real searchable, we cant have a chart of how many shows people have done, things are not formatted the same, so we are building our own cms. so take the month off, do something productive, and get some twat eps recorded.\r\n\r\nif you want to help with the website, we need a graphics guy, please email droops@gmail if you are any good at such things.\r\n\r\n',1,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(74,'2006-02-28','WRT Hacking',2199,'','yes!!!',81,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(75,'2006-03-01','DVD Copying',609,'','<a href=\\\"http://www.dvdshrink.org\\\">DVD Shrink</a><br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://tinyurl.com/k4ms6\\\">DVD Decrypter</a><br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://tinyurl.com/n7oj7%20\\\">PgcEdit</a><br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://tinyurl.com/bgrv8\\\">How To Copy ArccOS & Plugin</a><br><br>\r\nCan you copy?<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://tinyurl.com/s44gs\\\"><br>\r\nCnet Info</a><br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://tinyurl.com/qfe3m\\\">PCWorld</a>',22,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(76,'2006-03-05','Setting up an Icecast server',1490,'','<a href=\\\"http://www.icecast.org\\\">icecast homepage</a><br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.xiph.org\\\">Xiph Foundation</a><br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://muse.dyne.org\\\">MuSE - Multistreaming Engine</a><br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://dynebolic.org\\\">Dynebolic - Live Multimedia Linux Distro</a><br><br>\r\nThat xargs command:<br>\r\nls *.[mp3,ogg]* | xargs -i echo http://myhost.org:8000/{}” > playlist.m3u',7,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(77,'2006-03-06','Cron Jobs',525,'','quick and drity cron jobs.',1,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(78,'2006-03-07','Jason Scott ',267,'','Jason Scott follows Droops to a new awakening.',13,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(80,'2006-03-09','Honeypots',434,'','http://www.honeynet.org/papers/uml/\r\n\r\nhttp://www.securityfocus.com/infocus/1803\r\n\r\nhttp://www.securityfocus.com/infocus/1805\r\n',10,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(81,'2006-03-12','AUDACITY GO!!',2680,'','Introduction of Audacity, and the basics of making a audiofile in Audacity. (44:40)\r\n<br>\r\nDownload OGG or MP3<br>\r\nhttp://www.twatech.org/eps/twat081.ogg<br>\r\nhttp://www.twatech.org/eps/twat081.mp3<br>\r\n\r\nAudacity Homepage & Audacity Forums (f.a.q. and other help)<br>\r\nhttp://audacity.sourceforge.net/<br>\r\nhttp://audacityteam.org/forum/<br>\r\n\r\ndB Power Amp for conversion of audio files. <br>\r\nhttp://www.dbpoweramp.com/<br>',23,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(83,'2006-03-15','Wireless Client Mode',834,'','No Shownotes Provided.',71,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(82,'2006-03-14','Windows Command Line',834,'','<a href=\\\"http://tinyurl.com/kmy\\\">Windows 2000 Command Line Reference</a> http://tinyurl.com/kmy<br />\r\n<a href=\\\"http://tinyurl.com/36leu\\\">Windows XP Command Line Reference</a> http://tinyurl.com/36leu<br />\r\n<a href=\\\"http://tinyurl.com/qaer3\\\">Windows 2003 Command Line Reference</a> http://tinyurl.com/qaer3<br />\r\n\r\n<a href=\\\"http://tinyurl.com/nuvhj\\\">REGFIND</a><br />\r\n<a href=\\\"http://tinyurl.com/isxm\\\">Description of the Microsoft Windows registry</a>',28,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(84,'2006-03-19','HTTrack',479,'','\r\n\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.httrack.com \\\">\r\nHTTrack</a>',21,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(85,'2006-03-21','Cybiko',961,'','<a href=\\\"http://www.dbzoo.com/wiki/cybiko/cybiko/\\\">DBZoo\\\'s Cybiko Wiki </a>\r\n<br><br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://thinkable.us/DevCybiko/\\\">DevCybiko:</a> The last best resource for Cybiko users. Active forums and a very good softare archive.\r\n',3,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(86,'2006-03-23','RFID',1880,'','Co-Host: Lowtek Mystik<br>\r\n<br>\r\nToday\'s show is all about RFID and an introduction into the technology and possibilites.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.rfidtoys.net/\">Software</a><br>\r\n<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://tinyurl.com/exm59\">Get the book</a><br>\r\n<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://tinyurl.com/g2c24\">125Khz Reader</a><br>\r\n',2,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(87,'2006-03-27','Pat - Me and Linux',688,'','No notes provided.',11,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(88,'2006-03-28','Building More Secure Web Applications',594,'','<a href=\\\"http://muffin.doit.org\\\">muffin</a><br />\r\n<a href=\\\"http://addneditcookies.mozdev.org\\\">add n edit cookies</a><br />\r\n<a href=\\\"http://refspoof.mozdev.org\\\">refspoof</a><br />\r\n<a href=\\\"http://chrispederick.com/work/webdeveloper\\\">web developer toolbar</a><br />\r\n<a href=\\\"http://chrispederick.com/work/useragentswitcher\\\">user-agent switcher</a><br /><br />\r\n<u>Comment System Looking for onmouseover</U><br />\r\n\r\nif ((isset($_POST)) && $_POST[\\\'name\\\'] != NULL && $_POST[\\\'comment\\\'] != NULL && $_POST[\\\'comment\\\'] != \\\"Enter your comment here!\\\" && !strstr($emaillower,\\\'onmouseover=\\\')) {\r\n',12,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(89,'2006-03-29','Fun at Security Cons',537,'','No Shownotes',9,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(90,'2006-03-30','Free-win32',611,'','Zerocost programs for Windows\r\n<br />\r\nWebsite: http://www.iunplug.nl/Windows',30,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(91,'2006-04-02','Computer Troubleshooting tips',704,'','Contact me at xcalibur1337 -at- gmail.com',31,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(92,'2006-04-03','DVD Region Unlocking',367,'','<a href=\\\"http://www.rpc1.org\\\">http://www.rpc1.org</a> Region free firmware database<br />\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.doom9.org/Soft21/Regionfree/driveinfo22.zip\\\">drive info</a>',12,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(93,'2006-04-04','Terminal Servers and Thin Clients',555,'','<a href=\"http://www.ltsp.org\\\">Linux Terminal Server Project</a><br />\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://tinyurl.com/59ml\">Windows Server 2003 Terminal Services</a><br />\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://tinyurl.com/r486v\">\r\nWindows 2000 Terminal Services</a><br />\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://tinyurl.com/84kx5\">Gamecube Linux</a><br />\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://pxes.sourceforge.net\">PXES Linux</a>',32,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(94,'2006-04-05','Danger Sidekick Mod!',523,'','Adding a little color to the drab grey exterior, a quick walk through of how I painted my sidekick.  Now my sidekick is l33t because It has a custom paintjob, and for less then you would spend on a USB key you can have an uber 1337 sidekick too!',27,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(95,'2006-04-10','Windows from commandline',947,'','<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://tinyurl.com/ac9d\\\">MSDN entry describing Services</a><br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://tinyurl.com/s78tk\\\">SC.ZIP</a><br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://tinyurl.com/p6kct\\\">SC For Window 2003 Manual</a><br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://tinyurl.com/hx8nc\\\">SRVANY.ZIP</a><br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://tinyurl.com/kh9lp\\\">SP4 Support Tools</a><br>',28,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(96,'2006-04-11','Linux Distros',1379,'','Article for Topic Idea	<br>http://www.linuxforums.org/reviews/overview_of_the_ten_major_linux_distributions.html<br>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>\r\nDebian and Derivs.<br>\r\n<br>\r\nDebian	http://www.debian.org/<br>\r\nDamn Small Linux  http://www.damnsmalllinux.org/<br>\r\nKnoppix http://www.knoppix.com/<br>\r\nKanotix http://kanotix.com/index.php?&newlang=eng<br>\r\nMepis   http://www.mepis.com/<br>\r\nUbuntu  http://www.ubuntu.com/<br>\r\nXandros http://www.xandros.com/<br>\r\n<br>\r\nRpm Based<br>\r\n<br>\r\nFedora   http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/<br>\r\nMandriva http://wwwnew.mandriva.com/<br>\r\nOpenSuSE http://en.opensuse.org/Welcome_to_openSUSE.org<br>\r\n<br>\r\nSource and Other<br>\r\n<br>\r\nSlackware http://www.slackware.com/<br>\r\nBackTrack http://www.remote-exploit.org/index.php/Main_Page<br>\r\nGentoo    http://www.gentoo.org/<br>\r\nArchLinux http://www.archlinux.org/<br>\r\n<br>\r\nCheck Here for any Distro!  http://distrowatch.com/<br>\r\n',21,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(97,'2006-04-13',' Physical Security Case Mods part 1',451,'','no notes',26,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(98,'2006-04-17','Audacity Tips',1124,'','\r\n\r\nTWAT 98 explains how to fix varried audio decibel levels and/or boost an audio t\r\nrack\\\'s decibel levels using tools in Audacity.',7,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(99,'2006-04-19','Water Cooling Rig',454,'','<a href=\"http://www.electrostuff.net/phpbb2/viewtopic.php?t=291\">Water  Rig!</a>',22,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(100,'2006-04-23','The 100th Episode Spectacular',671,'','this episode is on default',33,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(101,'2006-04-24','Shoutcast',498,'','No shownotes Submitted.',34,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(102,'2006-04-25','Carriage Return',939,'','No notes',81,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(103,'2006-04-26','Notafighter',649,'','<a href=\\\"http://www.packetsniffers.org/projects/notafighter\\\">Notafighter</a>',3,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(104,'2006-04-27','Myth TV',700,'','MythTV Related websites and mailing lists:<br>\r\n<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.mythtv.org/\\\">http://www.mythtv.org/</a>\r\n<br><a href=\\\"http://www.mythtv.org/mailman/listinfo/mythtv-users/\\\">http://www.mythtv.org/mailman/listinfo/mythtv-users/</a>\r\n<br><a href=\\\"http://www.hauppauge.com/\\\">http://www.hauppauge.com/</a>\r\n<br><a href=\\\"http://www.pchdtv.com/hd_3000.html\\\">http://www.pchdtv.com/hd_3000.html</a>\r\n<br><a href=\\\"http://mysettopbox.tv/knoppmyth.html\\\"><http://mysettopbox.tv/knoppmyth.html/a>\r\n<br><a href=\\\"http://wilsonet.com/mythtv/fcmyth.php\\\">http://wilsonet.com/mythtv/fcmyth.php</a>\r\n<br><a href=\\\"http://ivtv.sourceforge.net/\\\">http://ivtv.sourceforge.net/</a>\r\n',11,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(105,'2006-04-30','Footprinting',715,'','No notes',35,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(106,'2006-05-01','Alternative Data Streams',557,'','<a href=\"http://www.irongeek.com/i.php?page=security/altds\\\">Alternative Data Streams</a>',9,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(107,'2006-05-02','Portable Tools',874,'','<a href=\\\"http://unxutils.sourceforge.net\\\">\\\"GNU utilities for Win32\\\"</a><br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://cygwin.com\\\">Cygwin</a><br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.dependencywalker.com\\\">Dependancy Walker</a><br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.sysinternals.com\\\">Sysinternals is only ctrl+enter away</a><br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.winpcap.org\\\">Windump</a><br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.microolap.com/products/network/tcpdump/\\\">TCPDump</a><br>\r\n',28,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(108,'2006-05-03','NSLU 2',761,'','<a href=\\\"http://tinyurl.com/9bpgq\\\">http://tinyurl.com/9bpgq</a><br>\r\n<br><a href=\\\"http://nslu2-linux.org\\\"> NSLU2</a>\r\n',71,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(109,'2006-05-04','The Gizmo Project!',970,'','<a href=\\\"http://www.gizmoproject.com\\\"> The Gizmo Project</a>',23,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(110,'2006-05-07','Sound Treatment Solutions',1157,'','No notes provided',46,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(111,'2006-05-08','Physical Security Case Mods part 2',562,'','No Notes',26,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(112,'2006-05-14','Reverse Engineering Part 1',1051,'','Chapter #1 of Security Warrior.<br>\r\n<br>\r\nKn1ghtl0rd reads the first chapter of Security Warrior about assembly language for reverse engineering.  This is a good topic that I am learning about and this book has some good information so I am giving you a preview of the kinds of stuff in this book.  I am giving full credit to the authors for the content and I hope this inspires you to go out and get the book and learn more about RCE.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n<a href=\"http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596005458/sr=8-1/qid=1147725119/ref=pd_bbs_1/104-9598123-4775116?%5Fencoding=UTF8\">Security Warrior on Amazon</a><br>\r\n<br>\r\n',2,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(113,'2006-05-17','Newsgroups',365,'','Quickie about newsgroups, recorded from work. ',36,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(114,'2006-05-18','New Project',457,'','Me rambling on about a new project being launched. I know its not the most interesting twat but hey check it out, it may spark an interest in the new project.',12,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(115,'2006-05-21','Homo-nomicon',40,'','\\\"I\\\'m.... a sexy motherfucker.\\\"',4,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(116,'2006-05-22','Irc Scripting',338,'','<a href=\\\"http://www.electrostuff.net\\\">Electro Stuff!</a><br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://techcooks.com/\\\">Tech Cooks!</a>',22,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(117,'2006-05-23','ToVid ',617,'','Linux Video Authoring!!!',11,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(118,'2006-05-25','Compiling software under Linux ',1824,'',' An overview of the ./configure, make, make inst\r\nall process; some tips and what not.',7,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(119,'2006-05-29','External Memory',505,'','Memorial Day!!!! Yay! <br>\r\n<br>\r\n\\\'DPG\\\' is Dollars per Gigs, or Price/Gigs.<br>\r\nThe lower the DPG, the better the deal!<br>\r\nExample: $125/100GB = 1.25 DPG<br>\r\n<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.TigerDirect.com\\\"> Tiger Direct</a><br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.Geeks.com\\\">Geeks!</a><br>\r\n<br>\r\nTWAT theme in doublespeed! w00t w00t!<br>\r\n<br>\r\nxcalibur1337 [at] gmail [dot] com<br>\r\n',31,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(120,'2006-05-31','Firefox Secrets',340,'',' A couple of quick tips of features built into mozilla firefox<br>\r\n\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.podcastincubator.com/dra\\\"> Lord Drachenblut</a>',24,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(121,'2006-07-02','Real Server',440,'','how to start the server <br>\r\n\\\"C:\\\\Program Files\\\\Real\\\\Helix Server\\\\Bin\\\\rmserver.exe\\\"<br> \\\"C:\\\\Program Files\\\\Real\\\\Helix Server\\\\rmserver.cfg\\\"<br>\r\n<br>\r\nyou can also save everything you setup on producer in a rpjf file<br>\r\n<br>\r\nexample rmserver.cfg<br>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<Var RTSPPort=\\\"25\\\"/><br>\r\n<Var PNAPort=\\\"70\\\"/><br>\r\n<Var HTTPPort=\\\"8080\\\"/><br>\r\n<Var MMSPort=\\\"1755\\\"/><br>\r\n<Var MonitorPort=\\\"9090\\\"/><br>\r\n<Var AdminPort=\\\"14185\\\"/><br>\r\n\r\n\r\n<br>\r\nscreen shot of main configure options for producer<br>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://rmccurdy.com/stuff/TWAT/twat_real_server.jpg\">\r\nScreenshot\r\n<br>',36,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(122,'2006-07-04','Getting started with PHP on windows',975,'','Think you might be interested in learning PHP? Here is a\r\nquick show to help you get started. In this show I go over most\r\neverything you need to do or aquire in order to start programming PHP.\r\n\r\n',37,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(123,'2006-07-05','Python',1180,'','Learning with python though examples<br><br>\r\n\r\nMicrosoft Windows XP [Version 5.1.2600]<br>\r\n(C) Copyright 1985-2001 Microsoft Corp.<br>\r\nC:\\\\>python<br>\r\nPython 2.4.3 (#69, Mar 29 2006, 17:35:34) [MSC v.1310 32 bit (Intel)] on win32<br>\r\nType \\\"help\\\", \\\"copyright\\\", \\\"credits\\\" or \\\"license\\\" for more information.<br>\r\n>>> print \\\"HELLO\\\" # Number signs will comment<br>\r\nHELLO<br>\r\n\r\n<br>\r\n>>> name = \\\"Cotton\\\" <br>\r\n# the variable \\\"name\\\" has been defined to the string \\\"Cotton\\\"<br>\r\n>>> def hello():<br>\r\n...     print \\\"Hello there, %s\\\"%name<br>\r\n...	<br>\r\n# hello() is now a function<br>\r\n>>> hello()<br>\r\nHello there, Cotton<br>\r\n\r\n<br>\r\n# alittle more complicated<br>\r\n<br>\r\n>>> def hello2(user): # we now made \\\"user\\\" and argument. <br>\r\n...     print \\\"Hello there, %s\\\"% user<br>\r\n...<br>\r\n>>> hello2() <br>\r\n# U cannot call hello2(user) without an argument. <br>\r\nTraceback (most recent call last):<br>\r\n  File \\\"<stdin>\\\", line 1, in ?<br>\r\n\r\nTypeError: hello2() takes exactly 1 argument (0 given)<br>\r\n<br>\r\n>>> hello2(\\\"infonomicon\\\")<br>\r\nHello there, infonomicon<br>\r\n<br>\r\n>>> nicks = [\\\"John\\\",\\\"Billy\\\", \\\"Python\\\", \\\"Cotton\\\", \\\"twat\\\"] #nicks has been defined as a list<br>\r\n>>> nicks<br>\r\n[\\\'John\\\', \\\'Billy\\\', \\\'Python\\\', \\\'Cotton\\\', \\\'twat\\\']<br>\r\n>>> for i in nicks:<br>\r\n...     hello2(i)<br>\r\n\r\n...<br>\r\nHello there, John<br>\r\nHello there, Billy<br>\r\nHello there, Python<br>\r\nHello there, Cotton<br>\r\nHello there, twat<br>\r\n<br>\r\n# For more help, visit http://www.ibiblio.org/obp/thinkCSpy/ That site has helped me tremendously! <br>\r\n# Email me cbmailone[at]gmail[dot]com<br>\r\nGreat Python Tutorials:<br><br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.ibiblio.org/obp/thinkCSpy/\\\">http://www.ibiblio.org/obp/thinkCSpy/</a><br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.ibiblio.org/g2swap/byteofpython/read/index.html\\\">http://www.ibiblio.org/g2swap/byteofpython/read/index.html</a><br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://diveintopython.org/toc/index.html\\\">http://diveintopython.org/toc/index.html</a><br',35,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(124,'2006-07-10','Bluecasing',470,'','<a href=\\\"http://www.irongeek.com/i.php?page=security/bluecasing1\\\">Bluecasing: War Nibbling, Bluetooth and Petty Theft</a>\r\n',9,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(125,'2006-07-16','Authentication With Apache',421,'','No notes submitted.',8,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(126,'2006-07-18','Caring for thumbdrives',1300,'','Everyone loves thumbdrives or otherwise USB data storage\r\ndevices. The moral of this story is be responsible & employ\r\nencryption.\r\n\r\nTrue Crypt can be used to encrypt practically anything, anywhere.\r\nSteve Gibson from Security Now covers True Crypt in podcast Episode\r\n#41.\r\n\r\nLexar sells a thumb drive that comes ready with encryption. Lexar\\\'s\r\nJump Drive Secure.',37,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(127,'2006-07-23','Getting Started With Snort',189,'','Snort is included with SuSE but not Red Hat. If you need it (or you want to upgrade), download the source distribution from  http://www.snort.org and unpack it:\r\n<br /><br />\r\n$ tar xvpzf snort-*.tar.gz\r\n<br /><br />\r\nThen compile it:\r\n<br /><br />\r\n$ cd `ls -d snort-* | head -1`<br />\r\n$ ./configure<br />\r\n$ make\r\n<br /><br />\r\nand install the binary and manpage as root:\r\n<br /><br />\r\n# make install\r\n<br /><br />\r\nNext, create a logging directory. It should not be publicly readable, since it will contain potentially sensitive data:\r\n<br /><br />\r\n# mkdir -p -m go-rwx /var/log/snort\r\n<br /><br />\r\nFinally, install the configuration files and rules database:\r\n<br /><br />\r\n# mkdir -p /usr/local/share/rules<br />\r\n# cp etc/* rules/*.rules  /usr/local/share/rules<br />',38,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(128,'2006-08-01','Retreating From Tech In Style',574,'','No notes submitted.',11,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(129,'2006-08-03','Building Packages for Arch Linux',1532,'','<h3>Building Packages for Arch Linux</h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>For more information on building Arch Packages, consult the <a href=\\\"http://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/ABS_-_The_Arch_Build_System\\\">Arch Build System How-to</a> on the Arch Wiki. </p>\r\n\r\n<p>The following is a sample PKGBUILD file for building MuSE.  Note, the source file was on my system, so I did not specify a url for the source and have the package build system pull the source down from the server.</p>\r\n\r\npkgname=MuSE<br />\r\npkgver=0.9.2<br />\r\n\r\npkgrel=1<br />\r\npkgdesc=\\\"MuSE is an application for the mixing, encoding, and network streaming of sound: it can mix up to 6 encoded audio bitstreams (from files or network, mp3 or ogg) plus a souncard input signal, the resulting stream can be played locally on the sound card and/or encoded at different bitrates, recorded to harddisk and/or streamed to the net. When sent to a server, the resulting audio can be listened thru the net by a vast number of players available on different operating systems.\\\"<br />\r\nurl=\\\"http://muse.dyne.org/\\\"<br />\r\nlicense=\\\"gnu/gpl\\\"<br />\r\ndepends=(\\\'lame\\\' \\\'libogg\\\' \\\'libvorbis\\\' \\\'ncurses\\\' \\\'gtk\\\' \\\'libsndfile\\\')<br />\r\nmakedepends=()<br />\r\nconflicts=()<br />\r\nreplaces=()<br />\r\nbackup=()<br />\r\n\r\ninstall=<br />\r\nsource=($pkgname-$pkgver.tar.gz)<br />\r\nmd5sums=()<br />\r\n<br />\r\nbuild() {<br />\r\n  cd $startdir/src/$pkgname-$pkgver<br />\r\n  ./configure --prefix=/usr<br />\r\n  make || return 1<br />\r\n\r\n  make DESTDIR=$startdir/pkg install<br />\r\n}<br />\r\n',7,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(130,'2006-08-06','UltraVNC',680,'','<a target=blank href=\\\"http://ultravnc.sf.net\\\">http://ultravnc.sf.net</a><br>\r\n<a target=blank href=\\\"http://www.no-ip.com\\\">http://www.no-ip.com</a><br>\r\n<a target=blank href=\\\"http://www.dyndns.com\\\">http://www.dyndns.com</a><br>\r\n<a target=blank href=\\\"http://www.rmccurdy.com/stuff/TWAT/twat_SC_VNC.txt\\\">http://www.rmccurdy.com/stuff/twat_SC_VNC.txt</a> Example code bat file.<br>\r\n\r\n<a target=blank href=\\\"http://daymarerecords.com/music/AwwTistic/\\\">http://daymarerecords.com/music/AwwTistic</a> Music I produced that is in the show<br>',36,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(131,'2006-08-07','Firefox Tips',415,'','<p>Go to about:config and right click and go to new --> boolean and set the preference name to config.trim_on_minimize and set the boolean value to true.\r\n</p>\r\n<p>Now go to task manager -->process tab-->and look for firefox.exe and watch the memory usage drop when you minimize. I will have the show notes on my site, <a href=\"http://www.i-trash.org\\\">www.i-trash.org</a> if you missed anything. </p>\r\n\r\n',40,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(132,'2006-08-08','Office 2003 Voice recognition review',566,'','<br>Office 2003 bug fixes\r\n<br><a href=\\\"http://www.tau.ac.il/~itamarez/sr/mssr-2003.htm\\\">http://www.tau.ac.il/~itamarez/sr/mssr-2003.htm </a>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>voice recognition in Chinese \r\n<br><a href=\\\"http://office.microsoft.com/en-gb/assistance/HA010347511033.aspx\\\">http://office.microsoft.com/en-gb/assistance/HA010347511033.aspx </a>',39,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(133,'2006-08-09','XPlite and 2000lite',449,'','Lite PC\r\n<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.litepc.com/xplite.html\\\">http://www.litepc.com/xplite.html</a>',41,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(134,'2006-08-10','Apple Widgets',521,'','Very simple dissection of an apple widget.\r\n<p>\r\nDownload droops\\\' example at\r\n<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://infonomicon.org/widgets\\\">infonomicon.org/widgets</a>\r\n',1,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(135,'2006-08-13','How to Find a Job Online',504,'','No Show notes',36,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(136,'2006-08-14','Denial of Service',545,'','Wikipedia entry on Denial of Service <br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denial-of-service_attack\\\">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denial-of-service_attack </a>\r\n<br><br>\r\nTcp Syn Floods <br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.iss.net/security_center/advice/Exploits/TCP/SYN_flood/default.htm\\\">http://www.iss.net/security_center/advice/Exploits/TCP/SYN_flood/default.htm </a>\r\n<br><br>\r\nLand Attack wikipedia <br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAND\\\"> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAND </a>',9,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(137,'2006-08-15','Securing the Asterisk Manager',615,'','No shownotes yet, i\\\'ll have a screenshot guide ready by the weekend and edit the shownotes when it\\\'s up. It should be straightforward enough anyways though.',12,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(138,'2006-08-17','Soft Moding an Xbox',592,'','No show notes',24,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(139,'2006-08-22','Honeypots',412,'','Honeypots (part 1 of 2)\r\n<BR>\r\n<br>\r\nIn computer terminology, a honeypot is a trap set to detect, deflect or in some manner counteract attempts at unauthorized use of information systems. Generally it consists of a computer, data or a network site that appears to be part of a network but which is actually isolated and protected, and which seems to contain information or a resource that would be of value to attackers. A honeypot that masquerades as an open proxy is known as a sugarcane.<br>\r\n<br>\r\n<a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honeypot\">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honeypot</a>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n',38,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(140,'2006-08-23','Running 32 bit apps in 64 bit Linux',544,'','<a href=\\\"http://www.getautomatix.com/\\\">http://www.getautomatix.com </a>\r\n<br>\r\n<a href=\"http://process-of-elimination.net/wiki/Ubuntu_32bit_CHROOT_for_AMD64 http://www.debian-administration.org/articles/356\">http://process-of-elimination.net/wiki/Ubuntu_32bit_CHROOT_for_AMD64 http://www.debian-administration.org/articles/356\r\n</a>\r\n<br>\r\n<a href=\"http://www.ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=191205\">http://www.ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=191205</a>\r\n<br>\r\n<a href=\"http://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic-t-221361.html\">http://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic-t-221361.html</a>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n',11,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(141,'2006-08-24','RSI - Repetitive Stress Injury',719,'','<a href=\\\"http://www.rsihelp.com\\\">RSI Help</a>\r\n<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.workrave.org\\\">Workrave - Linux & Windows</a>\r\n<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://ozy.student.utwente.nl/projects/antirsi/\\\">AntiRSI - OS X App</a>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',7,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(142,'2006-08-27','Writely',512,'','<a href=\\\"http://www.writely.com/\\\">http://www.writely.com/</a>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',12,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(143,'2006-08-28','CBBot',768,'','No Show notes',35,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(144,'2006-08-29','Nessus',355,'','<a href=\"http://www.twatech.org/shownotes/TWAT144Nessus_RC.txt\"> Example Nessus output </a>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>\r\n<a href=\"http://www.twatech.org/shownotes/TWAT144NESSUS_CGI.txt\">CGI Examples </a>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nessus_(software)\\\"> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nessus_(software)</a>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.nessus.org/\\\"> http://www.nessus.org/ </a>',36,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(145,'2006-09-04','Audio engineering',331,'','No Show Notes',42,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(146,'2006-09-05','Micropower TV',937,'','<a href=\\\"http://freeradio.org/\\\">http://freeradio.org/</a>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://fcc.gov/\\\">http://fcc.gov/</a>',43,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(147,'2006-09-06','VMware Player',799,'','<br>\r\n<a href=\"http://www.vmware.com/products/player/\\\">http://www.vmware.com/products/player/</a>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',44,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(148,'2006-09-07','In the Payphone Lounge',238,'','featuring Jason Scott and Strom Carlson. Music:\r\n\\\"Cut\\\" by Nika Japaridze \r\n<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.archive.org/details/rest026\\\">http://www.archive.org/details/rest026</a>',13,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(149,'2006-09-10','Wireless Security',724,'','No Show Notes',35,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(150,'2006-09-12','Vpn\\\'s',693,'','<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://twatech.org/shownotes/150notes.txt\\\">Show Notes </a>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',19,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(151,'2006-09-13','Skiddie Baiting',477,'','<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://irongeek.com/i.php?page=security/skiddy-baiting\\\">http://irongeek.com/i.php?page=security/skiddy-baiting </a>',9,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(152,'2006-09-14','Dynamic DNS',834,'','<a href=\"http://www.twatech.org/shownotes/notes152txt\\\">Show Notes',40,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(153,'2006-09-18','How to make your own xbox usb adpapter',268,'','No Show Notes',24,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(154,'2006-09-20','Sourcemage',316,'','<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.sourcemage.org/\\\"> http://www.sourcemage.org/ </a>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',41,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(155,'2006-09-21','Cross Site Scripting',357,'','<br><a href=\\\"http://occ0de.wordpress.com/2006/09/19/hello-world/\\\">Link to full shownotes</a><br/>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.cgisecurity.com/articles/xss-faq.shtml\\\">Cgisecurity.com: Cross Site Scripting questions and answers</a><br/>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross_site_scripting\\\">Cross-site scripting - Wikipedia entry</a><br/>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://seclists.org/\\\">SecLists.org Security Mailing List Archives</a><br/>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://twatech.org/index.php?page=118\\\">TWAT ep. 33 - SQL Injection, by Livinded</a><br/>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://ha.ckers.org/xss.html\\\">XSS (Cross Site Scripting) Cheat Sheet</a><br/>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.grc.com/securitynow.htm\\\">Security Now Episodes</a><br/>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.noscript.net/\\\">NoScript Plugin for Firefox</a>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',45,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(156,'2006-09-24','Safari Bookshelf',616,'','<br>\r\n<a href=\"http://safari.oreilly.com\"> http://safari.oreilly.com/ </a>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',7,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(157,'2006-09-25','SnortSam',963,'','<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.rmccurdy.com/stuff/TWAT/snort/\\\"> http://www.rmccurdy.com/stuff/TWAT/snort/ </a>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',36,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(158,'2006-09-26','NirCmd',365,'','<p>\r\nNirCmd info page:<br />\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.nirsoft.net/utils/nircmd.html\\\">http://www.nirsoft.net/utils/nircmd.html</a>\r\n</p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\nNirCmd download link (zip format):<br />\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.nirsoft.net/utils/nircmd.zip\\\">http://www.nirsoft.net/utils/nircmd.zip</a>\r\n</p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\nNirCmd help/command reference online:<br />\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.nirsoft.net/utils/nircmd2.html#using\\\">http://www.nirsoft.net/utils/nircmd2.html#using</a>\r\n</p>',46,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(159,'2006-09-27','Cygwin and Bash scripting',1472,'','No Show Notes',81,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(160,'2006-09-28','RockBox Open Source Jukebox firmware',483,'','<Pre>ROCKBOX - OPEN SOURCE JUKEBOX FIRMWARE\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.rockbox.org/\\\">http://www.rockbox.org/ </a>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nPresently works on\r\n    * Archos: Jukebox 5000, 6000, Studio, Recorder, FM Recorder, Recorder V2 and Ondio\r\n    * iriver: H100 and H300 series\r\n    * iriver: H10 series\r\n    * Apple: iPod 4th gen (grayscale and color), 5th gen (Video), Nano and Mini 1st/2nd gen\r\n    * iAudio: X5 (including X5V and X5L)\r\n    * Additional models are in development \r\n\r\nReach me  at ksmurf [at] gmail [dot] com if you have any questions or comments </Pre>',21,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(161,'2006-10-01','Fedora Frog',690,'','<br>\r\nFedora Frog<br>  \r\n<a href=\\\"http://easylinux.info/wiki/Fedora_frog\\\"> http://easylinux.info/wiki/Fedora_frog </a><br>\r\n<br>\r\nother handy guides to setting up Fedora Core 5<br>  \r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.gagme.com/greg/linux/fc5-tips.php\\\">  http://www.gagme.com/greg/linux/fc5-tips.php </a>  <br>\r\n<br> ',23,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(162,'2006-10-02','Basic Intro to Gimp',807,'','<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.gimp.org/\\\">http://www.gimp.org/</a>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://gimp-savvy.com/BOOK/index.html\\\"> http://gimp-savvy.com/BOOK/index.html </a>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',47,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(163,'2006-10-03','Vpn part 2',456,'','<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.twatech.org/shownotes/notes.pdf\\\"> Show Notes </a>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',19,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(164,'2006-10-04','Beginners guide to network Recon with Nm',401,'','<a href=\\\"http://insecure.org/stc/\\\">Fyodor\\\'s chapter on \\\"How to Own a Continent\\\"</a><br/>\r\n<code><pre>man nmap - Nmap man page<br/></pre></code>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.kismetwireless.net/\\\">Kismet</a><br/>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://kismac.de/\\\">Kismac</a><br/>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subnetwork\\\">Wikipedia, Subnetworking</a>',45,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(165,'2006-10-05','Wake On Lan',339,'','<a href=\\\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wake-on-LAN\\\">Wikipedia Article</a>',12,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(166,'2006-10-08','Eggdrop',222,'','<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.eggheads.org/\\\">http://www.eggheads.org/</a> <br> <br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eggdrop\\\"> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eggdrop </a>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',38,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(167,'2006-10-09','Wireless Attacks for Dummies',641,'','No Show Notes',46,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(168,'2006-10-12','Newsgroup Reader',362,'','No Show Notes',36,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(169,'2006-10-15','GPS and Phreaknic',567,'','<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://irongeek.com/i.php?page=security/ut-41-gps-backtrack-linux-kismet\\\"> Irongeek\\\'s GPS article </a>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',9,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(170,'2006-10-17','Basics of Supercomputers',333,'','No Show Notes',48,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(171,'2006-10-18','Custom Firefox search bar extension',478,'','<br>\r\nInspired by <a href=\\\"http://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Firefox_Tips_and_Tweaks\\\">http://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Firefox_Tips_and_Tweaks</a><br>\r\n\r\n<br>\r\n<br>\r\nClosing Music  Anxiety of Influence - Insomniac<br> <a href=\\\"http://www.anxietyofinfluence.ca\\\">http://www.anxietyofinfluence.ca/ </a>\r\n',21,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(172,'2006-10-23','Torrent Flux',441,'','Get Torrent Flux at</br> \r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.torrentflux.com\">torrentflux.com </a> <br>\r\n<br>\r\nget torrent flux b4rt<br>\r\n<a href=\"http://tf-b4rt.berlios.de/features.html\">http://tf-b4rt.berlios.de/features.html </a> <br>\r\n<br>\r\nand a nice howto at<br>\r\n<a href=\"http://www.howtoforge.com/ubuntu_lamp_torrentflux_vmware_p2\">http://www.howtoforge.com/ubuntu_lamp_torrentflux_vmware_p2 </a><br>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\nI start you on page 2 because this guide is how to make a vmware appliance of torrentflux. <br>\r\nIf you want a vmware appliance just go back to page one and start there. <br>\r\n<br>\r\nIf you want to implent torrentflux-b4rt instead of torrentflux the steps should be the same but\r\na do warn to try at your own risk on either of these.\r\n',24,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(173,'2006-10-24','Bash History and Tab completion',891,'','<h4>Bash History and Tab Completion</h4>\r\n\r\n<p>when you log in the first time bash reads:\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>/etc/profile</li>\r\n<li>.profile (if exists in home dir)</li>\r\n<li>.bash_profile (if exists in home dir)</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\nnon-login shells read:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>.bashrc (if it exists)</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</p>\r\n\r\n<p>If you want to increase your history size put this in your .bash_profile:\r\n<blockquote>export HISTSIZE=1000</blockquote>\r\n\r\nYou may want to also put that in your .bashrc for subsequent shells from your\r\nlogin shell, because this value will not be set until you log out and back in again.  You can also \r\nissue export HISTSIZE=1000 in the shell to increase this, but value will not be set for any other or\r\nsubsequent shells started from your session.\r\n</p>\r\n',7,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(174,'2006-10-30','Halloween Remix',218,'','<BR>\r\nA little bit different of a show today  basically just me fooling around in audacity playing with some mp3\\\'s hopefully you\\\'ll reconize most of the music <br>',39,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(175,'2006-11-01','Potato Cannon',724,'','<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://twatech.org/shownotes/notes.jpg\\\"> Potato Cannon Picture\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',3,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(176,'2006-11-02','Network Filesystems',1039,'','<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://us2.samba.org/samba/\\\">Samba</a><br > \r\n<a href=\\\"http://lists.samba.org/archive/samba/2006-February/117184.html\">Disable Printing in Samba</a><br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://fuse.sourceforge.net/sshfs.html\\\" >sshFS</a><br>\r\nman exports<br>\r\nman nfs<br>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',12,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(177,'2006-11-06','Useful Utilities',627,'','<br>\r\n<a href=\\\" http://0pencircuit.net/t0c/index.php?topic=47.msg511#msg511\\\"> List of Utilities </a>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',36,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(178,'2006-11-07','Model M Keyboard Lovefest',461,'','Model M (currently down)<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.modelm.org/\\\">http://www.modelm.org/ </a> <br>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\nModel M Keyboard on Wikipedia<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Model_M_keyboard\\\">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Model_M_keyboard </a> <br>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\nCare and feeding of an IBM Model M keyboard<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.preater.com/modelm/\\\"> http://www.preater.com/modelm/ </a> <br>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n\r\nClicky Keyboards <br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.clickykeyboards.com\\\"> http://www.clickykeyboards.com </a> <br>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\nDiagram for making your own USB Model M <br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://zevv.nl/experiments/ibm-usb/\\\">http://zevv.nl/experiments/ibm-usb/ </a> <br>\r\n<br>\r\nModern Model Ms <br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://pckeyboards.stores.yahoo.net/keyboards.html\\\"> http://pckeyboards.stores.yahoo.net/keyboards.html </a> <br>\r\n<br>\r\n',9,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(179,'2006-11-09','Introduction to e-Learning and SCORM',455,'','No Show Notes',46,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(180,'2006-11-12','Dynamics Processing',476,'','No Show Notes',42,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(181,'2006-11-13','Firefox 2.0 Tips and Tricks',1461,'','\r\n\r\n<a href=\\\"http://twatech.org/shownotes/181shownotes.txt\\\"> Show Notes </a>',40,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(182,'2006-11-15','OpenBSD',565,'','No Show Notes',19,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(183,'2006-11-19','Jokosher',667,'','<br>\r\n<p>This episode was recorded and mixed to wav entirely with Jokosher.  I then used lame to record the mp3, as I usually like to do.  The last second of audio was cut off and try as I might, could not get it to export this last second, but you did not miss anything.  Give jokosher a try and support the <a href=\\\"http://www.jokosher.org\\\">Jokosher Community</a>.  This has the the potential to be a killer audio app for the FOSS community.</p>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',7,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(184,'2006-11-20','Bad Things',1370,'','<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://twatech.org/shownotes/shownotes184.html\"> Show Notes</a> \r\n<br>',35,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(185,'2006-11-29','Twat Radio',60,'','No need to listen to this one guys We will be taking the month of december off to get more backup episodes and more monthly hosts If anyone wants to help out as a monthly host or just sumbit an episode please email us at twat.admin -at- gmail /dot/ com. I want to thank all our hosts for there hard work and hope everyone has a good holiday season.\r\n<br>\r\n-Enigma ',39,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(186,'2007-01-01','SciTE snippets',642,'','A quick intro to SciTE snippets. Touch base on why you should use them, what they do, and how to install it. Any questions just ask my on IRC, I\\\'m always there. Freenode #infonomicon BinRev #binrev<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://caladbolg.net/scite.php\\\">SciTE Website</a>\r\n<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://scite-tools.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/scripts/scite/snippets.lua\\\">snippets.lua</a><br />\r\n<a href=\\\"http://caladbolg.net/scite.php\\\">SciTE Website</a>\r\n<br><a href=\\\"http://scite-tools.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/scripts/ruby/ruby.lua\\\">ruby.lua</a><br /> \r\n<a href=\\\"http://pastie.caboo.se/30616\\\">My ruby.lua</a><br />',49,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(187,'2007-01-02','Lockpicking',1140,'','\r\nBuy lockpicks & bumping tools: <a href=\\\"http://www.lockpicks.com\\\">www.lockpicks.com</a><br><br>\r\n\r\nLocksport forums:<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.ezpicking.com\\\">EZ Picking</a><br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.lockpicking101.com\\\">Lockpicking 101</a><br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://forum.lockpicker.net\\\">Lock Picker Network</a><br><br>\r\n\r\nLocksport clubs:<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.toool.nl\\\">TOOOL</a><br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.locksport.com\\\">LockSport International</a><br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.bloomingtonfools.org\\\">Fraternal Order Of LockSport</a><br><br>\r\n\r\nOther resources:<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.lockenpedia.org\\\">Lockenpedia</a><br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.toool.nl/blackbag\\\">BlackBag - Blog of Barry \\\"The Key\\\" of TOOOL</a><br>\r\n',3,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(188,'2007-01-03','Ruby',436,'','<a href=\\\"http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/\\\">Ruby</a><br />\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.poignantguide.net/ruby\\\">Why\\\'s Poignant Guide and other references</a><br />',12,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(189,'2007-01-08','Pizza, Wii, and OSX',1112,'','No Show notes',50,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(190,'2007-01-10','Twat Remix',431,'','No Show Notes',51,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(191,'2007-01-16','ipod linux',454,'','<a href=\"http://www.ipodlinux.org\\\">http://www.ipodlinux.org </a>\r\n<br>\r\n<a href=\"http://www.it.fht-esslingen.de/~zimmerma/software/ltools.html\"> LTools </a>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',48,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(192,'2007-01-17','htaccess',642,'','<a href=\\\"http://www.gotroot.com/\\\">http://www.gotroot.com/ </a> <br> <br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.kuznetsov.uklinux.net/robots-tutorial.php\\\"> http://www.kuznetsov.uklinux.net/robots-tutorial.php </a><br><br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://rmccurdy.com/stuff/TWAT/htaccess\\\"> http://rmccurdy.com/stuff/TWAT/htaccess </a> <br> <br>',36,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(193,'2007-01-18','Application Lock on Windows mobile smart phones',350,'','No Show Notes',41,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(194,'2007-01-21','Smoothwall',974,'','IDS = Intrusion Detection System <br>\r\n<a href=\"http://martybugs.net/smoothwall/\"> http://martybugs.net/smoothwall</a> <br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.smoothwall.org/\\\"> http://www.smoothwall.org/ </a> <br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrusion-detection_system\\\"> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrusion-detection_system </a> <br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.netfilter.org/\\\"> Iptables</a> <br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.i-hacked.com/content/view/91/71/\\\"> A Little Howto + links to good mods </a> <br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://community.smoothwall.org/forum/viewforum.php?f=16\\\">Forum For Mods </a> <br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://community.smoothwall.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=2873\\\">  List Of Mods On forum </a> <br>		\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.i-trash.org/mail/\\\">Contact Me </a><br>',40,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(195,'2007-01-23','Free Online Courses',481,'','Free (Yes, it is free!) Java Programming (with Passion!)Online Course <br>\r\n<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.javapassion.com/javaintro/\\\"> http://www.javapassion.com/javaintro/ </a> <br>\r\n<br>\r\nReach me at ksmurf99 {at} gmail {dot} com with any questions or any other good courses <br>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>\r\n',21,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(196,'2007-01-24','Raid Arrays',501,'','<a href=\\\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redundant_array_of_independent_disks\\\"> Wiki on Raid Arrays </a>\r\n<br>\r\nReach me at twat.admin {at} gmail {dot} com with any questions or comments \r\n<br>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>\r\n<pre>Correction: \r\nRAID 0: Striped Set \r\nRAID 1: Mirrored Set \r\n</pre>\r\n<br>\r\nI switched the two in my recording my mistake thanks to pat and Lord Drachenblut for catching it <br>\r\n<br>\r\nThe recording has been corrected \r\n<br>\r\n<br>',39,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(197,'2007-01-25','LDAP',410,'','No show Notes',52,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(198,'2007-01-29','GIS and Remote Sensing',1159,'','<a href=\\\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_information_system\\\"> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_information_system </a><br>\r\n<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://grass.itc.it/download/index.php\\\"> http://grass.itc.it/download/index.php </a> <br>\r\n<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.geobase.ca/\\\"> \r\nhttp://www.geobase.ca/ </a> <br>\r\n<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.dpi.inpe.br/spring/english/index.html\\\">\r\nhttp://www.dpi.inpe.br/spring/english/index.html  </a><br>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n',18,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(199,'2007-01-30','Slast',402,'','<a href=\\\"http://www.slast.org\\\"> www.slast.org </a>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',1,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(200,'2007-01-31','200th Episode Special',242,'','This one was done for the twat cd at the last <a href=\\\"http://www.notacon.org/\\\"> Notacon </a> and hasn\\\'t been release other than on the cd I figured it would be a good special episode for our 200th --Enjoy\r\n<br>\r\n<br>\r\nthanks to all of our hosts for their hard work \r\n<br>\r\n-Enigma',22,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(201,'2007-02-01','Project management and collaboration via Wiki',546,'','<a href=\\\"http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki\\\">MediaWiki</a><br><br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://twiki.org/\\\">TWiki</a><br>\r\n<br>',3,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(202,'2007-02-04','Wacom Tablets',461,'','<a href=\\\"http://linuxwacom.sourceforge.net/index.php/howto/main\\\"> Linux Wacom Tablet Project</a><br />\r\n<a href=\\\"http://hoopajoo.net/tips/content/20.html\\\">Helpful xorg.conf example</a>',12,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(203,'2007-02-06','Performace Monitoring with SysStat',696,'','SYSSTAT package for Linux<br>\r\nSystem performance tuning and performance history tracking is a necessity for Unix hosts that support growing projects and ever demanding users. RRDTool is another package that lets you graphically view this information. Today dosman discusses how to use both packages.<p>\r\n\r\n<a href=\\\"http://perso.orange.fr/sebastien.godard/index.html\\\">sysstat</a><br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://oss.oetiker.ch/rrdtool/\\\">RRDTool</a><br>\r\nNovell\\\'s <a href=\\\"http://www.novell.com/coolsolutions/tools/15964.html\\\">Linux Monitoring Tool</a> Package<br>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',3,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(204,'2007-02-07','French for Geeks: How to pick up chicks',1328,'','Seal and the Montreal 2600\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',18,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(205,'2007-02-08','Grid Computing',382,'','No Show Notes\r\n\r\n<br>\r\n<br>\r\n',48,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(206,'2007-02-12','Esperanto',300,'','No Show Notes',53,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(207,'2007-02-13','You are being watched',557,'','No Show Notes\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',36,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(208,'2007-02-15','AJAX',627,'','No Show Notes\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',41,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(209,'2007-02-22','Etherboot',1383,'','No Show Notes',54,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(210,'2007-02-25','RFA Remix #1 - Hacker Manifesto',344,'','This clip orginally is from <a href=\"http://www.oldskoolphreak.com/radio.html\"> Radio freek america 40 </a> which aired on 12/04/02\r\n\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',55,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(211,'2007-03-04','New Projects',514,'','<a href=\\\"http://www.hackerevents.org\\\"> www.hackerevents.org </a>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.eth0enigma.com\\\"> www.eth0enigma.com </a>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://813.binrevmeetings.com\\\"> Tampa Binrev meeting </a>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.insecuretech.com\\\"> www.insecuretech.com </a>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.wirelink.org\\\"> www.wirelink.org </a>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n',39,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(212,'2007-03-05','SNMP',641,'','No Show Notes\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',56,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(213,'2007-03-06','Natural Language Selection and AI',321,'','No Show Notes\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',57,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(214,'2007-03-07','VMWare clustering',514,'','No Show Notes',48,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(215,'2007-03-08','Free Dos',402,'','No Show Notes',42,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(216,'2007-03-12','Amazon Simple Storage Services',1024,'','<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\\\"http://www.amazon.com/S3-AWS-home-page-Money/b/ref=sc_fe_l_2/104-1189807-0595127?ie=UTF8&node=16427261&no=3435361&me=A36L942TSJ2AJA\\\">Amazon S3</a></li>\r\n<li><a href=\\\"http://www.jungledisk.com/index.shtml\\\">Jungle Disk</a></li>\r\n<li><a href=\\\"http://jets3t.s3.amazonaws.com/index.html\\\">JetS3</a></li>\r\n<li><a href=\\\"http://www.rjonna.com/ext/s3fox.php\\\">S3Fox</a></li>\r\n</ul>\r\nSong:  Vienna Sausage by <a href=\\\"http://www.junkboxmusic.com\\\">Junkbox</a>  \r\n',7,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(217,'2007-03-13','Nikto',383,'','No Show Notes',36,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(218,'2007-03-14','SIDs',674,'','<ul>\r\n<li><a href=\\\"http://www.microsoft.com/technet/sysinternals/FileAndDisk/PsTools.mspx\\\">PsTools</a></li>\r\n<li><a href=\\\"http://www.microsoft.com/technet/sysinternals/utilities/psgetsid.mspx\\\">PsGetSId</a></li>\r\n<li><a href=\\\"http://www.microsoft.com/technet/sysinternals/SystemInformation/PsInfo.mspx\\\">PsInfo</a></li>\r\n<li><a href=\\\"http://www.microsoft.com/technet/sysinternals/Security/NewSid.mspx\\\">NewSid</a></li>\r\n</ul>',52,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(219,'2007-03-19','Skype Wardialing',1242,'','No Show Notes\r\n<br>\r\n',58,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(220,'2007-03-20','GIS and iSCSI',1255,'','This is just a rundown of both iSCSI and GFS technologies.\r\nThe relative merits of each are compared against other similar\r\npurpose technologies.<br><br>',54,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(221,'2007-03-25','Binrev Remix #1 - Hackermedia',1437,'','this episode is a clip from episode 160 of binary Revolution Radio',1,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(222,'2007-03-26','Apple breaking thru',308,'','apples corporate anthem 1980\\\'s style\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',39,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(223,'2007-03-27','Maxivista',831,'','No show notes\r\n<br>',58,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(224,'2007-03-28','RFA Remix #2 Free Thinking ',659,'','original clip from Radio Freak America #54\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',55,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(225,'2007-03-29','Free Router! (till the 31st)',703,'','<a href=\\\"http://www.i-trash.org/?ls=Twatech\\\"> show notes </a> <br> <br>',40,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(226,'2007-04-03','Metasploit 3',740,'','<a href=\\\"http://www.metasploit.com/\\\">Metasploit Project</a><br />\r\nNot much to write up, just take a listen.<br />\r\nNote: Some of the information is a few weeks out of date, metasploit 3 has been released now and I\'m assuming that the web interface does work correctly.',12,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(227,'2007-04-04','Helix',657,'','\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.e-fense.com/helix/\\\"> helix </a>\r\n<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.sleuthkit.org/autopsy/\\\"> autopsy </a>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',39,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(228,'2007-04-05','Vmware lab',437,'','No Show Notes\r\n<br>\r\n<br>\r\n',58,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(229,'2007-04-08','NetSnmp',193,'','No Show Notes\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',48,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(230,'2007-04-09','Notacon Radio',450,'','<a href=\\\"http://www.notaconradio.org\\\"> Notaconradio.org </a>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',42,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(231,'2007-04-10','Hosting a Lan Party',1364,'','No Show notes\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',56,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(232,'2007-04-12','portable apps',575,'','<a href=\\\"http://feeds.rmccurdy.com\\\"> http://feeds.rmccurdy.com </a> <br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friday_the_13th\\\"> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friday_the_13th </a> <br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://portableapps.com\\\"> http://portableapps.com </a> <br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://cse.msstate.edu/%7Erwm8/hackingU3/\\\"> http://cse.msstate.edu/%7Erwm8/hackingU3/ </a> <br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://rmccurdy.com/scripts/ftp.txt\\\"> http://rmccurdy.com/scripts/ftp.txt </a> <br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://rmccurdy.com/scripts/firefox.txt\\\"> http://rmccurdy.com/scripts/firefox.txt </a> <br>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>\r\nmusic: <br>\r\nLady Sovereign_Public Warning\\\\06-my_england_192_lame_cbr.mp3 <br>\r\nJoanna_Newsom Peach, Plum, Pear<br>\r\n<br>',36,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(233,'2007-04-16','Gigavox Levelator',625,'','<a href=\\\"http://www.gigavox.com/levelator\\\">Levelator Download</a> <br> <br>\r\n',7,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(234,'2007-04-17','gtkdialog',550,'','droops talks about gtkdialog, an easy way of adding a gui to your bash scripts and beyond.\r\n<p />\r\n<a href=\\\"http://linux.pte.hu/~pipas/gtkdialog/\\\">gtkdialog homepage</a>\r\n<p />\r\n<a href=\\\"http://linux.pte.hu/~pipas/gtkdialog/screenshots.html\\\">gtk example screenshots</a>\r\n<p />\r\n<a href=\\\"http://infonomicon.org/text/gtkdialog_twat.txt\\\">droops\\\' network manager for twat\r\n<p />',1,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(235,'2007-05-07','BBS ',2201,'','a good interview about the history of BBS\\\'s ',59,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(236,'2007-05-08','Notacon wrapup',1349,'','<a href=\\\"http://www.notacon.org\\\">Notacon</a><br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://demoparty.us/2007/wrapup.shtml\\\">BlockParty Wrapup</a><br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.irongeek.com\\\">Irongeek\\\'s video from Notacon 4</a><br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.notaconbathroomcam.com\\\">Notacon bathroom cam</a><br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.hackerfoundation.org/wiki/index.php/Hackers_on_a_Plane\\\"> Hackers on a Plane</a><br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.haycon.info\\\">Haycon</a><br>\r\n<br>',3,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(237,'2007-05-10','Picture Frames',967,'','No Show notes\r\n<br>\r\n<br>\r\n',58,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(238,'2007-05-11','The Computer Code hoedown',227,'','original audio by Shane Killian can be found at <br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://audio.textfiles.com\\\"> audio.textfiles.com </a>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',39,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(239,'2007-05-14','Myth TV',979,'','<a href=\\\"http://www.mythtv.org/\\\">http://www.mythtv.org/ </a>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KnoppMyth\\\"> KnoppMyth wiki </a>',36,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(240,'2007-05-15','PWF',1659,'','<a href=\"http://www.oldskoolphreak.com\\\"> www.oldskoolphreak.com </a><br>\r\n<a href=\"http://www.oldskoolphreak.com/tfiles/pwf.txt\\\">www.oldskoolphreak.com/tfiles/pwf.txt </a><br>\r\n<a href=\"http://www.bellcoreradio.net\\\"> www.bellcoreradio.net </a><br>\r\n<a href=\"http://www.walmart.com\\\"> www.walmart.com </a><br>\r\n<br>',60,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(241,'2007-05-17','Text Editors of Choice',624,'','\r\n\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.jedit.org\\\">Jedit</a>',7,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(242,'2007-05-21','Powering Up Windows',853,'','This is just a rundown of what can be done to turn a standard Windows installation into a more powerful OS. <br>\r\n<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://tinyurl.com/e5x2t\\\"> Windows Powershell info and download </a> <br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://tinyurl.com/yfhasd\\\"> VBScript to Powershell conversion reference </a> <br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://tinyurl.com/34oyc4\\\"> Sysinternals utilities info and download </a> <br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.mingw.org/\\\">GNU tool sets </a> <br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.cygwin.com/\\\">Cygwin </a> <br>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n \r\n',54,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(243,'2007-05-22','Genetic Algorithms',611,'','<pre>The applications of genetic algorithms include:\r\n\r\nArtificial Creativity \r\nAutomated design\r\nCode-breaking\r\nDesign of water distribution systems\r\nElectronic circuit design\r\nFile allocation for a distributed system. \r\nGame Theory Equilibrium Resolution. \r\nLearning Robot behavior\r\nMolecular Structure Optimization\r\nProtein folding \r\nTimetabling problems\r\nTraining artificial neural networks\r\nand the Traveling Salesman Problem. \r\n</pre><br>\r\n<br>\r\n',61,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(244,'2007-05-24','Video Compression',507,'','No show Notes <br>\r\n<br>',58,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(245,'2007-05-28','Descrambled ',522,'','Joe Wecker of Don\\\'t Eat Pete sings the algorithm of DVDdescramble.c. Removed from mp3.com for its allegedly \\\"offensive lyrics\\\". <br>original audio at <a href=\\\"http://audio.textfiles.com\\\"> audio.textfiles.com </a> <br>\r\n<br>',39,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(246,'2007-05-30','daap',291,'','<a href=\\\"http://angrytelecomgeek.blogspot.com/2007/05/media-streaming-with-itunes-ubuntu-and.html\\\"> Media Streaming with I-Tunes, Ubuntu and mt-daapd </a><br>\r\n<br>',19,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(247,'2007-05-31','Binrev Remix #2 Deadly Halon!',885,'','original audio from <a href=\\\"http://www.binrev.com/radio/archive/binrev011.mp3\\\"> Binrev Radio Episode 11 </a>',55,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(248,'2007-06-01','H.264 Standard',432,'','\r\n<a href=\\\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H264\\\">Wikipedia - H.264 Standard</a> <br>\r\n<br>\r\n',58,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(249,'2007-06-07','So You Got Your Lame Ass Sued',3743,'','original audio from Defcon 9 presentation\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',13,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(250,'2007-06-08','PanoTools',502,'','<a href=\\\"http://www.kekus.com/\\\">www.kekus.com </a> <br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://hugin.sourceforge.net\\\"> </a> <br> \r\n<a href=\"http://hugin.sourceforge.net\"> http://hugin.sourceforge.net </a> <br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://panotools.info\\\"> http://panotools.info </a> <br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://panotools.org\\\"> http://panotools.org </a> <br>\r\n\r\n',48,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(251,'2007-06-11','Projectors',761,'','<a href=\\\"http://muonics.net/blog/index.php?postid=15\\\">GRL Laser Tag</a><br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.crazysquirrel.com/diy/projector-screen.jspx\\\">DIY Projector screens</a><br>',3,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(252,'2007-06-13','Network Access Control',1006,'','No Show Notes <br>\r\n<br>',62,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(253,'2007-06-14','Diversions',659,'','3 Diversions: <br>\r\n<br>\r\nKnetwalk - no url, sorry - check your distro repository <br>\r\nBriquolo - <a href=\\\"http://briquolo.free.fr\\\"> http://briquolo.free.fr </a> <br>\r\ndeskbar applet - <a href=\\\"http://raphael.slinckx.net/deskbar\\\"> http://raphael.slinckx.net/deskbar </a> <br>\r\n<br>\r\nhave fun. <br>\r\n<br>',7,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(254,'2007-06-15','stimulants',515,'','No Show Notes <br>\r\n<br>',63,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(255,'2007-06-18','Wireless Fun: Macbook Pro',583,'','<p>Wireless Fun on a Macbook Pro - Part One</p>\r\n<p><a href=\\\"http://www.istumbler.net/\\\">iStumbler website</a></p>\r\n<p><a href=\\\"http://kismac.de/\\\">kismac website</a></p>\r\n<p><a href=\\\"http://www.kismetwireless.net/Forum/Equipment/Messages/1170919945.7235651\\\">getting kismac to work on Macbook Pro</a></p>\r\n<p><a href=\\\"http://www.wireshark.org/download.html\\\">Get you sum Wireshark</a></p> <br>',16,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(256,'2007-06-19','alkix live cd ',775,'','<a href=\\\"http://www.alkix-live.com/\\\"> Alkix Live Cd </a> <br> <br>',64,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(257,'2007-06-20','plsql',4169,'','No Show Notes <br>\r\n<br>',55,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(258,'2007-06-27','mindmanager',309,'','\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.mindjet.com/us/\\\">Mindjet Home Page</a>\r\n\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n\r\nCtrl+Shit+Alt+T brings 5 day trial into 21 day mode.<br>\r\n<br>',58,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(259,'2007-06-27','How to make a Twat Ep',1744,'','No show notes <br>\r\n<br>',60,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(260,'2007-07-02','Pidgeon Cam',845,'','No Show notes <br>\r\n<br>',3,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(261,'2007-07-09','NAS',1300,'','No show notes <br>\r\n<br>',55,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(262,'2007-07-11','zoneminder',336,'','No show notes <br>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n\r\n',58,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(263,'2007-07-13','wubi installer and network extraction',662,'','<a href=\\\"http://wubi-installer.org/\\\"> http://wubi-installer.org/ </a> <br>\r\n<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://room362.com\\\"> room362.com </a>',62,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(264,'2007-07-16','This old hack',1488,'','Part 1 <br>\r\n<br>',66,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(265,'2007-07-17','nokia 770',312,'','<a href=\\\"http://www.nokiausa.com/770\\\"> nokiausa.com/770 </a> <br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.maemo.org\\\"> maemo.org </a>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',48,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(266,'2007-07-19','Package Management on OSX',640,'','<p>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.macports.org\\\">MacPorts Official Site</a><br />\r\n<a href=\\\"http://trac.macosforge.org/projects/macports/wiki/InstallingMacPorts\\\">MacPorts Installation Instructions</a><br />\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.finkproject.org\\\">Fink Project Official Site</a>\r\n</p>',16,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(267,'2007-07-27','trixbox',433,'','<a href=\\\"http://www.trixbox.org/\\\"> trixbox.org </a>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',58,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(268,'2007-07-30','ManHole Funk',204,'','No Show Notes <br>\r\n<br>',65,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(269,'2007-08-02','Windows Tricks',523,'','No Show notes <br>\r\n<br>',67,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(270,'2007-08-08','sql injection',621,'','\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n  \r\n\r\n\r\n <a href=\\\"http://www.sqlpowerinjector.com/\\\">SQL Power Injector </a> <br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.priamos-project.com/demo.htm\\\"> PRIAMOS </a> <br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.0x90.org/releases/absinthe/download.php \\\"> Absinthe </a><br>\r\n\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.twatech.org/agentinfo.php?host=operat0r\\\"> twat episode mod_security </a> <br>\r\n\r\n',36,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(271,'2007-08-09','Avoid Cpu Billing',834,'','<a href=\\\"http://www.cs.huji.ac.il/~dants/papers/Cheat07Security.pdf\\\"> http://www.cs.huji.ac.il/~dants/papers/Cheat07Security.pdf </a> <br> <br>',58,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(272,'2007-08-16','NAMBLA',482,'','<a href=\\\"http://www.nambla.org\\\"> Nambla </a>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',60,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(273,'2007-08-22','ChatBots',512,'','Play with<br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www-ai.ijs.si/eliza-cgi-bin/eliza_script\\\"> http://www-ai.ijs.si/eliza-cgi-bin/eliza_script </a> <br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.alicebot.org/\\\"> http://www.alicebot.org/ </a> <br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.sitechatters.com/\\\"> http://www.sitechatters.com/ </a> <br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://library.thinkquest.org/19314/langprog.htm\\\"> http://library.thinkquest.org/19314/langprog.htm </a> <br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.alicebot.org/superbot.html\\\"> http://www.alicebot.org/superbot.html </a> <br>\r\nread: <br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://cogsci.ucsd.edu/%7Ebatali/108b/lectures/natlang.txt\\\"> http://cogsci.ucsd.edu/%7Ebatali/108b/lectures/natlang.txt </a> <br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.toddhester.net/chatbot.html\\\"> http://www.toddhester.net/chatbot.html </a> <br>\r\n<br>\r\n',57,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(274,'2007-08-23','Botanicalls',645,'','<a href=\\\"http://www.botanicalls.com\\\"> botanicalls.com </a> <br>\r\n<br>',25,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(275,'2007-08-29','Wireless Fun Part 2',553,'','<p>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.macports.org\\\">MacPorts Official Site</a><br />\r\n<a href=\\\"http://trac.macosforge.org/projects/macports/wiki/InstallingMacPorts\\\">MacPorts Installation Instructions</a><br />\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.finkproject.org\\\">Fink Project Official Site</a>\r\n</p>\r\n<br>',16,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(276,'2007-08-30','The Age old Question',1230,'','orginal audio Binrev Radio 16\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',55,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(277,'2007-08-31','this old hack part 2',3633,'','part 2 of 3 \r\n<br>\r\n<br>',66,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(278,'2007-09-04','Cmake',933,'','<a href=\\\"http://www.cmake.org\\\"> www.cmake.org </a>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',69,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(279,'2007-09-06','Curl',416,'','No show notes\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',36,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(280,'2007-09-07','Storage Space',955,'','No Show Notes\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',58,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(281,'2007-09-10','Smart Phones',2451,'','\r\nEgress (mobile RSS atom podcatcher) <br>\r\n\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.garishkernels.net/software.html\\\">  http://www.garishkernels.net/software.html </a> <br>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<br>\r\n\r\nTCPMP - The Core Pocket Media Player <br>\r\n\r\nif it\\\'s media, this plays it! <br>\r\n\r\n<a href=\\\"http://picard.exceed.hu/tcpmp\\\"> http://picard.exceed.hu/tcpmp </a> <br>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nStream YouTube, Google Video & Others w/TCPMP <br>\r\n\r\n<a href=\\\"http://tinyurl.com/2u7xlz\\\"> http://tinyurl.com/2u7xlz </a> <br>\r\n\r\n<a href=\\\"http://tinyurl.com/2oxpgb\\\"> http://tinyurl.com/2oxpgb </a> <br>\r\n\r\n<br>\r\n\r\nOpera (mobile web browser) <br>\r\n\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.opera.com/products/mobile/products/wimmobileppc\\\"> http://www.opera.com/products/mobile/products/wimmobileppc </a> <br>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<br>\r\n\r\nPocket IRC (mobile IRC!!) <br>\r\n\r\n<a href=\\\"http://pocketirc.com\\\"> http://pocketirc.com </a> <br>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<br>\r\n\r\nAgile Messenger (MSN, AIM, ICQ, YAHOO, GOOGLE TALK, JABBER) <br>\r\n\r\n<a href=\\\"http://agilemobile.com\\\"> http://agilemobile.com </a> <br>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<br>\r\n\r\nOctro Talk (Google Talk, Jabber) <br>\r\n\r\n<a href=\\\"http://octro.com\\\"> http://octro.com </a>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<br>\r\n\r\nMini Stumbler (wifi scanner) <br>\r\n\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.netstumbler.com/downloads\\\">http://www.netstumbler.com/downloads </a> <br>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<br>\r\n\r\nWifi Fofum (wifi scanner) <br>\r\n\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.acpecto-software.com/rw/applications/wififofum\\\"> http://www.acpecto-software.com/rw/applications/wififofum </a> <br>\r\n\r\n\r\n<br>\r\n\r\nPDAnet (PDA to laptop modem) <br>\r\n\r\n<a href=\\\"http://junefabrics.com/pdanet\\\"> http://junefabrics.com/pdanet </a> <br>\r\n\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMicrosoft Live Search (mobile maps, locator, directions, etc)<br>\r\n\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.microsoft.com/windowsmobile/livesearch/default.mspx\\\"> http://www.microsoft.com/windowsmobile/livesearch/default.mspx </a> <br>\r\n\r\n<br>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n',25,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(282,'2007-09-12','Ptunnel',522,'','<a href=\\\"http://www.cs.uit.no/~daniels/PingTunnel/\\\">http://www.cs.uit.no/~daniels/PingTunnel/</a>',12,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(283,'2007-09-13','Grand Central',1265,'','No show notes\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',60,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(284,'2007-09-18','streaming mp3 files',400,'','No Show Notes\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',48,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(285,'2007-09-28','Make the switch',31,'','No show notes\r\n<br>\r\n<br>\r\n',13,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(286,'2007-11-05','Managing Time',1709,'','No show notes <br> <Br>',23,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(287,'2007-11-07','Clonezilla and Friends',738,'','No Show Notes <br> <br>',36,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(288,'2007-11-16','This week in twat',528,'','<pre>\r\n- Some new RFID Tech\r\n- Hard Drives sold with trojan horses installed\r\n- McGrew Security checks out crackmails.net\r\n</pre>',42,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(289,'2007-11-19','shmoocon meetup',270,'','<br>\r\nNo show notes\r\n<br>',62,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(290,'2007-11-21','Google 411',692,'','No show notes\r\n<br>\r\n',84,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(291,'2007-11-26','Ruby on Rails Primer',614,'','Archive:   <a href=\\\"http://www.twatech.org/shownotes/twat-ep291.tar.gz\\\"> twat-ep291.tar.gz </a> <br>\r\n<pre>\r\n	- Screenshots\r\n	- Rails example\r\n	- Rails resources\r\n</pre> ',64,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(292,'2007-11-29','From the Way back Machine',4400,'','orginal audio Defcon 7\r\n<br>\r\n',13,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(293,'2007-12-16','Telephonic Craptacular',640,'','No show notes\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',55,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(294,'2007-12-20','MC Frontalot mix',432,'','no show notes\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',68,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(295,'2007-12-21','Mirror Neurons',178,'','<a href=\\\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirror_neurons\\\"> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirror_neurons </a><br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.edge.org/discourse/mirror_neurons.html\\\"> http://www.edge.org/discourse/mirror_neurons.html</a><br>\r\n\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.interdisciplines.org/mirror/papers/1\\\"> http://www.interdisciplines.org/mirror/papers/1 </a>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n',57,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(296,'2007-12-25','nagios',748,'','<a href= \\\"http://www.meulie.net/portal_plugins/forum/forum_viewtopic.php?9513.last\\\"> \r\nhttp://www.meulie.net/portal_plugins/forum/forum_viewtopic.php?9513.last   </a> <br>\r\n( http auth dont use check_http !) <br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.meulie.net/portal_plugins/forum/forum_viewtopic.php?1897\\\">\r\nhttp://www.meulie.net/portal_plugins/forum/forum_viewtopic.php?1897  </a> <br>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.meulie.net/portal_plugins/forum/forum_viewtopic.php?1817\\\">\r\nhttp://www.meulie.net/portal_plugins/forum/forum_viewtopic.php?1817 </a> <br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.nagios.org/faqs/viewfaq.php?faq_id=162\\\"> http://www.nagios.org/faqs/viewfaq.php?faq_id=162 ( debug ) </a><br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.nagios.org/faqs/viewfaq.php?faq_id=324\\\"> http://www.nagios.org/faqs/viewfaq.php?faq_id=324 ( POST ) </a> <br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.nagiosexchange.org/nagios-users.34.0.html?&tx_maillisttofaq_pi1%5Bsort%5D=all_replies%3A1&tx_maillisttofaq_pi1%5Bmode%5D=1&tx_maillisttofaq_pi1%5BshowUid%5D=2220\\\">\r\nnagios mailing list </a> <br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.nagios.org/faqs/viewfaq.php?faq_id=157\\\">\r\nhttp://www.nagios.org/faqs/viewfaq.php?faq_id=157 </a>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<a href=\\\"http://del.icio.us/operat0r/NRPE\\\">\r\nhttp://del.icio.us/operat0r/NRPE </a> <br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://del.icio.us/operat0r/nagios\\\">\r\nhttp://del.icio.us/operat0r/nagios </a>\r\n<br>\r\n<br>\r\n\r\n\r\nNTLM FIX !!! ( for webinject ) <br>\r\n<a href=\\\"http://www.webinject.org/cgi-bin/forums/YaBB.cgi?board=Development;action=display;num=1185818423;start=0#0\\\">\r\nforum post </a> <br>\r\n<a href =\\\"http://www.webinject.org/cgi-bin/forums/YaBB.cgi?board=Development;action=display;num=1185818423;start=1#1\\\"> another forum post </a> <br>\r\n\r\n\r\nMUSIC: <br>\r\n\r\nThe Crystal Method Comin  Back <br>\r\nState Of Bengal\\\\Visual Audio\\\\07-Hunters.mp3 <br>',36,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(297,'2007-12-26','Ever Onward IBM',160,'','IBM theme orginal audio from textfiles.com\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',39,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(298,'2007-12-27','Trashing with adam',768,'','No show notes\r\n<br>\r\n<br>',66,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(299,'2007-12-31','Iphone Madness',2785,'','some old audio I dug up <br>\r\nhosts include: <br>\r\nEnigma<br>\r\nfaceman <br>\r\nDrake Anubis <br>\r\nThoughtphreaker <br>\r\n',39,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(300,'2007-12-31','End Transmisson',258,'','check out <a href=\"http://www.hackerpublicradio.org\"> hackerpublicradio.org </a> \r\n<br>\r\n<br>',39,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1),
(69,'0000-00-00','Phone Calls',0,'','More info on the Boston Phone System',0,0,1,'CC-BY-NC-SA','',0,0,1);


